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Scharbert J, Humberg S, Kroencke L, Reiter T, Sakel S, Ter Horst J, Utesch K, Gosling SD, Harari G, Matz SC, Schoedel R, Stachl C, Aguilar NMA, Amante D, Aquino SD, Bastias F, Bornamanesh A, Bracegirdle C, Campos LAM, Chauvin B, Coetzee N, Dorfman A, Dos Santos M, El-Haddad RW, Fajkowska M, Göncü-Köse A, Gnisci A, Hadjisolomou S, Hale WW, Katzir M, Khechuashvili L, Kirchner-Häusler A, Kotzur PF, Kritzler S, Lu JG, Machado GDS, Martskvishvili K, Mottola F, Obschonka M, Paolini S, Perugini M, Rohmer O, Saeedian Y, Sergi I, Shani M, Skimina E, Smillie LD, Talaifar S, Talhelm T, Tokat T, Torres A, Torres CV, Van Assche J, Wei L, Yalçın A, van Zalk M, Bühner M, Back MD. Psychological well-being in Europe after the outbreak of war in Ukraine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1202. [PMID: 38378761 PMCID: PMC10879508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has had devastating effects on the Ukrainian population and the global economy, environment, and political order. However, little is known about the psychological states surrounding the outbreak of war, particularly the mental well-being of individuals outside Ukraine. Here, we present a longitudinal experience-sampling study of a convenience sample from 17 European countries (total participants = 1,341, total assessments = 44,894, countries with >100 participants = 5) that allows us to track well-being levels across countries during the weeks surrounding the outbreak of war. Our data show a significant decline in well-being on the day of the Russian invasion. Recovery over the following weeks was associated with an individual's personality but was not statistically significantly associated with their age, gender, subjective social status, and political orientation. In general, well-being was lower on days when the war was more salient on social media. Our results demonstrate the need to consider the psychological implications of the Russo-Ukrainian war next to its humanitarian, economic, and ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Scharbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Sarah Humberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lara Kroencke
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Reiter
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Sakel
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Ter Horst
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katharina Utesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Samuel D Gosling
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Ramona Schoedel
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Stachl
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natalia M A Aguilar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Dayana Amante
- Research Institute in Basic and Applied Psychology, Catholic University of Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Sibele D Aquino
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franco Bastias
- Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality", University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alireza Bornamanesh
- Psychiatry Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Luís A M Campos
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Bruno Chauvin
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicoleen Coetzee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna Dorfman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Monika Dos Santos
- Department of Psychology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rita W El-Haddad
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, American University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Asli Göncü-Köse
- Department of Psychology, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Augusto Gnisci
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stavros Hadjisolomou
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, American University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait
| | - William W Hale
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maayan Katzir
- Conflict Resolution, Management, and Negotiation Graduate Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lili Khechuashvili
- Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Sarah Kritzler
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jackson G Lu
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Gustavo D S Machado
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Khatuna Martskvishvili
- Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Francesca Mottola
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Martin Obschonka
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Odile Rohmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yasser Saeedian
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Ida Sergi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maor Shani
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ewa Skimina
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luke D Smillie
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sanaz Talaifar
- Department of Management & Entrepreneurship, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Thomas Talhelm
- Booth School of Business, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Tülüce Tokat
- Human Sciences Department, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Ana Torres
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Claudio V Torres
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology (CESCUP), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liuqing Wei
- Department of Psychology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aslı Yalçın
- Department of Psychology, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maarten van Zalk
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Markus Bühner
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mitja D Back
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment (JICE), University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Münster, Germany
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