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Chandra P, Sacks GD. Contemporary Surgical Management of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 38473303 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Approximately 20-30% of patients will develop hepatic metastasis in the form of synchronous or metachronous disease. The treatment of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has evolved into a multidisciplinary approach, with chemotherapy and a variety of locoregional treatments, such as ablation and portal vein embolization, playing a crucial role. However, resection remains a core tenet of management, serving as the gold standard for a curative-intent therapy. As such, the input of a dedicated hepatobiliary surgeon is paramount for appropriate patient selection and choice of surgical approach, as significant advances in the field have made management decisions extremely nuanced and complex. We herein aim to review the contemporary surgical management of colorectal liver metastasis with respect to both perioperative and operative considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Chandra
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Sacks GD, Shin P, Braithwaite RS, Soares KC, Kingham TP, D'Angelica MI, Drebin JA, Jarnagin WR, Wei AC. The Influence of Patient Preference on Surgeons' Treatment Recommendations in the Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e1068-e1072. [PMID: 36804447 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether surgeon variation in management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) is driven by differences in risk perception and quantify surgeons' risk threshold for changing their recommendations. BACKGROUND Surgeons vary widely in management of IPMN. METHODS We conducted a survey of members of the Americas HepatoPancreatoBiliary Association, presented participants with 2 detailed clinical vignettes and asked them to choose between surgical resection and surveillance. We also asked them to judge the likelihood that the IPMN harbors cancer and that the patient would have a serious complication if surgery was performed. Finally, we asked surgeons to rate the level of cancer risk at which they would change their treatment recommendation. We examined the association between surgeons' treatment recommendations and their risk perception and risk threshold. RESULTS One hundred and fifty surgeons participated in the study. Surgeons varied in their recommendations for surgery [19% for vignette 1 (V1) and 12% for V2] and in their perception of the cancer risk (interquartile range: 2%-10% for V1 and V2) and risk of surgical complications (V1 interquartile range: 10%-20%, V2 20%-30%). After adjusting for surgeon characteristics, surgeons who were above the median in cancer risk perception were 22 percentage points (27% vs. 5%) more likely to recommend resection than those who were below the median (95% CI: 11.34%; P <0.001). The median risk threshold at which surgeons would change their recommendation was 15% (V1 and V2). Surgeons who recommended surgery had a lower risk threshold for changing their recommendation than those who recommended surveillance (V1: 10.0 vs. 15.0, P =0.06; V2: 7.0 vs. 15.0, P =0.05). CONCLUSIONS The treatment that patients receive for IPMNs depends greatly on how their surgeons perceive the risk of cancer in the lesion. Efforts to improve cancer risk prediction for IPMNs may lead to decreased variations in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU-Langone Health, New York, NY
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paul Shin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - R Scott Braithwaite
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kevin C Soares
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Michael I D'Angelica
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey A Drebin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Alice C Wei
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
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Sacks GD, Shin P, Braithwaite RS, Soares KC, Kingham TP, D'Angelica MI, Drebin JA, Jarnagin WR, Wei AC. Risk Perceptions and Risk Thresholds Among Surgeons in the Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e1073-e1079. [PMID: 37796751 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether surgeon variation in management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is driven by differences in risk perception and quantify surgeons' risk threshold for changing their recommendations. BACKGROUND Surgeons vary widely in management of IPMN. METHODS We conducted a survey of members of the Americas HepatoPancreatoBiliary Association, presented participants with 2 detailed clinical vignettes and asked them to choose between surgical resection and surveillance. We also asked them to judge the likelihood that the IPMN harbors cancer and that the patient would have a serious complication if surgery was performed. Finally, we asked surgeons to rate the level of cancer risk at which they would change their treatment recommendation. We examined the association between surgeons' treatment recommendations and their risk perception and risk threshold. RESULTS One hundred fifty surgeons participated in the study. Surgeons varied in their recommendations for surgery [19% for vignette 1 (V1) and 12% for V2] and in their perception of the cancer risk (interquartile range: 2%-10% for V1 and V2) and risk of surgical complications (V1 interquartile range: 10%-20%, V2 20-30%). After adjusting for surgeon characteristics, surgeons who were above the median in cancer risk perception were 22 percentage points (27% vs 5%) more likely to recommend resection than those who were below the median (95% CI: 11%-4%; P <0.001). The median risk threshold at which surgeons would change their recommendation was 15% (V1 and V2). Surgeons who recommended surgery had a lower risk threshold for changing their recommendation than those who recommended surveillance (V1: 10.0 vs 15.0, P =0.06; V2: 7.0 vs 15.0, P =0.05). CONCLUSIONS The treatment that patients receive for IPMNs depends greatly on how their surgeons perceive the risk of cancer in the lesion. Efforts to improve cancer risk prediction for IPMNs may lead to decreased variations in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and NYU-Langone Health, New York, NY
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paul Shin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - R Scott Braithwaite
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kevin C Soares
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Michael I D'Angelica
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey A Drebin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Alice C Wei
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
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Rompen IF, Levine J, Habib JR, Sereni E, Mughal N, Hewitt DB, Sacks GD, Welling TH, Simeone DM, Kaplan B, Berman RS, Cohen SM, Wolfgang CL, Javed AA. Progression of Site-Specific Recurrence of Pancreatic Cancer and Implications for Treatment. Ann Surg 2023:00000658-990000000-00687. [PMID: 37870253 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze post-recurrence progression in context of recurrence sites and assess implications for post-recurrence treatment. BACKGROUND Most patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) recur within two years. Different survival outcomes for location-specific patterns of recurrence are reported, highlighting their prognostic value. However, a lack of understanding of post-recurrence progression and survival remains. METHODS This retrospective analysis included surgically treated PDAC patients at the NYU-Langone Health (2010-2021). Sites of recurrence were identified at time of diagnosis and further follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox-regression analyses were applied to assess survival outcomes. RESULTS Recurrence occurred in 57.3% (196/342) patients with a median time to recurrence of 11.3 months (95%CI:12.6 to 16.5). First site of recurrence was local in 43.9% patients, liver in 23.5%, peritoneal in 8.7%, lung in 3.6%, while 20.4% had multiple sites of recurrence. Progression to secondary sites was observed in 11.7%. Only lung involvement was associated with significantly longer survival after recurrence compared to other sites (16.9 months vs. 8.49 months, P=0.003). In local recurrence, 21 (33.3%) patients were alive after one year without progression to secondary sites. This was associated with a CA19-9 of <100U/ml at time of primary diagnosis (P=0.039), nodal negative disease (P=0.023), and well-moderate differentiation (P=0.042) compared to patients with progression. CONCLUSION Except for lung recurrence, post-recurrence survival after PDAC resection is associated with poor survival. A subset of patients with local-only recurrence do not quickly succumb to systemic spread. This is associated with markers for favorable tumor biology, making them candidates for potential curative re-resections when feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar F Rompen
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonah Levine
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R Habib
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisabetta Sereni
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Nabiha Mughal
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Brock Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore H Welling
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Kaplan
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Cohen
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ammar A Javed
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kaslow SR, Sacks GD, Berman RS, Lee AY, Correa-Gallego C. Natural History of Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer. Identifying Survival Benchmarks for Curative-intent Resection in Patients With Synchronous Liver-only Metastases. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e798-e804. [PMID: 36353987 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes of patients with stage IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and to identify survival benchmarks for comparison when considering resection in these patients. BACKGROUND Highly selected cohorts of patients with liver-oligometastatic pancreas cancer have reported prolonged survival after resection. The long-term impact of surgery in this setting remains undefined because of a lack of appropriate control groups. METHODS We identified patients with clinical stage IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with synchronous liver metastases within our cancer registry. We estimated overall survival (OS) among various patient subgroups using the Kaplan-Meier method. To mitigate immortal time bias, we analyzed long-term outcomes of patients who survived beyond 12 months (landmark time) from diagnosis. RESULTS We identified 241 patients. Median OS was 7 months (95% CI, 5-9), both overall and for patients with liver-only metastasis (n=144). Ninety patients (38% of liver only; 40% of whole cohort) survived at least 12 months; those who received chemotherapy in this subgroup had a median OS of 26 months (95% CI, 17-39). Of these patients, those with resectable or borderline resectable primary tumors and resectable liver-only metastasis (n=9, 4%) had a median OS of 39 months (95% CI, 13-NR). CONCLUSIONS The 4% of our cohort that were potentially eligible for surgery experienced a prolonged survival compared with all-comers with stage IV disease. Oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing resection of metastatic pancreas cancer should be assessed in the context of the expected survival of patients potentially eligible for surgery and not relative to all patients with stage IV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Kaslow
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY
| | - Camilo Correa-Gallego
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
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Schumm MA, Shu ML, Leung AM, Livhits MJ, Yeh MW, Sacks GD, Wu JX. Patient Preference in Physician Decision-Making for Patients With Low- to Intermediate-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. JAMA Surg 2023; 158:886-888. [PMID: 37133872 PMCID: PMC10157501 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This survey study describes the association between patient preference and physician decision-making in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A. Schumm
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michelle L. Shu
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Angela M. Leung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masha J. Livhits
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael W. Yeh
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Greg D. Sacks
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - James X. Wu
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Kaslow SR, Hani L, Cohen SM, Wolfgang CL, Sacks GD, Berman RS, Lee AY, Correa-Gallego C. Outcomes after primary tumor resection of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: An analysis of the National Cancer Database. J Surg Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37042430 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no consensus regarding the role of primary tumor resection for patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNET). We assessed surgical treatment patterns and evaluated the survival impact of primary tumor resection in patients with metastatic panNET. METHODS Patients with synchronous metastatic nonfunctional panNET in the National Cancer Database (2004-2016) were categorized based on whether they underwent primary tumor resection. We used logistic regressions to assess associations with primary tumor resection. We performed survival analyses with Kaplan-Meier survival functions, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard regression within a propensity score matched cohort. RESULTS In the overall cohort of 2613 patients, 68% (n = 839) underwent primary tumor resection. The proportion of patients who underwent primary tumor resection decreased over time from 36% (2004) to 16% (2016, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching on age at diagnosis, median income quartile, tumor grade, size, liver metastasis, and hospital type, primary tumor resection was associated with longer median overall survival (OS) (65 vs. 24 months; p < 0.001) and was associated with lower hazard of mortality (HR: 0.39, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Primary tumor resection was significantly associated with improved OS, suggesting that, if feasible, surgical resection can be considered for well-selected patients with panNET and synchronous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Kaslow
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leena Hani
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven M Cohen
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camilo Correa-Gallego
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Kaslow SR, He Y, Sacks GD, Berman RS, Lee AY, Correa-Gallego C. Time to Curative-Intent Surgery in Gastric Cancer Shows a Bimodal Relationship with Overall Survival. J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:855-865. [PMID: 36650415 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time to treatment (TTT) varies widely for patients with gastric cancer. We aimed to evaluate relationships between time to treatment, overall survival (OS), and other surgical outcomes in patients with stage I-III gastric cancer. METHODS We identified patients with clinical stage I-III gastric cancer who underwent curative-intent gastrectomy within the National Cancer Database (2006-2015) and grouped them by treatment sequence: neoadjuvant chemotherapy or surgery upfront. We defined TTT as weeks from diagnosis to treatment initiation (neoadjuvant chemotherapy or definitive surgical procedure, respectively). Survival differences were assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimate, Cox proportional hazard regression, and log rank test. RESULTS Among the 22,846 patients with stage I-III gastric cancer, most (56%) received surgery upfront. Median TTT was 5 weeks (IQR 4-7) and 6 weeks (IQR 3-9) for patients in the neoadjuvant and surgery upfront groups, respectively. In the neoadjuvant group, increasing TTT was significantly associated with increasing median OS up to TTT of 5 weeks, with no change in median OS when TTT was > 5 weeks. In the surgery group, increasing TTT was significantly associated with increasing median OS up to 6 weeks; however, increasing TTT between 14 and 21 weeks was associated with decreasing median OS. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between time to treatment and survival outcomes is non-linear. Among patients who underwent surgery upfront, the relationship between time to treatment and OS was bimodal, suggesting that deferring definitive surgery, up to 14 weeks, is not associated with worse OS or oncologic outcomes. The relationship between time to treatment and overall survival among patients was bimodal, suggesting that deferring definitive surgery up to 14 weeks is not associated with worse OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Kaslow
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Yanjie He
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Camilo Correa-Gallego
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Kaslow SR, Hani L, Sacks GD, Lee AY, Berman RS, Correa-Gallego C. Regional Patterns of Hospital-Level Guideline Adherence in Gastric Cancer: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:300-308. [PMID: 36123415 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to evidence-based guidelines for gastric cancer is low, particularly at the hospital level, despite a strong association with improved overall survival (OS). We aimed to evaluate patterns of hospital and regional adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for gastric cancer. METHODS Using the National Cancer Database (2004-2015), we identified patients with stage I-III gastric cancer. Hospital-level guideline adherence was calculated by dividing the patients who received guideline adherent care by the total patients treated at that hospital. OS was estimated for each hospital. Associations between adherence, region, and survival were compared using mixed-effects, hierarchical regression. RESULTS Among 576 hospitals, the median hospital guideline adherence rate was 25% (range 0-76%) and varied significantly by region (p = 0.001). Adherence was highest in the Middle Atlantic (29%) and lowest in the East South Central region (19%); hospitals in the New England, Middle Atlantic, and East North Central regions were more likely to be guideline adherent than those in the East South Central region (all p < 0.05), after adjusting for patient and hospital mix. Most (35%) of the adherence variation was attributable to the hospital. Median 2-year OS varied significantly by region. After adjusting for hospital and patient mix, hazard of mortality was 17% lower in the Middle Atlantic (hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.74-0.90) relative to the East South Central region, with most of the variation (54%) attributable to patient-level factors. CONCLUSIONS Hospital-level guideline adherence for gastric cancer demonstrated significant regional variation and was associated with longer OS, suggesting that efforts to improve guideline adherence should be directed toward lower-performing hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Kaslow
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Leena Hani
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Kaslow SR, Hani L, Sacks GD, Lee AY, Berman RS, Correa-Gallego C. ASO Visual Abstract: Regional Patterns of Hospital-Level Guideline Adherence in Gastric Cancer-An Analysis of the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:311-312. [PMID: 36245050 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Kaslow
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Leena Hani
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Nohria A, Kaslow SR, Hani L, He Y, Sacks GD, Berman RS, Lee AY, Correa-Gallego C. Outcomes After Surgical Palliation of Patients With Gastric Cancer. J Surg Res 2022; 279:304-311. [PMID: 35809355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgery is an option for symptom palliation in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Operative outcomes after palliative interventions are largely unknown. Herein, we assess the trends of surgical palliation use for patients with gastric cancer and describe outcomes of patients undergoing surgical palliation compared to nonsurgical palliation. METHODS Patients with clinical Stage IV gastric cancer in the National Cancer Database (2004-2015) who received surgical or nonsurgical palliation were selected. We identified factors associated with palliative surgery. Survival differences were assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimate, Cox proportional hazard regression, and log rank test. RESULTS Six thousand eight hundred twenty nine patients received palliative care for gastric cancer. Most patients (87%, n = 5944) received nonsurgical palliation: 29% radiation therapy, 57% systemic treatment, and 14% pain management. The number of patients receiving palliative care increased between 2004 and 2015; however, use of surgical palliation declined significantly (22% in 2004, 8% in 2015; P < 0.001). Median overall survival (OS) for the cohort was 5.65 mo (95% confidence interval 5.45-5.85); 1-year and 2-year OS were 24% and 9%, respectively. Older age at diagnosis and diagnosis between 2004 and 2006 were significantly associated with undergoing surgical palliation. Patients who underwent surgical palliation had significantly shorter median OS and a 20% higher hazard of mortality than those who received nonsurgical palliation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with metastatic gastric cancer experience very short survival. While palliative surgery is used infrequently, the observed association with shorter median OS underscores the importance of careful patient selection. Palliative surgery should be offered judiciously and expectations about outcomes clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Nohria
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sarah R Kaslow
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Leena Hani
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yanjie He
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ann Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Camilo Correa-Gallego
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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12
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Schumm MA, Shu ML, Kim J, Tseng CH, Zanocco K, Livhits MJ, Leung AM, Yeh MW, Sacks GD, Wu JX. Perception of risk and treatment decisions in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:247-256. [PMID: 35316538 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The recent de-escalation of care for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has broadened the range of initial treatment options. We examined the association between physicians' perception of risk and their management of DTC. METHODS Thyroid specialists were surveyed with four clinical vignettes: (1) indeterminate nodule (2) tall cell variant papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), (3) papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (mPTC), and (4) classic PTC. Participants judged the operative risks and likelihood of structural cancer recurrence associated with more versus less aggressive treatments. A logistic mixed effect model was used to predict treatment choice. RESULTS Among 183 respondents (13.4% response rate), 44% were surgical and 56% medical thyroid specialists. Risk estimates and treatment recommendation varied markedly in each case. Respondents' estimated risk of 10-year cancer recurrence after lobectomy for a 2.0-cm PTC ranged from 1% to 53% (interquartile range [IQR]: 3%-12%), with 66% recommending lobectomy and 34% total thyroidectomy. Respondents' estimated 5-year risk of metastastic disease during active surveillance of an 0.8-cm mPTC ranged from 0% to 95% (IQR: 4%-15%), with 36% choosing active surveillance. Overall, differences in perceived risk reduction explained 10.3% of the observed variance in decision-making. CONCLUSIONS Most of the variation in thyroid cancer treatment aggressiveness is unrelated to perceived risk of cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Schumm
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle L Shu
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyle Zanocco
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Masha J Livhits
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angela M Leung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael W Yeh
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - James X Wu
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Sacks GD, Dawes AJ, Tsugawa Y, Brook RH, Russell MM, Ko CY, Maggard-Gibbons M, Ettner SL. The Association Between Risk Aversion of Surgeons and Their Clinical Decision-Making. J Surg Res 2021; 268:232-243. [PMID: 34371282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which a surgeon's risk aversion influences their clinical decisions remains unknown. We assessed whether a surgeon's attitude toward risk ("risk aversion") influences their surgical decisions and whether the relationship can be explained by differences in surgeons' perception of treatment risks and benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS We presented a series of detailed clinical vignettes to a national sample of surgeons (n = 1,769; 13.4% adjusted response rate) and asked them to complete an instrument that measured how risk averse they are within their clinical practice (scale 6-36; higher number indicates greater risk aversion). For each vignette, participants rated their likelihood of recommending an operation and judged the likelihood of complications or full recovery. We examined whether differences in perceived likelihood of complications versus recovery could explain why risk-averse surgeons may be less likely to recommend an operation. RESULTS Surgeons varied in their self-reported risk aversion score (median = 25, interquartile range[22,28]). Scores did not differ by level of surgeon experience or gender. Risk-averse surgeons were significantly less likely to recommend an operation for patients with exactly the same condition (65.5% for surgeons in highest quartile of risk aversion versus 62.3% for lowest quartile; P = 0.02). However, after controlling for surgeons' perception of the likelihood of complications versus recovery, there was no longer a significant association between surgeons' risk aversion and the decision to recommend an operation (64.7% versus 64.8%; P = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS Surgeons vary widely in their self-reported risk aversion. Risk-averse surgeons were significantly less likely to recommend an operation, a finding that was explained by a higher perceived probability of post-operative complications than their colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
| | - Aaron J Dawes
- S-SPIRE Center and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yusuke Tsugawa
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert H Brook
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; RAND Corporation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcia M Russell
- Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clifford Y Ko
- Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
- Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan L Ettner
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Monica Morrow
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D. Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - O. Joe Hines
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
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16
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Sacks GD, Shekherdimian S, Jen H, DeUgarte DA, Shew SB, Lee SL. Pediatric Surgeons' Perception of Treatment Risks and Benefits for Perforated Appendicitis. J Am Coll Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.07.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan R Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Justin B Dimick
- Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor4Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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18
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Scott A, Shekherdimian S, Rouch JD, Sacks GD, Dawes AJ, Lui WY, Bridges L, Heisler T, Crain SR, Cheung MKW, Aboulian A. Same-Day Discharge in Laparoscopic Acute Non-Perforated Appendectomy. J Am Coll Surg 2017; 224:43-48. [PMID: 27863889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Sacks GD, Ulloa JG, Shew SB. Is there a relationship between hospital volume and patient outcomes in gastroschisis repair? J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:1650-4. [PMID: 27139881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the well-established relationship between surgical volume and outcomes for many surgical procedures, we examined whether the same relationship exists for gastroschisis closure. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of infants who underwent gastroschisis closure between 1999 and 2007 using a California birth-linked cohort. Hospitals were divided into terciles based on the number of gastroschisis closures performed annually. Using regression techniques, we examined the effects of hospital volume on patient mortality and length of stay while controlling for patient and hospital confounders. RESULTS We identified 1537 infants who underwent gastroschisis repair at 55 hospitals, 4 of which were high-volume and 42 of which were low-volume. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 4.8% and the median length of stay was 46.5days. After controlling for other factors, patients treated at high-volume hospitals had significantly lower odds of inpatient mortality (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.21, 0.76). There was a near-significant trend towards shorter hospital length of stay at highvolume hospitals (p=0.066). CONCLUSIONS Patients who undergo gastroschisis closure at high-volume hospitals in California experience lower odds of in-hospital mortality compared to those treated at low-volume hospitals. These findings offer initial evidence to support policies that limit the number of hospitals providing complex newborn surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System.
| | - Jesus G Ulloa
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stephen B Shew
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Yule
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Greg D. Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles4VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles4VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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21
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Dawes AJ, Sacks GD, Cryer HG, Gruen JP, Preston C, Gorospe D, Cohen M, McArthur DL, Russell MM, Maggard-Gibbons M, Ko CY. Compliance With Evidence-Based Guidelines and Interhospital Variation in Mortality for Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. JAMA Surg 2016. [PMID: 26200744 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Compliance with evidence-based guidelines in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a marker of hospital quality. However, the association between hospital-level compliance rates and risk-adjusted clinical outcomes for patients with TBI remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To examine whether hospital-level compliance with the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines for intracranial pressure monitoring and craniotomy is associated with risk-adjusted mortality rates for patients with severe TBI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS All adult patients (N = 734) who presented to a regional consortium of 14 hospitals from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2010, with severe TBI (ie, blunt head trauma, Glasgow Coma Scale score of <9, and abnormal intracranial findings from computed tomography of the head). Data analysis took place from December 2013 through January 2015. We used hierarchical mixed-effects models to assess the association between hospital-level compliance with Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines and mortality rates after adjusting for patient-level demographics, severity of trauma (eg, mechanism of injury and Injury Severity Score), and TBI-specific variables (eg, cranial nerve reflexes and findings from computed tomography of the head). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hospital-level risk-adjusted inpatient mortality rate and hospital-level compliance with Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines for intracranial pressure monitoring and craniotomy. RESULTS Unadjusted mortality rates varied by site from 20.0% to 50.0% (median, 42.6; interquartile range, 35.5-46.2); risk-adjusted rates varied from 24.3% to 56.7% (median, 41.1; interquartile range, 36.4-47.8). Overall, only 338 of 734 patients (46.1%) with an appropriate indication underwent placement of an intracranial pressure monitor and only 134 of 335 (45.6%) underwent craniotomy. Hospital-level compliance ranged from 9.6% to 65.2% for intracranial pressure monitoring and 6.7% to 76.2% for craniotomy. Despite widespread variation in compliance across hospitals, we found no association between hospital-level compliance rates and risk-adjusted patient outcomes (Spearman ρ = 0.030 [P = .92] for ICP monitoring and Spearman ρ = -0.066 [P = .83] for craniotomy). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Hospital-level compliance with evidence-based guidelines has minimal association with risk-adjusted outcomes in patients with severe TBI. Our results suggest that caution should be taken before using compliance with these measures as independent quality metrics. Given the complexity of TBI care, outcomes-based metrics, including functional recovery, may be more accurate than current process measures at determining hospital quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Dawes
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)2Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, UCLA3Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)2Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, UCLA
| | - H Gill Cryer
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - J Peter Gruen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Christy Preston
- Emergency Medical Services Agency, County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deidre Gorospe
- Emergency Medical Services Agency, County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marilyn Cohen
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - David L McArthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Marcia M Russell
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)3Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)3Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clifford Y Ko
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)3Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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22
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Sacks GD, Lawson EH, Dawes AJ, Russell MM, Maggard-Gibbons M, Zingmond DS, Ko CY. Relationship Between Hospital Performance on a Patient Satisfaction Survey and Surgical Quality. JAMA Surg 2015; 150:858-64. [PMID: 26108091 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services include patient experience as a core component of its Value-Based Purchasing program, which ties financial incentives to hospital performance on a range of quality measures. However, it remains unclear whether patient satisfaction is an accurate marker of high-quality surgical care. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hospital performance on a patient satisfaction survey is associated with objective measures of surgical quality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective observational study of participating American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS NSQIP) hospitals. We used data from a linked database of Medicare inpatient claims, ACS NSQIP, the American Hospital Association annual survey, and Hospital Compare from December 2, 2004, through December 31, 2008. A total of 103 866 patients older than 65 years undergoing inpatient surgery were included. Hospitals were grouped by quartile based on their performance on the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey. Controlling for preoperative risk factors, we created hierarchical logistic regression models to predict the occurrence of adverse postoperative outcomes based on a hospital's patient satisfaction scores. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Thirty-day postoperative mortality, major and minor complications, failure to rescue, and hospital readmission. RESULTS Of the 180 hospitals, the overall mean patient satisfaction score was 68.0% (first quartile mean, 58.7%; fourth quartile mean, 76.7%). Compared with patients treated at hospitals in the lowest quartile, those at the highest quartile had significantly lower risk-adjusted odds of death (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99), failure to rescue (odds ratio = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96), and minor complication (odds ratio = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75-0.99). This translated to relative risk reductions of 11.1% (P = .04), 12.6% (P = .02), and 11.5% (P = .04), respectively. No significant relationship was noted between patient satisfaction and either major complication or hospital readmission. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Using a national sample of hospitals, we demonstrated a significant association between patient satisfaction scores and several objective measures of surgical quality. Our findings suggest that payment policies that incentivize better patient experience do not require hospitals to sacrifice performance on other quality measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles2VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elise H Lawson
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles2VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron J Dawes
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles2VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcia M Russell
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles2VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles2VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - David S Zingmond
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Clifford Y Ko
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles2VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Steiner
- Center for Delivery, Organization and Markets, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | - Pamela L Owens
- Center for Delivery, Organization and Markets, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland
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Wu JX, Dawes AJ, Sacks GD, Brunicardi FC, Keeler EB. Cost effectiveness of nonoperative management versus laparoscopic appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Surgery 2015. [PMID: 26195106 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendectomy remains the gold standard in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated appendicitis in the United States. Nonetheless, there is growing evidence that nonoperative management is safe and efficacious. METHODS We constructed a decision tree to compare nonoperative management of appendicitis with laparoscopic appendectomy in otherwise healthy adults. Model variables were abstracted from a literature review, data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data, the Medicare Physician Fee schedule, and the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator. Uncertainty surrounding parameters of the model was assessed via 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Operative management cost $12,213 per patient. Nonoperative management without interval appendectomy (IA) was the dominant strategy, costing $1,865 less and producing 0.03 more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Nonoperative management with IA cost $4,271 more than operative management, but yielded only 0.01 additional QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis suggested operative management would become the preferred strategy if the recurrence rate was >40.5% or the total cost of appendectomy was decreased to <$5,468. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed nonoperative management without IA was the preferred strategy in 95.6% of cases. CONCLUSION Nonoperative management without IA is the least costly, most effective treatment for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis and warrants further evaluation in a disease thought to be definitively surgical.
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Affiliation(s)
- James X Wu
- Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Aaron J Dawes
- Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Emmett B Keeler
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Jonathan R Hiatt
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles
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26
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Sacks GD, Shannon EM, Dawes AJ, Rollo JC, Nguyen DK, Russell MM, Ko CY, Maggard-Gibbons MA. Teamwork, communication and safety climate: a systematic review of interventions to improve surgical culture. BMJ Qual Saf 2015; 24:458-67. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Stey AM, Russell MM, Ko CY, Sacks GD, Dawes AJ, Gibbons MM. Clinical registries and quality measurement in surgery: a systematic review. Surgery 2015; 157:381-95. [PMID: 25616951 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical clinical registries provide clinical information with the intent of measuring and improving quality. This study aimed to describe how surgical clinical registries have been used to measure surgical quality, the reported findings, and the limitations of registry measurements. METHODS Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane were queried for English articles with the terms: "registry AND surgery AND quality." Eligibility criteria were studies explicitly assessing quality measurement with registries as the primary data source. Studies were abstracted to identify registries, define registry structure, uses for quality measurement, and limitations of the measurements used. RESULTS A total of 111 studies of 18 registries were identified for data abstraction. Two registries were financed privately, and 5 registries were financed by a governmental organization. Across registries, the most common uses of process measures were for monitoring providers and as platforms for quality improvement initiatives. The most common uses of outcome measures were to improve quality modeling and to identify preoperative risk factors for poor outcomes. Eight studies noted improvements in risk-adjusted mortality with registry participation; one found no change. A major limitation is bias from context and means of data collection threatening internal validity of registry quality measurement. Conversely, the other major limitation is the cost of participation, which threatens the external validity of registry quality measurement. CONCLUSION Clinical registries have advanced surgical quality definition, measurement, and modeling as well as having served as platforms for local initiatives for quality improvement. The implication of this finding is that subsidizing registry participation may improve data validity as well as engage providers in quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Stey
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Marcia M Russell
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Clifford Y Ko
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL
| | - Greg D Sacks
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aaron J Dawes
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melinda M Gibbons
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Snyder E, Amado V, Jacobe M, Sacks GD, Bruzoni M, Mapasse D, DeUgarte DA. General surgical services at an urban teaching hospital in Mozambique. J Surg Res 2015; 198:340-5. [PMID: 25940163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As surgery becomes incorporated into global health programs, it will be critical for clinicians to take into account already existing surgical care systems within low-income countries. To inform future efforts to expand the local system and systems in comparable regions of the developing world, we aimed to describe current patterns of surgical care at a major urban teaching hospital in Mozambique. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all general surgery patients treated between August 2012 and August 2013 at the Hospital Central Maputo in Maputo, Mozambique. We reviewed emergency and elective surgical logbooks, inpatient discharge records, and death records to report case volume, disease etiology, and mortality. RESULTS There were 1598 operations (910 emergency and 688 elective) and 2606 patient discharges during our study period. The most common emergent surgeries were for nontrauma laparotomy (22%) followed by all trauma procedures (18%), whereas the most common elective surgery was hernia repair (31%). The majority of lower extremity amputations were above knee (69%). The most common diagnostic categories for inpatients were infectious (31%), trauma (18%), hernia (12%), neoplasm (10%), and appendicitis (5%). The mortality rate was 5.6% (146 deaths), approximately half of which were related to sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the general surgery caseload of a large, academic, urban training and referral center in Mozambique. We describe resource limitations that impact operative capacity, trauma care, and management of amputations and cancer. These findings highlight challenges that are applicable to a broad range of global surgery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Snyder
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Vanda Amado
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Central de Maputo, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Faculdade de Medicina, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mário Jacobe
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Central de Maputo, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Faculdade de Medicina, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matias Bruzoni
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Domingos Mapasse
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Central de Maputo, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Faculdade de Medicina, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Daniel A DeUgarte
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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Dawes AJ, Hemmelgarn M, Nguyen DK, Sacks GD, Clayton SM, Cope JR, Ganz PA, Maggard-Gibbons M. Are primary care providers prepared to care for survivors of breast cancer in the safety net? Cancer 2014; 121:1249-56. [PMID: 25536301 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing number of survivors of breast cancer outpacing the capacity of oncology providers, there is pressure to transition patients back to primary care. Primary care providers (PCPs) working in safety-net settings may have less experience treating survivors, and little is known about their knowledge and views on survivorship care. The current study was performed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and confidence of PCPs in the safety net at delivering care to survivors of breast cancer. METHODS A modified version of the National Cancer Institute's Survey of Physician Attitudes Regarding Care of Cancer Survivors was given to providers at 2 county hospitals and 5 associated clinics (59 providers). Focus groups were held to understand barriers to survivorship care. RESULTS Although the majority of providers believed PCPs have the skills necessary to provide cancer-related follow-up, the vast majority were not comfortable providing these services themselves. Providers were adherent to American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations for mammography (98%) and physical examination (87%); less than one-third were guideline-concordant for laboratory testing and only 6 providers (10%) met all recommendations. PCPs universally requested additional training on clinical guidelines and the provision of written survivorship care plans before transfer. Concerns voiced in qualitative sessions included unfamiliarity with the management of endocrine therapy and confusion regarding who would be responsible for certain aspects of care. CONCLUSIONS Safety-net providers currently lack knowledge of and confidence in providing survivorship care to patients with breast cancer. Opportunities exist for additional training in evidence-based guidelines and improved coordination of care between PCPs and oncology specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Dawes
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Dawes A, Sacks GD, Cryer GH, Preston C, Gorospe D, Gruen PJ, Garrett M, Maggard Gibbons MA, Russell MM, Ko CY. Can we improve prediction models for mortality in severe traumatic brain injury? J Am Coll Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sacks GD, Lawson EH, Dawes AJ, Russell MM, Gibbons M, Ko CY. Do Hospitals Vary In Their Utilization Of Post-Acute Care Services After Colectomy? J Am Coll Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sacks GD, Dawes AJ, Russell MM, Lin AY, Maggard-Gibbons M, Winograd D, Chung HR, Tomlinson J, Tillou A, Shew SB, Hiyama DT, Cryer HG, Brunicardi FC, Hiatt JR, Ko C. Evaluation of Hospital Readmissions in Surgical Patients. JAMA Surg 2014; 149:759-64. [DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg D. Sacks
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Aaron J. Dawes
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Marcia M. Russell
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)2Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anne Y. Lin
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)2Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah Winograd
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Hallie R. Chung
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - James Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)2Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Areti Tillou
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Stephen B. Shew
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Darryl T. Hiyama
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - H. Gill Cryer
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - F. Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Jonathan R. Hiatt
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Clifford Ko
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)2Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Sacks GD, Diggs BS, Hadjizacharia P, Green D, Salim A, Malinoski DJ. Reducing the rate of catheter-associated bloodstream infections in a surgical intensive care unit using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement central line bundle. Am J Surg 2014; 207:817-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Acquired neonatal lung lesions including pneumatoceles, cystic bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema can cause extrinsic mediastinal compression, which may impair pulmonary and cardiac function. Acquired lung lesions are typically managed medically. Here we report a case series of three extremely premature infants with acquired lung lesions. All three patients underwent aggressive medical management and ultimately required tube thoracostomies. These interventions were unsuccessful and emergency thoracotomies were performed in each case. Two infants with acquired pneumatoceles underwent unroofing of the cystic structure and primary repair of a bronchial defect. The third infant with pulmonary interstitial emphysema, arising from cystic bronchopulmonary dysplasia, required a middle lobectomy for severe and diffuse cystic disease. When medical management fails, tube thoracostomy can be attempted, leaving surgical intervention for refractory cases. Surgical options include oversewing a bronchial defect in the setting of a bronchopleural fistula or lung resection in cases of an isolated expanding lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Sacks
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, P. O. Box 709818, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7098, USA
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Sacks GD, Dawes AJ, Russell MM, Lin AY, Gibbons MM, Tillou A, TomLinson JS, Hiyama DT, Hiatt JR, Ko CY. All-cause surgical readmissions: Does administrative data tell the real story? J Am Coll Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.06.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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