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Yazıcı D, Fersahoğlu MM, Fersahoğlu T, Bulut NE, Çiğiltepe H, Çeler Ö, Sancak S, Sulu C, Durcan E, Şahin S, Polat Korkmaz Ö, Bozdoğan Polat SH, Taşkın E, İşeri C, Gürsoy E, Küçük Yetgin M, Kaya T, Özdemir F, Mestanoğlu İstanbullu N, Kıyıcı S, Öztürk S, Güngör K, Can B, Sargın M, Tabak Z, Averi S, Nazlı A, Polat Y, Akbas F, Tekin S, Topaloğlu Ö, Boz Uzaldı E, Çatalçam S, Bayraktaroğlu T, Çalıkoğlu BF, Nasifova V, Soyluk Selçukbiricik Ö, Karşıdağ K, Sezer H, Özışık S, Bulut H, Bekdemir B, Deyneli O, Dinçer C, Gogas Yavuz D, İlkova H, Yumuk VD. Status of Weight Change, Lifestyle Behaviors, Depression, Anxiety, and Diabetes Mellitus in a Cohort with Obesity during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Turk-Com Study Group. Obes Facts 2022; 15:528-539. [PMID: 35545017 PMCID: PMC9372476 DOI: 10.1159/000522658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a lockdown period. Confinement periods have been related to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Our study aimed to determine weight change, changes in eating and exercise habits, the presence of depression and anxiety, and diabetes mellitus (DM) status in a cohort of patients with obesity. METHODS The study was undertaken in nine centers of Collaborative Obesity Management (COM) of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) in Turkey. An e-survey about weight change, eating habits, physical activity status, DM status, depression, and anxiety was completed by patients. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) score was used to determine physical activity in terms of metabolic equivalents (METs). A healthy nutrition coefficient was calculated from the different categories of food consumption. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Questionnaire were used for determining depression and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-two patients (age 45 ± 12.7 years, W/M = 350/72) were included. The healthy nutrition coefficient before the pandemic was 38.9 ± 6.2 and decreased to 38.1 ± 6.4 during the pandemic (p < 0.001). Two hundred twenty-nine (54.8%) patients gained weight, 54 (12.9%) were weight neutral, and 135 (32.3%) lost weight. Patients in the weight loss group had higher MET scores and higher healthy nutrition coefficients compared with the weight gain and weight-neutral groups (p < 0.001). The PHQ and GAD scores were not different between the groups. Percent weight loss was related to healthy nutrition coefficient (CI: 0.884 [0.821-0.951], p = 0.001) and MET categories (CI: 0.408 [0.222-0.748], p = 0.004). One hundred seventy patients had DM. Considering glycemic control, only 12 (8.4%) had fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL and 36 (25.2%) had postprandial BG <160 mg/dL. When patients with and without DM were compared in terms of dietary compliance, MET category, weight loss status, PHQ-9 scores, and GAD-7 scores, only MET categories were different; 29 (11.7%) of patients in the nondiabetic group were in the highly active group compared with 5 (2.9%) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 lockdown resulted in weight gain in about half of our patients, which was related to changes in physical activity and eating habits. Patients with DM who had moderate glycemic control were similar to the general population in terms of weight loss but were less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yazıcı
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
- *Dilek Yazıcı,
| | - Mehmet Mahir Fersahoğlu
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Fersahoğlu
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Esen Bulut
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Çiğiltepe
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgen Çeler
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Sancak
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Sulu
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Durcan
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Şahin
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Eren Taşkın
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren İşeri
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Gürsoy
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Tuğba Kaya
- Health Sciences University Bursa Yİ Education and Research Hospital COM, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Feyza Özdemir
- Health Sciences University Bursa Yİ Education and Research Hospital COM, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Sinem Kıyıcı
- Health Sciences University Bursa Yİ Education and Research Hospital COM, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Serkan Öztürk
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kağan Güngör
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Can
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sargın
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tabak
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Averi
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Nazlı
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Polat
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feray Akbas
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sakin Tekin
- Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty COM, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | - Ebru Boz Uzaldı
- Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty COM, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Safiye Çatalçam
- Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty COM, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Havva Sezer
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seçil Özışık
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Bulut
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bekdemir
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Deyneli
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Dinçer
- Marmara University Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan İlkova
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
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