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Scharbert J, Humberg S, Kroencke L, Reiter T, Sakel S, Ter Horst J, Utesch K, Gosling SD, Harari G, Matz SC, Schoedel R, Stachl C, Aguilar NMA, Amante D, Aquino SD, Bastias F, Bornamanesh A, Bracegirdle C, Campos LAM, Chauvin B, Coetzee N, Dorfman A, Dos Santos M, El-Haddad RW, Fajkowska M, Göncü-Köse A, Gnisci A, Hadjisolomou S, Hale WW, Katzir M, Khechuashvili L, Kirchner-Häusler A, Kotzur PF, Kritzler S, Lu JG, Machado GDS, Martskvishvili K, Mottola F, Obschonka M, Paolini S, Perugini M, Rohmer O, Saeedian Y, Sergi I, Shani M, Skimina E, Smillie LD, Talaifar S, Talhelm T, Tokat T, Torres A, Torres CV, Van Assche J, Wei L, Yalçın A, van Zalk M, Bühner M, Back MD. Psychological well-being in Europe after the outbreak of war in Ukraine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1202. [PMID: 38378761 PMCID: PMC10879508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has had devastating effects on the Ukrainian population and the global economy, environment, and political order. However, little is known about the psychological states surrounding the outbreak of war, particularly the mental well-being of individuals outside Ukraine. Here, we present a longitudinal experience-sampling study of a convenience sample from 17 European countries (total participants = 1,341, total assessments = 44,894, countries with >100 participants = 5) that allows us to track well-being levels across countries during the weeks surrounding the outbreak of war. Our data show a significant decline in well-being on the day of the Russian invasion. Recovery over the following weeks was associated with an individual's personality but was not statistically significantly associated with their age, gender, subjective social status, and political orientation. In general, well-being was lower on days when the war was more salient on social media. Our results demonstrate the need to consider the psychological implications of the Russo-Ukrainian war next to its humanitarian, economic, and ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Scharbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Sarah Humberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lara Kroencke
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Reiter
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Sakel
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Ter Horst
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katharina Utesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Samuel D Gosling
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Ramona Schoedel
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Stachl
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natalia M A Aguilar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Dayana Amante
- Research Institute in Basic and Applied Psychology, Catholic University of Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Sibele D Aquino
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franco Bastias
- Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality", University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alireza Bornamanesh
- Psychiatry Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Luís A M Campos
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Bruno Chauvin
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicoleen Coetzee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna Dorfman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Monika Dos Santos
- Department of Psychology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rita W El-Haddad
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, American University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Asli Göncü-Köse
- Department of Psychology, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Augusto Gnisci
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stavros Hadjisolomou
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, American University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait
| | - William W Hale
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maayan Katzir
- Conflict Resolution, Management, and Negotiation Graduate Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lili Khechuashvili
- Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Sarah Kritzler
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jackson G Lu
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Gustavo D S Machado
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Khatuna Martskvishvili
- Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Francesca Mottola
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Martin Obschonka
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Odile Rohmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yasser Saeedian
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Ida Sergi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maor Shani
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ewa Skimina
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luke D Smillie
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sanaz Talaifar
- Department of Management & Entrepreneurship, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Thomas Talhelm
- Booth School of Business, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Tülüce Tokat
- Human Sciences Department, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Ana Torres
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Claudio V Torres
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology (CESCUP), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liuqing Wei
- Department of Psychology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aslı Yalçın
- Department of Psychology, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maarten van Zalk
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Markus Bühner
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mitja D Back
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment (JICE), University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Münster, Germany
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Van Assche J, Swart H, Schmid K, Dhont K, Al Ramiah A, Christ O, Kauff M, Rothmann S, Savelkoul M, Tausch N, Wölfer R, Zahreddine S, Saleem M, Hewstone M. Intergroup contact is reliably associated with reduced prejudice, even in the face of group threat and discrimination. Am Psychol 2023; 78:761-774. [PMID: 36892922 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Intergroup contact provides a reliable means of reducing prejudice. Yet, critics suggested that its efficacy is undermined, even eliminated, under certain conditions. Specifically, contact may be ineffective in the face of threat, especially to (historically) advantaged groups, and discrimination, experienced especially by (historically) disadvantaged groups. We considered perceived intergroup threat and perceived discrimination as potential moderators of the effect of contact on prejudice. Two meta-analyses of correlational data from 34 studies (totaling 63,945 respondents-drawn from 67 subsamples across 19 countries) showed that contact was associated with decreased prejudice and increased out-group positivity, in cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, among advantaged and disadvantaged group members, and in both Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) and non-WEIRD contexts. Both perceived threat and perceived discrimination moderated the contact-attitude association, but in an unanticipated direction. Indeed, contact's beneficial effects were at least as strong among individuals high (r = .19) as among individuals low (r = .18) in perceived threat. Similarly, the effects of contact were at least as strong among those high (r = .23) as among those low (r = .20) in perceived discrimination. We conclude that contact is effective for promoting tolerant societies because it is effective even among subpopulations where achieving that goal might be most challenging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Tausch
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews
| | - Ralf Wölfer
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Integrations- und Migrationsforschung
| | - Sarah Zahreddine
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Universite Libre de Bruxelles
| | - Muniba Saleem
- Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Miles Hewstone
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
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Politi E, Van Assche J, Lüders A, Sankaran S, Anderson J, Green EG. Does threat trigger prosociality? The relation between basic individual values, threat appraisals, and prosocial helping intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Psychol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37359649 PMCID: PMC10262135 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Prosociality is often considered as quintessential in coping with the threats of health emergencies. As previous research has suggested, prosocial behaviors are shaped by both dispositional factors and situational cues about the helping situation. In the present research, we investigated whether "bonding" types of prosociality, helping directed towards close others within one's social network, and "bridging" types of prosociality, helping directed towards vulnerable people across group boundaries, are predicted by basic individual values and threat appraisals concerning COVID-19. During the pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the US and India (Ntotal = 954), using the Schwartz value inventory and a multifaceted measure of threat assessment to predict prosocial helping intentions. After controlling for other value and threat facets, self-transcendence values and threat for vulnerable groups uniquely predicted both bonding and bridging types of prosociality. Furthermore, threat for vulnerable groups partially mediated the effect of self-transcendence on prosocial helping intentions: People who endorsed self-transcendent values were particularly concerned by the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups, and thus willing to engage in prosocial behaviours to help those in need. Our findings support the idea that prosociality is stimulated by empathic concerns towards others in need and underline the importance for future research to consider the broad spectrum of threats appraised by people during health emergencies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04829-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Politi
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 B, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adrian Lüders
- Department of Communication Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sindhuja Sankaran
- Center for Social Cognitive Studies, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Kraków, Poland
- Psychology institute, Sai University, Channai, India
| | - Joel Anderson
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eva G.T. Green
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Van Assche J, Ardaya Velarde S, Van Hiel A, Roets A. Trust is in the eye of the beholder: How perceptions of local diversity and segregation shape social cohesion. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1036646. [PMID: 36733874 PMCID: PMC9887315 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A more nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between ethnic diversity and social cohesion is needed. Ever since Robert Putnam (2007) has put forward the highly contested constrict claim holding that diversity is related to less trust and more social withdrawing, hundreds of follow-up studies across the globe have been conducted. In the present contribution, we investigated the association between diversity and "hunkering down" in the Netherlands, hereby taking into account the role of segregation. Indeed, Uslaner (2012) pointed to local segregation as the true motor of the so-called diversity effects on intergroup relations in general, and trust in others in particular. We did not only investigate objective indicators of diversity and segregation, but also added an "eye of the beholder" perspective by probing into the subjective perceptions of these variables. Specifically, in a stratified community sample of 680 Dutch ethnic-cultural majority members (52% male, mean age 51), we assessed the additive and interactive effects of four variables (objective diversity, perceived diversity, objective segregation, and perceived segregation) at the municipal level in the prediction of three outcomes (generalized trust, ingroup trust, and outgroup trust). The results revealed three interesting patterns. First, neither of the objective indicators of diversity and segregation, nor their interaction effect significantly predicted any type of trust. Second, higher perceptions of diversity and higher perceptions of segregation were negatively associated with outgroup trust (but not with generalized and ingroup trust). Third, and most importantly, there was a significant interaction effect between perceived diversity and perceived segregation, indicating that simultaneous perceptions of high levels of diversity and high levels of segregation were related to the lowest levels of trust in other ethnic-cultural groups. These findings shed a more nuanced light on the diversity debate, showing that perceptions of segregation shape diversity effects. In sum, the present study shows that perceived rather than objective indicators of diversity and segregation matter, and that both diversity and segregation should be taken into account when it comes to social cohesion in general, and trust in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Center for Social and Cultural Psychology (CESCUP), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium,*Correspondence: Jasper Van Assche, ✉
| | - Sofia Ardaya Velarde
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology (CESCUP), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Breznau N, Rinke EM, Wuttke A, Nguyen HHV, Adem M, Adriaans J, Alvarez-Benjumea A, Andersen HK, Auer D, Azevedo F, Bahnsen O, Balzer D, Bauer G, Bauer PC, Baumann M, Baute S, Benoit V, Bernauer J, Berning C, Berthold A, Bethke FS, Biegert T, Blinzler K, Blumenberg JN, Bobzien L, Bohman A, Bol T, Bostic A, Brzozowska Z, Burgdorf K, Burger K, Busch KB, Carlos-Castillo J, Chan N, Christmann P, Connelly R, Czymara CS, Damian E, Ecker A, Edelmann A, Eger MA, Ellerbrock S, Forke A, Forster A, Gaasendam C, Gavras K, Gayle V, Gessler T, Gnambs T, Godefroidt A, Grömping M, Groß M, Gruber S, Gummer T, Hadjar A, Heisig JP, Hellmeier S, Heyne S, Hirsch M, Hjerm M, Hochman O, Hövermann A, Hunger S, Hunkler C, Huth N, Ignácz ZS, Jacobs L, Jacobsen J, Jaeger B, Jungkunz S, Jungmann N, Kauff M, Kleinert M, Klinger J, Kolb JP, Kołczyńska M, Kuk J, Kunißen K, Kurti Sinatra D, Langenkamp A, Lersch PM, Löbel LM, Lutscher P, Mader M, Madia JE, Malancu N, Maldonado L, Marahrens H, Martin N, Martinez P, Mayerl J, Mayorga OJ, McManus P, McWagner K, Meeusen C, Meierrieks D, Mellon J, Merhout F, Merk S, Meyer D, Micheli L, Mijs J, Moya C, Neunhoeffer M, Nüst D, Nygård O, Ochsenfeld F, Otte G, Pechenkina AO, Prosser C, Raes L, Ralston K, Ramos MR, Roets A, Rogers J, Ropers G, Samuel R, Sand G, Schachter A, Schaeffer M, Schieferdecker D, Schlueter E, Schmidt R, Schmidt KM, Schmidt-Catran A, Schmiedeberg C, Schneider J, Schoonvelde M, Schulte-Cloos J, Schumann S, Schunck R, Schupp J, Seuring J, Silber H, Sleegers W, Sonntag N, Staudt A, Steiber N, Steiner N, Sternberg S, Stiers D, Stojmenovska D, Storz N, Striessnig E, Stroppe AK, Teltemann J, Tibajev A, Tung B, Vagni G, Van Assche J, van der Linden M, van der Noll J, Van Hootegem A, Vogtenhuber S, Voicu B, Wagemans F, Wehl N, Werner H, Wiernik BM, Winter F, Wolf C, Yamada Y, Zhang N, Ziller C, Zins S, Żółtak T. Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203150119. [PMID: 36306328 PMCID: PMC9636921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203150119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores how researchers' analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers' expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each team's workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers' results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Breznau
- Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy (SOCIUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Eike Mark Rinke
- School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Wuttke
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Political Science, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hung H. V. Nguyen
- Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy (SOCIUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Muna Adem
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Jule Adriaans
- Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amalia Alvarez-Benjumea
- Mechanisms of Normative Change, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrik K. Andersen
- Institute of Sociology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Daniel Auer
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Flavio Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Oke Bahnsen
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dave Balzer
- Institute of Sociology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerrit Bauer
- Department of Sociology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80801 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul C. Bauer
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Baumann
- Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Political Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharon Baute
- Comparative Political Economy, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Verena Benoit
- Department of Political Science, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration, University of Bamberg, 96052 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Julian Bernauer
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carl Berning
- Institute for Political Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Berthold
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration, University of Bamberg, 96052 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Felix S. Bethke
- Research Department on Intrastate Conflict, Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, 60329 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Biegert
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Blinzler
- Survey Data Curation, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS), 50667 Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes N. Blumenberg
- Knowledge Exchange and Outreach, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS), 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Licia Bobzien
- Jacques Delors Centre, Hertie School, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Bohman
- Department of Sociology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thijs Bol
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amie Bostic
- Department of Sociology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520
| | - Zuzanna Brzozowska
- Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian National Public Health Institute, Gesundheit Österreich (GÖG), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burgdorf
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kaspar Burger
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Sociology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan Carlos-Castillo
- Department of Sociology, University of Chile, Santiago, 7800284, Chile
- Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (COES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Nathan Chan
- Department of Political Science and International Relations, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Pablo Christmann
- Data and Research on Society, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roxanne Connelly
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elena Damian
- Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Ecker
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Maureen A. Eger
- Department of Sociology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Simon Ellerbrock
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Forster
- Empirical Educational and Higher Education Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris Gaasendam
- Department of Sociology, Center for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Konstantin Gavras
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vernon Gayle
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa Gessler
- Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, European University Viadrina, 15230 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Timo Gnambs
- Educational Measurement, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, 96047 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Amélie Godefroidt
- Centre for Research on Peace and Development, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Grömping
- School of Government and International Relations, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Martin Groß
- Department of Sociology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gruber
- Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Gummer
- Data and Research on Society, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Hadjar
- University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut (WSI), Hans Böckler Foundation, 40474 Düsseldorf, Germany
- University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Paul Heisig
- University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen,The Netherlands
- Research Group "Health and Social Inequality", Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hellmeier
- Transformations of Democracy Unit, Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heyne
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hirsch
- Research Unit Migration, Integration, Transnationalization, Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikael Hjerm
- Department of Sociology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oshrat Hochman
- Data and Research on Society, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Hövermann
- Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut (WSI), Hans Böckler Foundation, 40474 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Socio-Economic Panel Survey, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Hunger
- Center for Civil Society Research, Berlin Social Science Center, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hunkler
- Berlin Institute for Integration and Migration Research (BIM), Humboldt University Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Huth
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Zsófia S. Ignácz
- Institute of Sociology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura Jacobs
- Department of Political Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jannes Jacobsen
- Zeppelin University, 88045 Friedrichshafen, Germany
- Cluster "Data-Methods-Monitoring", German Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM),10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Jaeger
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Jungkunz
- Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Institute of Political Science, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Chair of Political Sociology, University of Bamberg, 96052 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Nils Jungmann
- Survey Data Curation, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS), 50667 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Kauff
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Kleinert
- Institute of Sociology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Klinger
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Kolb
- Federal Statistics Office Germany, Destatis, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Marta Kołczyńska
- Department of Research on Social and Institutional Transformations, Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-625 Warsaw, Poland
| | - John Kuk
- Department of Political Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Katharina Kunißen
- Institute of Sociology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Philipp M. Lersch
- Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea-Maria Löbel
- Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutscher
- Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, 0851 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias Mader
- Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joan E. Madia
- Department of Sociology, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 1JD, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Natalia Malancu
- The Institute of Citizenship Studies (InCite), University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Maldonado
- Instituto de Sociologia, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Helge Marahrens
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Nicole Martin
- Department of Politics, University of Manchester, Manchester, M19 2JS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Martinez
- Department of Institutional Research, Western Governors University, Salt Lake City, UT 84107
| | - Jochen Mayerl
- Institute of Sociology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oscar J. Mayorga
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Patricia McManus
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Kyle McWagner
- Department of Political Science, The University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Cecil Meeusen
- Department of Sociology, Center for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Meierrieks
- Research Unit Migration, Integration, Transnationalization, Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mellon
- Department of Politics, University of Manchester, Manchester, M19 2JS, United Kingdom
| | - Friedolin Merhout
- Department of Sociology and Centre for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel Merk
- Department of School Development, University of Education Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Department of Education and Social Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leticia Micheli
- Department of Psychology III, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mijs
- Department of Sociology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Cristóbal Moya
- Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Neunhoeffer
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Nüst
- Department of Geosciences, University of Münster, 49149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olav Nygård
- Division of Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO), Linköping University, 60174 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fabian Ochsenfeld
- Administrative Headquarters, Max Planck Society, 80539 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Otte
- Institute of Sociology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Prosser
- Department of Politics, International Relations and Philosophy, Royal Holloway University of London, London, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Raes
- Department of Economics, Tilburg University, 5037AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Ralston
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel R. Ramos
- Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Rogers
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 10276, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guido Ropers
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robin Samuel
- University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gregor Sand
- Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ariela Schachter
- Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Merlin Schaeffer
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Schieferdecker
- Institute for Media and Communication Studies, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elmar Schlueter
- Institute of Sociology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Regine Schmidt
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration, University of Bamberg, 96052 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Katja M. Schmidt
- Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Schneider
- Tübingen School of Education, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martijn Schoonvelde
- University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of European Languages and Cultures, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Schulte-Cloos
- Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, 50133 Florence, Italy
| | - Sandy Schumann
- Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London,WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard Schunck
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schupp
- Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Seuring
- Department of Migration, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, 96047 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Henning Silber
- Department of Survey Design and Methodology, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS), 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Willem Sleegers
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Sonntag
- Institute of Sociology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Nadia Steiber
- Department of Sociology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nils Steiner
- Institute for Political Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Stiers
- Center for Political Science Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dragana Stojmenovska
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Storz
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erich Striessnig
- Department of Demography, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne-Kathrin Stroppe
- Survey Data Curation, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS), 50667 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janna Teltemann
- Institute for Social Sciences, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Andrey Tibajev
- Division of Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO), Linköping University, 60174 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Brian Tung
- Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Giacomo Vagni
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meta van der Linden
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arno Van Hootegem
- Department of Sociology, Center for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vogtenhuber
- Education and Employment, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1080 Austria
| | - Bogdan Voicu
- Research Institute for Quality of Life, Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Sociology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Fieke Wagemans
- Netherlands Institute for Social Research, 2500 BD The Hague, the Netherlands
- Policy Perspectives, Citizen Perspectives, and Behaviors, Netherlands Institute for Social Research, 2594 The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja Wehl
- Research Cluster "The Politics of Inequality", University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hannah Werner
- Center for Political Science Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabian Winter
- Mechanisms of Normative Change, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christof Wolf
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- President, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS), 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nan Zhang
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Conrad Ziller
- Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Political Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zins
- Institute for Employment Research, Federal Employment Agency, 90478 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Żółtak
- Department of Research on Social and Institutional Transformations, Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-625 Warsaw, Poland
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Amin A, Van Assche J, Abdelrahman M, McCashin D, Al-Adwan D, Hasan Y. Can Identity Buffer Against the Detrimental Effects of Threat? The Case of the Qatar Blockade. Front Psychol 2022; 13:750471. [PMID: 35432059 PMCID: PMC9007157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.750471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, the blockade of Qatar Gulf states caused a plethora of effects on the country. This paper sought to examine the resulting threat effects of this blockade in terms of lowered self-esteem and well-being, and the potential buffering effects of an overarching identity. Using self-report questionnaire data from Qatari secondary school students (N = 1,410), multiple moderated mediation models investigated the predictive effects of youngsters' perceived threat, via self-esteem, on their well-being, and the mitigating roles herein of, respectively, national, Gulf region, and Arab identity. Perceived threat was indeed related to lower well-being via lower self-esteem, and this relationship was equally strong for those low and high in social identity. In terms of the three facets of identity, the overarching Gulf identity seems the most predictive, and it even (marginally significantly) buffers the negative relationship between threat and reduced self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzam Amin
- Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Youssef Hasan
- Psychology Program, Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Politi E, Lüders A, Sankaran S, Anderson J, Van Assche J, Spiritus-Beerden E, Roblain A, Phalet K, Derluyn I, Verelst A, Green EGT. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Majority Population, Ethno-Racial Minorities, and Immigrants. European Psychologist 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an unprecedented threat for individuals and societies, revealing stark inequalities in preparedness, exposure, and consequences. The present systematic literature review complements extant knowledge on disasters and pandemic diseases with programmatic research on the COVID-19 pandemic. Building upon an integrative definition of threat, we merge intra-personal threat regulation with group dynamics and inter-group relations. Via streamlined methods of knowledge synthesis, we first map out a broad taxonomy of threats, as appraised by the majority population and ethno-racial and immigrant minorities. Second, we delve into research linking threat appraisals with either conflict or prosociality within and across group boundaries. To conclude, we propose some guidelines for researchers to involve ethno-racial and immigrant minorities actively and for societies to cope cohesively with the impact of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Politi
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Social Psychology Lab, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lüders
- Center for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Joel Anderson
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Antoine Roblain
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Karen Phalet
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Derluyn
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - An Verelst
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, Belgium
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8
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Van Assche J, Bahamondes J, Sibley C. Religion and Prejudice Across Cultures: A Test of the Threat-Constraint Model. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550620920966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present set of studies investigated the role of being religious in the prediction of various forms of prejudice. Following the threat-constraint model, we predicted that contexts characterized by high threat attenuate—or constrain—the relationship between individual differences in being religious on the one hand and antigay prejudice and sexism on the other. A worldwide investigation of these regional constraints was conducted in the Americas Barometer (125,984 individuals nested in 20 countries; Study 1), the World Values Survey (69,798 individuals nested in 45 countries; Study 2), and the European Social Survey (44,386 individuals nested in 274 Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques regions; Study 3). Results identify a key moderating role of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, revealing strong associations between religion and prejudice in regions low in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and collectivism, whereas the religion–prejudice association is constrained (i.e., weaker and often absent) in regions high on those cultural dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Sibley
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Politi E, Van Assche J, Caprara GV, Phalet K. No man is an island: Psychological underpinnings of prosociality in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak. Pers Individ Dif 2021; 171:110534. [PMID: 35529044 PMCID: PMC9059136 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, sustainable forms of collective resilience help societies coping cohesively with unprecedented challenges. In our empirical contribution, we framed collective resilience and cohesion in terms of prosociality. A study carried out in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK (N = 399) articulated basic individual values, ideological orientations (i.e., authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), and core political values in a comprehensive framework to predict bonding and bridging forms of prosocial intentions, and prosocial behaviors directed towards vulnerable groups. According to our findings, people whose worldview incorporates collective and collaborative principles cared more about others' welfare. Jointly, self-transcendence, equality, and accepting immigrants predicted more prosociality, whereas social dominance orientation predicted less prosociality. Over and beyond all other predictors, self-transcendence uniquely predicted prosocial intentions and behaviors alike. To conclude, we suggest interventions to promote and sustain prosociality among people motivated by a larger array of life goals and worldviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Politi
- KU Leuven, Belgium,University of Lausanne, Switzerland,Corresponding author at: Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 B, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Roets A, Bostyn DH, De Keersmaecker J, Haesevoets T, Van Assche J, Van Hiel A. Utilitarianism in minimal-group decision making is less common than equality-based morality, mostly harm-oriented, and rarely impartial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13373. [PMID: 32770106 PMCID: PMC7414217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study of utilitarian morality, the sacrificial dilemma paradigm has been the dominant approach for years. However, to address some of the most pressing issues in the current research literature, the present studies adopt an alternative approach by using a minimal group paradigm in which participants have to make decisions about the allocation of resources. This approach allows not only to pit utilitarianism against equality-based morality, but also to study these modes of morality for both harm and benefit, and to directly address the role of group identity affecting the (im)partial nature of ‘utilitarian’ (i.e., outcome maximizing) decisions. In our experiments, across four different samples (total N = 946), we demonstrate that although participants generally prefer equality-based allocations over maximizing distributions, outcome maximizing choices become more prevalent when they served to minimize harm compared to maximizing benefit. Furthermore, reducing the objective value of the equal distribution outcomes further prompts participants to adopt a more utilitarian approach in situations involving harm, but has little effect in situations where benefits have to be distributed. Finally, the introduction of (minimal) group identity consistently demonstrates that decisions that maximize the overall outcome are more likely if they also serve the ingroup compared to when they rather serve the outgroup. We discuss how these findings have meaningful implications that may be especially relevant for recent movements that advocate a utilitarian approach to charity, and for our understanding of (im)partiality in lay people’s ‘utilitarian’ decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dries H Bostyn
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas De Keersmaecker
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Haesevoets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Van Assche J, Politi E, Van Dessel P, Phalet K. To punish or to assist? Divergent reactions to ingroup and outgroup members disobeying social distancing. Br J Soc Psychol 2020; 59:594-606. [PMID: 32602596 PMCID: PMC7362027 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, societies face the formidable challenge of developing sustainable forms of sociability‐cumsocial‐distancing – enduring social life while containing the virus and preventing new outbreaks. Accordant public policies often balance between retributive (punishment‐based) and assistance (solidarity‐based) measures to foster responsible behaviour. Yet, the uncontrolled spreading of the disease has divided public opinion about which measures are best suited, and it has made salient group disparities in behaviour, potentially straining intergroup relations, elevating heated emotions, and undercutting coordinated international responses. In a 2 × 2 between‐subjects experiment, British citizens (N = 377) read about national in‐group or outgroup members (categorical differentiation), who were either conforming to or deviating from the corona regulations (normative differentiation). Participants then reported moral emotions towards the target national group and indicated support for public policies. In general, support for assistance policies outweighed support for retributive measures. Second, however, norm deviation was associated with less positive and more negative moral emotions, the latter category further relating to more punitiveness and less assistance support. Finally, respondents who read about norm‐violating outgroup members especially reported support for retributive measures, indicating that people might use norm deviation to justify outgroup derogation. We discuss implications for policymakers and formulate future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuele Politi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Dessel
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Karen Phalet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Van Hiel A, Onraet E, Bostyn DH, Stadeus J, Haesevoets T, Van Assche J, Roets A. A meta-analytic integration of research on the relationship between right-wing ideological attitudes and aggressive tendencies. European Review of Social Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1778324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Onraet
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries H. Bostyn
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Stadeus
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Haesevoets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Valcke B, Van Hiel A, Van Assche J, Van Roey T, Onraet E, Roets A. The Need for Inclusion: The relationships between Relational and Collective inclusion needs and psychological well‐and ill‐being. Eur J Soc Psychol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Valcke
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Emma Onraet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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14
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Van Assche J, Noor M, Dierckx K, Saleem M, Bouchat P, de Guissme L, Bostyn D, Carew M, Ernst-Vintila A, Chao MM. Can Psychological Interventions Improve Intergroup Attitudes Post Terror Attacks? Social Psychological and Personality Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619896139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research concurrently investigated the effectiveness of three established bias-reducing interventions (i.e., positive affirmation, secure attachment, and cognitive dissonance) in the wake of the Paris and Brussels terror attacks. Using frequentist and Bayesian analyses, Study 1 ( N = 1,676), launched within days of the attacks, found that compared to a control condition, the interventions did not significantly improve intergroup attitudes. Instead, the data showed strong support of the null hypotheses that there were no intervention effects. Proximity to the attacks did not moderate the effect. Study 2 ( N = 285) reexamined the effects of the three interventions 2.5 years after the attacks, generally replicating the pattern of findings in Study 1. Together, this research highlights the challenge of intergroup bias reduction following terror attacks. We conclude by discussing several recommendations for how psychological interventions could play a more impactful role in contexts of heightened conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masi Noor
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Dierckx
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Muniba Saleem
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pierre Bouchat
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laura de Guissme
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dries Bostyn
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Mark Carew
- Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreea Ernst-Vintila
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Paris, France
| | - Melody M. Chao
- Department of Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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15
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Abstract
Issues related to ethnic-cultural diversity often make the news headlines in popular media and have attracted extensive attention in the political arena, as well as in academic research in psychology, political sciences, and sociology. Political scientist Robert Putnam reported that increased diversity is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including less trust, a decreased sense of community, more prejudice, and more cynicism and mistrust toward politics and politicians. Yet given that follow-up studies have often revealed mixed results, a novel approach to understanding the effects of diversity is needed. Here, we address the impact of diversity from a Person × Context interaction perspective, demonstrating that diversity aggravates the negative attitudes that already exist among certain individuals. Specifically, we review the accumulated evidence showing that people high in authoritarian attitudes are particularly sensitive to diversity and prone to react with increased negativity to out-groups, politicians, the political system, and democracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University
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16
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Van Assche J, Dhont K, Pettigrew TF. The social‐psychological bases of far‐right support in Europe and the United States. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social PsychologyGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Dhont
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Thomas F. Pettigrew
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California US
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17
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18
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Van Assche J, Van Hiel A, Dhont K, Roets A. Broadening the individual differences lens on party support and voting behavior: Cynicism and prejudice as relevant attitudes referring to modern-day political alignments. Eur J Soc Psychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Dhont
- School of Psychology; University of Kent; Canterbury United Kingdom
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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19
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Abstract
Abstract. Putnam’s (2007) constrict claim states that ethnic diversity has serious consequences for social cohesion, making people distrustful and leery. The present contribution extends this claim by including political cynicism and trust as side effects of diversity. Moreover, we nuance this claim by considering citizens’ social-ideological attitudes as moderators of diversity effects. Using a Dutch nationally stratified sample (N = 628), we showed that both objective and perceived diversity were associated with more political cynicism and less trust, but only for those high in right-wing attitudes (i.e., social dominance orientation and particularly authoritarianism). Furthermore, only political cynicism was a unique predictor of greater populist party support. Implications for the ongoing debates on the rise in diversity and populist parties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology at Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Kristof Dhont
- School of Psychology at the University of Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology at Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology at Ghent University, Belgium
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20
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Van Assche J, Asbrock F, Dhont K, Roets A. The Diversity Challenge for High and Low Authoritarians: Multilevel and Longitudinal Effects Through Intergroup Contact and Threat. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2018; 44:1163-1179. [PMID: 29628003 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218764653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current studies integrate different frameworks on the positive and negative consequences of ethnic diversity for intergroup relations. Using a nationally stratified sample of Dutch majority members ( N = 680) from 50 cities in the Netherlands, Study 1 demonstrated that objective diversity was indirectly related to prejudice and to generalized, ingroup, and outgroup trust, through more positive and more negative contact. These indirect effects tended to be stronger for high versus low authoritarians. Furthermore, perceived diversity was indirectly related to less trust and greater prejudice, via more negative contact and threat. Again, these associations were more pronounced among high authoritarians. Study 2, using a representative sample of German majority members ( N = 412) nested within 237 districts, replicated the cross-sectional results regarding objective diversity and prejudice. In addition, longitudinal analyses indicated that objective diversity predicted more positive and more negative contact 2 years later, though only among moderate and high authoritarians.
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21
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Van Assche J, van der Kaap-Deeder J, Audenaert E, De Schryver M, Vansteenkiste M. Are the benefits of autonomy satisfaction and the costs of autonomy frustration dependent on individuals' autonomy strength? J Pers 2018; 86:1017-1036. [PMID: 29377144 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE From a self-determination theory perspective, individuals are assumed to benefit and suffer from, respectively, the satisfaction and frustration of the psychological need for autonomy, even if they score low on autonomy strength. Yet, previous studies on need strength are scarce, operationalized need strength differently, and produced inconsistent findings. METHOD In two studies among 224 South African adults (Mage = 24.13, SD = 4.25; 54.0% male) and 156 Belgian prisoners (Mage = 38.60, SD = 11.68; 88.5% male), we investigated the moderating role of autonomy valuation and desire in the relations of autonomy satisfaction and frustration with a variety of well-being and ill-being indicators. RESULTS Study 1 provided some evidence for the moderating role of mostly explicit autonomy desire (rather than explicit autonomy valuation). In Study 2, neither explicit nor implicit autonomy desire played a consistent moderating role. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings are congruent with a moderate (albeit not with a strong) interpretation of the universality claim made within self-determination theory, provide initial evidence for a differentiation between deficit-based and growth-oriented interpersonal differences in need strength, and indicate that the potential moderating role of need strength deserves continued attention before any firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolene van der Kaap-Deeder
- Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation-Flanders
| | - Elien Audenaert
- Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Schryver
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Van Assche J, Asbrock F, Roets A, Kauff M. Positive Neighborhood Norms Buffer Ethnic Diversity Effects on Neighborhood Dissatisfaction, Perceived Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Moving Intentions. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2018; 44:700-716. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167217744767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Van Assche J, Bostyn D, De keersmaecker J, Dardenne B, Hansenne M. Intergroup Reconciliation between Flemings and Walloons: The Predictive Value of Cognitive Style, Authoritarian Ideology, and Intergroup Emotions. Psychol Belg 2017; 57:132-155. [PMID: 30479797 PMCID: PMC6194543 DOI: 10.5334/pb.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Testifying to the gap in fundamental research on positive intergroup outcomes, we investigated reconciliation attitudes in a non-violent intergroup context (i.e., the linguistic conflict in Belgium). By incorporating both important predictors of negative outgroup attitudes (i.e., individual differences in rigid cognitive styles and authoritarian ideologies), and important predictors of reconciliation (i.e., intergroup emotions), we aimed to contribute to a more comprehensive theoretical framework for the analysis of intergroup relations. We recruited one Flemish (N = 310) and one Walloon (N = 365) undergraduate students sample to test the proposed model. Structural equation analyses with maximum likelihood estimation were conducted using the Lavaan package. In both samples, similar patterns were found. More in particular, the need for cognitive closure appeared to be the basic predictor of right-wing attitudes (i.e., right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation) and essentialist thinking, which were then associated with less outgroup empathy and trust, and more outgroup anger. Furthermore, outgroup trust and empathy were positively related to reconciliation. Interestingly, some differences between the Flemish and Walloon sample were found, such as the direct effects of need for closure and social dominance orientation in the first sample, and the non-significant effects of essentialism in the latter sample. Considering the ongoing public and political debate about the linguistic conflict in Belgium, these findings shed a new light on how individual differences relate to specific outgroup emotions, and how these are associated with important intergroup outcomes in the face of intergroup conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, BE
| | - Dries Bostyn
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, BE
| | - Jonas De keersmaecker
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, BE
| | - Benoit Dardenne
- Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behavior, University of Liege, BE
| | - Michel Hansenne
- Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behavior, University of Liege, BE
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24
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De keersmaecker J, Roets A, Dhont K, Van Assche J, Onraet E, Van Hiel A. Need for Closure and Perceived Threat as Bases of Right-Wing Authoritarianism: A Longitudinal Moderation Approach. Social Cognition 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2017.35.4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Van Assche J, Van Hiel A, Stadeus J, Bushman BJ, De Cremer D, Roets A. When the Heat Is On: The Effect of Temperature on Voter Behavior in Presidential Elections. Front Psychol 2017. [PMID: 28642723 PMCID: PMC5463178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot temperatures lead to heightened arousal. According to excitation transfer theory, arousal can increase both antisocial and prosocial behavior, depending on the context. Although many studies have shown that hot temperatures can increase antisocial behavior, very few studies have investigated the relationship between temperature and prosocial behavior. One important prosocial behavior is voting. We analyzed state-level data from the United States presidential elections (N = 761). Consistent with excitation transfer theory, which proposes that heat-induced arousal can transfer to other activities and strengthen those activities, changes in temperature and voter turnout were positively related. Moreover, a positive change in temperature was related to a positive change in votes for the incumbent party. These findings add to the literature on the importance of non-ideological and non-rational factors that influence voting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Stadeus
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Brad J Bushman
- School of Communication and Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - David De Cremer
- Judge Business School, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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26
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Van Assche J, Roets A, Dhont K, Van Hiel A. The association between actual and perceived ethnic diversity: The moderating role of authoritarianism and implications for outgroup threat, anxiety, and mistrust. Eur J Soc Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Assche
- Ghent University; Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Henri Dunantlaan 2; Ghent Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Ghent University; Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Henri Dunantlaan 2; Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Dhont
- University of Kent, School of Psychology; Canterbury Kent United Kingdom
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Ghent University; Department of Developmental Personality and Social Psychology Henri Dunantlaan 2; Ghent Belgium
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27
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Abstract
This research examined how affective and cognitive responses to culture fusion, a specific type of culture mixing that features the blending of different cultures or parts thereof into a new entity, are influenced by individual differences in Need for Closure (NFC). Two studies showed that individuals high (vs. low) in NFC felt less favorable toward culture fusion (i.e., the affective response), both at an abstract level (i.e., society structure models; Study 1, N = 191) and at a more concrete level (i.e., food stimuli; Study 2, N = 257). In addition, high NFC individuals tended to assign culturally fused stimuli to one discrete culture, rather than acknowledging them as culturally hybrid (i.e., the cognitive response). Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that the relationships between NFC and responses toward culture fusion were mediated by Right-Wing Authoritarianism. These findings are interpreted in terms of the threat to epistemic security needs posed by culture fusion.
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28
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Onraet E, Van Assche J, Roets A, Haesevoets T, Van Hiel A. The Happiness Gap Between Conservatives and Liberals Depends on Country-Level Threat. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550616662125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the much debated “happiness gap” between conservatives and liberals, approaching the issue from a multilevel person × context perspective. More specifically, we investigated whether this relationship depends on country-level threat. We used individual-level data for right-wing attitudes and psychological well-being from 94 large, representative samples collected worldwide (total N = 137,890) and objective indicators of country-level threat as the contextual variable. Our results suggest that, especially in countries characterized by high levels of threat, individuals with right-wing attitudes experienced greater well-being than individuals with left-wing attitudes. In countries with a low level of threat, this relationship was considerably weaker or even absent. Our findings corroborate the view that right-wing attitudes may serve a self-protective function, helping individuals to manage and cope with threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Onraet
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Haesevoets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Van Hiel
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Roets
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Bostyn
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas De keersmaecker
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Haesevoets
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Joosten
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Stadeus
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Onraet
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Unit, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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