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Faccini JLH, Santos HF, Costa-Junior LM, Costa-Neto SF, Tassinari WS, Luz HR. Records and altitudinal assessment of Amblyomma aureolatum and Amblyomma ovale (Acari: Ixodidae) in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:136. [PMID: 35449085 PMCID: PMC9027463 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the altitudinal distribution of the hard ticks Amblyomma aureolatum and Amblyomma ovale in Brazil is scarce and mainly limited to occasional records. In this study we report our evaluation of records on the altitudinal distribution of A. aureolatum and A. ovale collected from dogs and humans and directly from the environment (host-questing ticks), based on active or passive procedures. The collections were conducted in rural areas of municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 2013 and 2017. Active procedures consisted of dragging or flagging, visual examination of vegetation and removal of ticks present on the authors’ clothing or on infested dogs. Overall, 222 ticks were collected. The altitudes at the collection sites ranged from 98 to 1220 m a.s.l. We noted a significant difference in the altitudinal distribution of A. aureolatum and A. ovale (Mann–Whitney U-test, U = 518.5, P < 0.001). The overlap of these two species occurred at altitudes of between 650 and 900 m a.s.l. The results indicated that the higher the altitude, the greater the probability for the occurrence of A. aureolatum and, conversely, the lower the likelihood for the occurrence of A. ovale. The findings of this study improve currrent knowledge on the bioecology of these tick species and have implications for studies on the epidemiology of spotted fever in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L H Faccini
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hélio F Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Lívio M Costa-Junior
- Northeast Biotechnology Network Postgraduate Program (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner S Tassinari
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Brazil.,Department of Mathematics, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hermes R Luz
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Ferreira DC, Gonçalves LS, Siqueira JF, Carmo FL, Santos HF, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Soares GM, Rosado AS, dos Santos KRN, Colombo APV. Subgingival bacterial community profiles in HIV-infected Brazilian adults with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:95-102. [PMID: 26040412 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To compare the subgingival microbial diversity between non-HIV-infected and HIV-infected individuals with chronic periodontitis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients were selected: 11 were HIV-infected and 21 were non-HIV-infected, and all had chronic periodontitis. Periodontal measurements included probing depth, clinical attachment level, visible supragingival biofilm and bleeding on probing. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from periodontal sites (50% with probing depth ≤ 4 mm and 50% with probing depth ≥ 5 mm) and whole-genomic-amplified DNA was obtained. The DNA samples were subjected to amplification of a 16S rRNA gene fragment using universal bacterial primers, followed by DGGE analysis of the amplified gene sequences. RESULTS The non-HIV-infected group presented higher mean full-mouth visible supragingival biofilm (p = 0.004), bleeding on probing (p = 0.006), probing depth (p < 0.001) and clinical attachment level (p = 0.001) in comparison with the HIV-infected group. DGGE analysis revealed 81 distinct bands from all 33 individuals. Banding profiles revealed a higher diversity of the bacterial communities in the subgingival biofilm of HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis. Moreover, cluster and principal component analyses demonstrated that the bacterial community profiles differed between these two conditions. High interindividual and intra-individual variability in banding profiles were observed for both groups. CONCLUSION HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis present greater subgingival microbial diversity. In addition, the bacterial communities associated with HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals are different in structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L S Gonçalves
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F L Carmo
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H F Santos
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Feres
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - L C Figueiredo
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - G M Soares
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - A S Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K R N dos Santos
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A P V Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Silva JVJ, Arenhart S, Santos HF, Almeida-Queiroz SR, Silva ANMR, Trevisol IM, Bertani GR, Gil LHVG. Efficient assembly of full-length infectious clone of Brazilian IBDV isolate by homologous recombination in yeast. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1555-63. [PMID: 25763067 PMCID: PMC4323336 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression in young chickens. Advances in molecular virology and vaccines for IBDV have been achieved by viral reverse genetics (VRG). VRG for IBDV has undergone changes over time, however all strategies used to generate particles of IBDV involves multiple rounds of amplification and need of in vitro ligation and restriction sites. The aim of this research was to build the world’s first VRG for IBDV by yeast-based homologous recombination; a more efficient, robust and simple process than cloning by in vitro ligation. The wild type IBDV (Wt-IBDV-Br) was isolated in Brazil and had its genome cloned in pJG-CMV-HDR vector by yeast-based homologous recombination. The clones were transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts and the recovered virus (IC-IBDV-Br) showed genetic stability and similar phenotype to Wt-IBDV-Br, which were observed by nucleotide sequence, focus size/morphology and replication kinetics, respectively. Thus, IBDV reverse genetics by yeast-based homologous recombination provides tools to IBDV understanding and vaccines/viral vectors development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V J Silva
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães Fundação Oswaldo Cruz RecifePE Brazil Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - S Arenhart
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães Fundação Oswaldo Cruz RecifePE Brazil Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brazil. ; Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Centro de Ciências Rurais Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa MariaRS Brazil Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - H F Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S R Almeida-Queiroz
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães Fundação Oswaldo Cruz RecifePE Brazil Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A N M R Silva
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães Fundação Oswaldo Cruz RecifePE Brazil Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - I M Trevisol
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves ConcórdiaSC Brazil Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - G R Bertani
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keiso Asami Universidade Federal de Pernambuco RecifePE Brazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keiso Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - L H V G Gil
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães Fundação Oswaldo Cruz RecifePE Brazil Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Carmo FL, Santos HF, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS, Araujo FV. Tank bromeliad water: similar or distinct environments for research of bacterial bioactives? Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:185-92. [PMID: 24948929 PMCID: PMC4059294 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic Rainforest does not have a uniform physiognomy, its relief determines different environmental conditions that define the composition of its flora and fauna. Within this ecosystem, bromeliads that form tanks with their leaves hold water reservoirs throughout the year, maintaining complex food chains, based mainly on autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. Some works concluded that the water held by tank bromeliads concentrate the microbial diversity of their ecosystem. To investigate the bacterial diversity and the potential biotechnology of these ecosystems, tank bromeliads of the Neoregelia cruenta species from the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil were used as models for this research. Bacteria isolated from these models were tested for production of bioactive compounds. DGGE of the water held by tank bromeliads was performed in different seasons, locations and sun exposure to verify whether these environmental factors affect bacterial communities. The DGGE bands profile showed no grouping of bacterial community by the environmental factors tested. Most of the isolates demonstrated promising activities in the tests performed. Collectively, these results suggest that tank bromeliads of the N. cruenta species provide important habitats for a diverse microbial community, suggesting that each tank forms a distinct micro-habitat. These tanks can be considered excellent sources for the search for new enzymes and/or new bioactive composites of microbial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Carmo
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil
| | - H F Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil
| | - R S Peixoto
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil
| | - A S Rosado
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil
| | - F V Araujo
- Departamento de Ciências Faculdade de Formação de Professores Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil
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Santos HF, Carmo FL, Leite DCA, Jesus HE, Maalouf PDC, Almeida C, Soriano AU, Altomari D, Suhett L, Vólaro V, Valoni E, Francisco M, Vieira J, Rocha R, Sardinha BL, Mendes LB, João RR, Lacava B, Jesus RF, Sebastian GV, Pessoa A, van Elsas JD, Rezende RP, Pires DO, Duarte G, Castro CB, Rosado AS, Peixoto RS. Comparison of different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from reef corals. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:517-27. [PMID: 24031859 PMCID: PMC3768815 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots were submitted to DNA extraction by the different kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified and PCR-DGGE was used to study the molecular fingerprint of Bacteria and Eukarya. Among the four kits tested, the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit was the most efficient with respect to the amount of DNA extracted, yielding about three times more DNA than the other kits. Also, we observed a higher number and intensities of DGGE bands for both Bacteria and Eukarya with the same kit. Considering these results, we suggested that the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit is the best adapted for the study of the microbial communities of corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular Microbiana, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, RJ , Brasil
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Campos FS, Dezen D, Antunes DA, Santos HF, Arantes TS, Cenci A, Gomes F, Lima FES, Brito WMED, Filho HCK, Batista HBCR, Spilki FR, Franco AC, Rijsewijk FAM, Roehe PM. Efficacy of an inactivated, recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2010; 148:18-26. [PMID: 20828945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is the causative agent of bovine herpetic encephalitis. In countries where BoHV-5 is prevalent, attempts to vaccinate cattle to prevent clinical signs from BoHV-5-induced disease have relied essentially on vaccination with BoHV-1 vaccines. However, such practice has been shown not to confer full protection to BoHV-5 challenge. In the present study, an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine prepared with a recombinant BoHV-5 from which the genes coding for glycoprotein I (gI), glycoprotein E (gE) and membrane protein US9 were deleted (BoHV-5 gI/gE/US9(-)), was evaluated in cattle in a vaccination/challenge experiment. The vaccine was prepared from a virus suspension containing a pre-inactivation antigenic mass equivalent to 10(7.69) TCID(50)/dose. Three mL of the inactivated vaccine were administered subcutaneously to eight calves serologically negative for BoHV-5 (vaccinated group). Four other calves were mock-vaccinated with an equivalent preparation without viral antigens (control group). Both groups were boostered 28 days later. Neither clinical signs of disease nor adverse effects were observed during or after vaccination. A specific serological response, revealed by the development of neutralizing antibodies, was detected in all vaccinated animals after the first dose of vaccine, whereas control animals remained seronegative. Calves were subsequently challenged on day 77 post-vaccination (pv) with 10(9.25) TCID(50) of the wild-type BoHV-5 (parental strain EVI 88/95). After challenge, vaccinated cattle displayed mild signs of respiratory disease, whereas the control group developed respiratory disease and severe encephalitis, which led to culling of 2/4 calves. Searches for viral DNA in the central nervous system (CNS) of vaccinated calves indicated that wild-type BoHV-5 did not replicate, whereas in CNS tissues of calves on the control group, viral DNA was widely distributed. BoHV-5 shedding in nasal secretions was significantly lower in vaccinated calves than in the control group on days 2, 3, 4 and 6 post-challenge (pc). In addition, the duration of virus shedding was significantly shorter in the vaccinated (7 days) than in controls (12 days). Attempts to reactivate latent infection by administration of dexamethasone at 147 days pv led to recrudescence of mild signs of respiratory disease in both vaccinated and control groups. Infectious virus shedding in nasal secretions was detected at reactivation and was significantly lower in vaccinated cattle than in controls on days 11-13 post-reactivation (pr). It is concluded that the inactivated vaccine prepared with the BoHV-5 gI/gE/US9(-) recombinant was capable of conferring protection to encephalitis when vaccinated cattle were challenged with a large infectious dose of the parental wild type BoHV-5. However, it did not avoid the establishment of latency nor impeded dexamethasone-induced reactivation of the virus, despite a significant reduction in virus shedding after challenge and at reactivation on vaccinated calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Campos
- Virology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.
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