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Martins AF, de Souza DRV, de Rezende Neto JM, Santos AA, da Invenção GB, Matos ILS, dos Santos KA, de Jesus PC, da Silva FA, de Almeida FHO, do Vale FYN, Fonseca DLM, Schimke LF, Matos SS, Oliveira BM, Ferreira CS, de Paula Dias B, dos Santos SMSA, Barbosa CC, de Carvalho Barreto ID, Moreno AKM, Gonçalves RL, de Mello Silva B, Cabral-Marques O, Borges LP. A higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population in Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1095162. [PMID: 37304100 PMCID: PMC10253171 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1095162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The historical and social vulnerability of quilombola communities in Brazil can make them especially fragile in the face of COVID-19, considering that several individuals have precarious health systems and inadequate access to water. This work aimed to characterize the frequency of SARS-COV-2 infections and the presence of IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in quilombola populations and their relationship with the presence of risk factors or preexisting chronic diseases in the quilombola communities. We analyzed the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, serological status, comorbidities, and symptoms of 1,994 individuals (478 males and 1,536 females) from 18 Brazilian municipalities in the State of Sergipe of quilombola communities, which were evaluated at different epidemiological weeks, starting at the 32nd (August 6th) and ending at the 40th (October 3rd) epidemiological week. More than 70% of studied families live in rural areas and they have an extreme poverty social status. Although we found a higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population, their SARS-CoV-2 reactivity and IgM and IgG positivity varied across the communities investigated. Arterial hypertension was the most risk factor, being found in 27.8% of the individuals (9.5% in stage 1, 10.8% in stage 2, and 7.5% in stage 3). The most common COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities were headache, runny nose, flu, and dyslipidemia. However, most individuals were asymptomatic (79.9%). Our data indicate that mass testing must be incorporated into public policy to improve the health care system available to quilombola populations during a future pandemic or epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Yuri Nery do Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Saulo Santos Matos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Cyntia Silva Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Paula Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Cavadas Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Karolina Mendes Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lemes Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Borges LP, Martins AF, de Souza DRV, de Rezende Neto JM, Santos AA, Oliveira BM, Matos ILS, da Invenção GB, dos Santos KA, Souza NAA, de Jesus PC, dos Santos CA, de Oliveira Goes MA, de Souza MSF, de Carvalho Barreto ID, Guimarães AG, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Does In-Person Visiting Affect the Number of COVID-19 Cases in Prisons? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1184. [PMID: 34833060 PMCID: PMC8617881 DOI: 10.3390/life11111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with the current advances that have been made in regard to COVID-19, such as a better understanding of the disease and the steady growth in the number of vaccinated individuals, it remains a challenge for humanity. Dealing with the disease in prison settings has been particularly difficult. This study sought to discover whether in-person visiting affected the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the penitentiaries in the state of Sergipe (Brazil). We conducted a two-phase study (when visiting was suspended and after it recommenced) in seven penitentiaries in Sergipe using immunochromatography and nasopharyngeal swab testing to evaluate whether visiting affects the number of COVID-19 cases. In the first phase (n = 778), 57.6% of inmates reported risk factors and 32.5% were positive for COVID-19 (18.9% IgM, 24.2% IgG, 1% antigen). In the second phase, 19.6% tested positive (13.9% IgM, 7.9% IgG, 0.2% antigen). The occurrence of positive cases of COVID-19 and positive results (IgM and IgG) were significantly higher in the first phase. In the second phase, 56.7% of inmates had received visits and 18.7% were positive for COVID-19 (14% IgM, 7% IgG). Among those who had not received visits, 20.9% tested positive (13.8% IgM, 9.2% IgG, 0.5% antigen). There was no significant difference in positive cases/results between inmates that had and had not received visits. These findings suggest that, under the conditions assessed, visiting does not seem to affect the number of COVID-19 cases in prisons and reinforces the importance of sanitary measures to control dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysandro Pinto Borges
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Aline Fagundes Martins
- Department of Education in Health, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto 49400-000, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (D.R.V.d.S.); (J.M.d.R.N.)
| | - Daniela Raguer Valadão de Souza
- Department of Education in Health, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto 49400-000, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (D.R.V.d.S.); (J.M.d.R.N.)
| | - José Melquiades de Rezende Neto
- Department of Education in Health, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto 49400-000, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (D.R.V.d.S.); (J.M.d.R.N.)
| | - Aryanne Araujo Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Brenda Morais Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Igor Leonardo Santos Matos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Grazielly Bispo da Invenção
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Kezia Alves dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Nicolas Alessandro Alves Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pamela Chaves de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (L.P.B.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.O.); (I.L.S.M.); (G.B.d.I.); (K.A.d.S.); (N.A.A.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Education in Health, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto 49400-000, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (D.R.V.d.S.); (J.M.d.R.N.)
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