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Roh GH, Meier L, Shrestha B, Hesler SP, Zhu JJ, Kendra PE, Loeb GM, Tay JW, Cha DH. A 2-component blend of coconut oil-derived fatty acids as an oviposition deterrent against Drosophila suzukii (Drosophilidae: Diptera). J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:1671-1678. [PMID: 37671504 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Coconut free fatty acid (CFFA), a mixture of 8 fatty acids derived from coconut oil, is an effective repellent and deterrent against a broad array of hematophagous insects. In this study, we evaluated the oviposition deterrent activity of CFFA on spotted-wing drosophila (SWD; Drosophila suzukii), a destructive invasive pest of berries and cherries, and identified bioactive key-deterrent compounds. In laboratory 2-choice tests, CFFA deterred SWD oviposition in a dose-dependent manner with the greatest reduction (99%) observed at a 20-mg dose compared with solvent control. In a field test, raspberries treated with 20-mg CFFA received 64% fewer SWD eggs than raspberries treated with the solvent control. In subsequent laboratory bioassays, 2 of CFFA components, caprylic and capric acids, significantly reduced SWD oviposition by themselves, while 6 other components had no effect. In choice and no-choice assays, we found that a blend of caprylic acid and capric acid, at equivalent concentrations and ratio as in CFFA, was as effective as CFFA, while caprylic acid or capric acid individually were not as effective as the 2-component blend or CFFA at equivalent concentrations, indicating the 2 compounds as the key oviposition deterrent components for SWD. The blend was also as effective as CFFA for other nontarget drosophilid species in the field. Given that CFFA compounds are generally regarded as safe for humans, CFFA and its bioactive components have potential application in sustainably reducing SWD damage in commercial fruit operations, thereby reducing the sole reliance on insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyun Roh
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Linnea Meier
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Binita Shrestha
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Hesler
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Paul E Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gregory M Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Jia-Wei Tay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dong H Cha
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
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Roh GH, Kendra PE, Zhu JJ, Roda A, Loeb GM, Tay JW, Cha DH. Coconut oil derived five-component synthetic oviposition deterrent for oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3852-3859. [PMID: 37237424 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bactrocera dorsalis, oriental fruit fly (OFF), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests. Although bait sprays can effectively control OFF, resistance development has been a concern. We evaluated the oviposition deterrent activity of coconut free fatty acids (CFFA), a mixture of eight coconut oil-derived fatty acids known to repel hematophagous insects and deter their feeding and oviposition, against OFF females. RESULTS In laboratory 72-h two-choice assays using guava-juice infused-agar as an oviposition substrate, CFFA deterred OFF oviposition in a dose-dependent manner with the greatest reduction of 87% at 20 mg dose compared to the control. When the eight CFFA components were tested individually, four compounds (caprylic, capric, oleic, and linoleic acids) significantly reduced OFF oviposition ('negative-compounds'), two (lauric and myristic acids) had no effect ('neutral-compounds'), and two (palmitic and stearic acids) stimulated OFF oviposition ('positive-compounds'). In two-choice tests, the 'negative-compounds' blend failed to elicit the same level of oviposition reduction as CFFA at equivalent concentrations found in CFFA. Adding the two 'neutral-compounds' recovered the oviposition deterrence similar to CFFA. Subsequent subtraction tests showed that four 'negative-compounds' plus lauric acid was as effective as CFFA in reducing OFF oviposition in guava-juice agar. This five-component key-deterrent blend also reduced OFF oviposition by 95 and 72% on papaya and tomato fruit, respectively. CONCLUSION CFFA acts as an oviposition deterrent for OFF. Given that CFFA compounds are generally regarded as safe for humans and the environment, CFFA and its bioactive components have potential use in behavioral control strategies against OFF. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyun Roh
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul E Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amy Roda
- USDA-APHIS, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gregory M Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Jia-Wei Tay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dong H Cha
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
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Kim H, Kim Y, Roh GH, Kim YH. Comparison of Preference for Chemicals Associated with Fruit Fermentation between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii and between Virgin and Mated D. melanogaster. Insects 2023; 14:382. [PMID: 37103197 PMCID: PMC10145260 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two taxonomically similar Drosophila species, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii, are known to have distinct habitats: D. melanogaster is mostly found near overripe and fermented fruits, whereas D. suzukii is attracted to fresh fruits. Since chemical concentrations are typically higher in overripe and fermented fruits than in fresh fruits, D. melanogaster is hypothesized to be attracted to higher concentrations of volatiles than D. suzukii. Therefore, the chemical preferences of the two flies were compared via Y-tube olfactometer assays and electroantennogram (EAG) experiments using various concentrations of 2-phenylethanol, ethanol, and acetic acid. D. melanogaster exhibited a higher preference for high concentrations of all the chemicals than that of D. suzukii. In particular, since acetic acid is mostly produced at the late stage of fruit fermentation, the EAG signal distance to acetic acid between the two flies was higher than those to 2-phenylethanol and ethanol. This supports the hypothesis that D. melanogaster prefers fermented fruits compared to D. suzukii. When comparing virgin and mated female D. melanogaster, mated females showed a higher preference for high concentrations of chemicals than that of virgin females. In conclusion, high concentrations of volatiles are important attraction factors for mated females seeking appropriate sites for oviposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - YeongHo Kim
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyun Roh
- Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Park MG, Lee BH, Yang JO, Kim BS, Roh GH, Kendra PE, Cha DH. Ethyl Formate as a Methyl Bromide Alternative for Fumigation of Citrus: Efficacy, Fruit Quality, and Workplace Safety. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:2290-2296. [PMID: 34622933 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl formate (EF) was evaluated as a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for phytosanitary treatment of imported citrus fruit in the Republic of Korea. Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a mealybug with known tolerance against EF and MB, was used as a representative pest to test efficacy of the two fumigants against eggs. In nine commercial-scale refrigerated container (67.5 m3) trials using imported orange, lemon and grapefruit, EF applied at the currently approved dose for citrus (70 g·m-3 at 5°C for 4 h, developed for Aspidiotus excisus Green (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a species less EF tolerant than P. citri) resulted in 76.9-98.3% mortality of P. citri eggs. The EF treatment did not affect the sugar content or the color of peel and pulp of the treated fruit. When oranges were treated according to the current MB (64 g·m-3 at >5°C for 2 h) or EF treatment guidelines, the concentration of fumigant around the fruit fluctuated between 9.4 and 185.1 ppm for EF and 9.5-203.0 ppm for MB during the 72-h post-fumigation processes (venting [0-2 h], transportation to storage [2-24 h], and storage periods [24-72 h]) with both EF and MB maintained between 10 and 100 ppm during the storage period. Considering the efficacy of EF, its apparent lack of phytotoxicity, and its more manageable threshold limit value for humans (100 ppm EF compared to 1 ppm MB for an 8-h time weighted average exposure), our results suggest that EF may be a promising alternative to MB for the phytosanitary treatment of imported citrus in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Lee
- Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Yang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyun Roh
- USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paul E Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dong H Cha
- USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
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Roh GH, Lee YJ, Zhu JJ, Park CG. Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla in egg parasitoid, Ooencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:972-982. [PMID: 30801821 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Morphology of antennal sensilla and their distribution were investigated in adults of Ooencyrtus nezarae, an egg parasitoid of Riptortus pedestris, using scanning electron microscopy. Male antennae was found to be significantly greater in overall length than female antennae. The antenna of O. nezarae was composed of the radicula, scape, pedicel, funicle and clava in both sexes, with seven types of sensilla identified: sensillum trichodea; s. finger-like; s. placoidea; s. chaetica; s. basiconica; s. coeloconica, and s. campaniform. They occur in varying number and distribution along the antennae. Two sensillum types were further categorized into additional subtypes, with two subtypes in s. trichodea and three in s. chaetica. Among all characterized sensilla, s. trichodea subtype 1 and s. placoidea were multiporous, indicating that the primary function of these sensilla is olfactory. Sensillum trichodea was the most abundant sensillum type on the antennae of both sexes. Sexual dimorphism was only observed from the subtype 1 sensilla of s. trichodea in males and the subtype 3 sensilla of s. chaetica in females. The morphological information established in our study may provide useful information for further investigations in sensory physiological function of each morphological type of sensilla and their related behavior in this egg parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyun Roh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
| | - Yeon Jeong Lee
- Institute of Life Science (BK21+ Program)/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
| | - Chung Gyoo Park
- Institute of Life Science (BK21+ Program)/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Chiluwal K, Kim J, Bae SD, Roh GH, Park HJ, Park CG. Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Fecundity, Sterility, and Female Sex Pheromone Production of Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:156-163. [PMID: 30321388 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is a field-to-storage pest of legumes and its females produce sex pheromone components with two isomers: (2Z,6E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal (2Z-homofarnesal) and (2E,6E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal (2E-homofarnesal). Two-day-old virgin adults were treated with different doses (0, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 Gy) of gamma radiation and the effects on adult survivorship, fecundity, sterility, and pheromone production were studied. The longevity of both sexes and female fecundity were dose dependently affected by the gamma irradiation revealing that the fecundity was more reduced when the female adults were irradiated. Adults of both sexes were totally sterilized by the doses of gamma radiation tested in this study as depicted by the null hatchability of the laid eggs. The results from analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for solid phase micro-extraction revealed that both of the female sex pheromone components were significantly reduced by 300 Gy. Though significantly less, there was release of some amount of pheromone components by the irradiated female azuki bean beetles revealing the possibility of pheromonal attraction of males to the irradiated females. It is a pre-requisite for the successful sterile insect technology that the sterility of azuki bean beetle is induced without the total disruption of the calling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashinath Chiluwal
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program)/Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Junheon Kim
- Forest Insect Pest and Disease Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Do Bae
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyun Roh
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE
| | - Hae Jun Park
- Biotechnology Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chung Gyoo Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program)/Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Roh GH, Park KC, Oh HW, Park CG. Species- and sex-specific distribution of antennal olfactory sensilla in two tortricid moths, Epiphyas postvittana and Planotortrix octo. Micron 2018; 106:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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