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de la Madrid R, Garza F, Kirk J, Luong H, Snowden L, Taylor J, Vizena B. Reply to Comment on "Comparison of the Lateral Retention Forces on Sessile, Pendant, and Inverted Sessile Drops". Langmuir 2020; 36:477-478. [PMID: 31887045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We address the issues raised in the Tadmor article (Tadmor, T., et al. Comment on "Comparison of the Lateral Retention Forces on Sessile, Pendant, and Inverted Sessile Drops". Langmuir 2019, 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02660). In particular, we explain why we did not use Tadmor's theory to explain our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de la Madrid
- Department of Physics , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - F Garza
- Department of Physics , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - J Kirk
- Department of Physics , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - H Luong
- Department of Physics , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - L Snowden
- Department of Physics , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - J Taylor
- Department of Physics , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - B Vizena
- Department of Physics , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
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Perumpail RB, Wong RJ, Ha LD, Pham EA, Wang U, Luong H, Kumari R, Daugherty TJ, Higgins JP, Younossi ZM, Kim WR, Glenn JS, Ahmed A. Sofosbuvir and simeprevir combination therapy in the setting of liver transplantation and hemodialysis. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:275-8. [PMID: 25641426 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report safety, tolerability, and 12-week sustained virologic response with half-standard dose sofosbuvir and standard-dose simeprevir combination therapy in a hepatitis C virus genotype 1a-infected liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis - uncharted territory for sofosbuvir-based therapy. The patient was a non-responder to prior treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Sofosbuvir efficacy was maintained despite pill-splitting and administration of half-standard dose, 200 mg per day. No drug-drug interactions were noted with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Laboratory tests remained stable or improved during therapy. Our observation, if reproduced in a larger study, may lead to significant improvement in clinical outcomes and cost savings in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Perumpail
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Duke PJ, Doan L, Luong H, Kelley C, Leboeuf W, Diep Q, Johnson E, Cody DD. CORRELATION BETWEEN MICRO-CT SECTIONS AND HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS OF MOUSE SKULL DEFECTS IMPLANTED WITH ENGINEERED CARTILAGE. Gravit Space Biol Bull 2009; 22:45-50. [PMID: 24478573 PMCID: PMC3902829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One advantage of using cartilage to replace/repair bone is that the implant disappears as bone is formed by endochondral ossification. Previously, we showed that cartilage spheroids, grown in a rotating bioreactor (Synthecon, Inc.) and implanted into a 2 mm skull defect, contributed to healing of the defect. Skulls with or without implants were subjected to microCT scans. Mineralized regions from microCT sections correlated with regions of bone in histological sections of the defect region of demineralized skulls. Recently, sections from microCT scans of live mice were compared to histological sections from the same mice. The area of the defect staining for bone in histological sections of demineralized skulls was the same region shown as mineralized in microCT sections. Defects without implants were not healed. This study demonstrates that microCT scans are an important corollary to histological studies evaluating the use of implants in healing of bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Duke
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Branch, UTHSC, Houston, TX
| | - L Doan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Branch, UTHSC, Houston, TX
| | - H Luong
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Branch, UTHSC, Houston, TX
| | - C Kelley
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Branch, UTHSC, Houston, TX
| | - W Leboeuf
- Our Lady of the Lake College, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Q Diep
- University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - E Johnson
- Dept of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225, U.S.A
| | - D D Cody
- Dept of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225, U.S.A
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Lawrence BP, Warren TK, Luong H. Fewer T lymphocytes and decreased pulmonary influenza virus burden in mice exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2000; 61:39-53. [PMID: 10990162 DOI: 10.1080/00984100050116771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a sensitive target for the toxicity of the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In mice, immunotoxicity associated with exposure to TCDD includes suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immunity and impaired host resistance to infectious agents. However, the underlying mechanisms for these effects of TCDD are unknown. We previously reported that treatment of C57BI/6 mice with TCDD and influenza A virus increases mortality, impairs cytokine production, and suppresses T cell expansion and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the draining lymph node. However, the overall virus-specific cytolytic activity in the lung is unaffected. This enigmatic finding left several questions unanswered, including whether decreased CD8+ lymphocytes in the lung are the consequence of either delayed or suppressed recruitment of cells to the lung; whether exposure to TCDD affects the recruitment of CD4+ cells to the lung; and what effect TCDD treatment has on pulmonary virus burden. To compare the kinetics of the response in vehicle- and TCDD-treated mice, we examined the number of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and CTL activity in the lung through d 10 postinfection. We found that the peak day for cellular influx and cytolytic activity in the lung is 9 d after infection. Immunophenotypic analysis of BAL cells shows that, when compared with BAL cells from infected controls, exposure to TCDD caused a 50% decrease in the percentage and number of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. When the pulmonary virus burden was examined over time, we found that on d 1-5 postinfection, lungs from mice exposed to TCDD generally had lower virus titers than lung homogenates from vehicle-treated controls. By d 9 postinfection, no influenza virus was detected in lung homogenates from either vehicle- or TCDD-treated mice. These findings are likely not related to the observed decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ BAL cells; moreover, the diminished CD4+ population in the lung indicates that CD4+ cells are probably not compensating for the decreased CTL generation in TCDD-treated mice. Our observation that mice exposed to TCDD and infected with influenza virus do not have an increased pulmonary virus burden suggests either that TCDD treatment alters the host response to infection, creating a cellular environment that is less supportive for viral growth, or that exposure to TCDD directly affects influenza virus, leading to impaired virus replication within lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lawrence
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology/Toxicology Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6534, USA.
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Luong H, Winestock KD, Finbloom DS. Inhibitors of serine/threonine phosphatases enhance phosphorylation of the interferon-gamma receptor while selectively attenuating interferon-gamma-induced gene expression in human peripheral-blood monocytes. Biochem J 1994; 299 ( Pt 3):799-803. [PMID: 8192669 PMCID: PMC1138091 DOI: 10.1042/bj2990799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since many events following ligand-induced receptor clustering are controlled by serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphorylation, we initiated an investigation into the role of Ser/Thr phosphatases in both phosphorylation of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor and IFN gamma-induced gene expression in human peripheral-blood monocytes. Whereas IFN gamma alone did not enhance phosphorylation of the IFN gamma receptor, treatment of monocytes with the Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors, okadaic acid and calyculin A, resulted in increased phosphorylation of the IFN gamma receptor. However, when these cells were analysed for IFN gamma-induced IP-10 gene expression, there was profound inhibition. Using three IFN gamma-induced early-response genes, IP-10, the Fc gamma receptor type I (Fc gamma RI) and ISG-54, we found selective sensitivity to pretreatment with okadaic acid and calyculin A. Whereas IFN gamma induction of IP-10 was blocked by both inhibitors, only calyculin A prevented Fc gamma RI-gene expression. Neither inhibitor prevented ISG-54 induction by IFN gamma. IFN-gamma-activated formation of the DNA-binding-protein complex FcRF gamma (which binds to the promoter of the Fc gamma RI gene) remained unaffected by okadaic acid or calyculin A. Therefore these data suggest that Ser/Thr phosphatases have no major part in IFN gamma-initiated signal transduction across the membrane, but selectively control the ultimate transcription of a set of early-response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luong
- Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Nadler JL, Malayan S, Luong H, Shaw S, Natarajan RD, Rude RK. Intracellular free magnesium deficiency plays a key role in increased platelet reactivity in type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1992; 15:835-41. [PMID: 1516501 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.15.7.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mg deficiency may be an important factor leading to cardiovascular disease. Diabetic subjects show an increase in platelet reactivity that can enhance the risks of vascular disease. In addition, diabetic patients have been reported to be at risk of developing extracellular Mg deficiency. However, the intracellular free Mg concentration and its role in the enhanced platelet reactivity in diabetes is not known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the intracellular erythrocyte (RBC) Mg2+ concentration in 20 non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetics. In addition, the effects of intravenous 3-h drip or 8 wk of oral Mg supplementation on intracellular RBC Mg2+ levels and platelet reactivity was studied. To more clearly evaluate the direct role of Mg in these effects, we induced isolated Mg deficiency in 16 nondiabetic control subjects with an Mg-free liquid diet for 3 wk. RESULTS The intracellular RBC Mg2+ concentration of diabetic patients was significantly reduced compared with values in nondiabetic control subjects (166 +/- 7 vs. 204 +/- 7 microM, P less than 0.01). Serum Mg levels were also reduced in the diabetic patients compared with the control subjects (1.59 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.1 mEq/L, P less than 0.05). Oral Mg supplementation for 8 wk (400 mg/day) restored RBC Mg2+ concentration to normal without significantly changing serum Mg concentration. Both intravenous and oral Mg supplementation markedly reduced platelet reactivity in response to the thromboxane A2 analog, U46619. The Mg-free diet resulted in a significant reduction in RBC Mg2+ concentration and markedly enhanced the sensitivity of platelet aggregation to U46619 and ADP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that type II diabetic patients have intracellular Mg2+ deficiency and that Mg deficiency may be a key factor in leading to enhanced platelet reactivity in type II diabetes. Therefore, Mg supplementation may provide a new therapeutic approach to reducing vascular disease in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nadler
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010
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Samelson LE, O'Shea JJ, Luong H, Ross P, Urdahl KB, Klausner RD, Bluestone J. T cell antigen receptor phosphorylation induced by an anti-receptor antibody. The Journal of Immunology 1987. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.139.8.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In previous studies we demonstrated that the antigen receptor complex on murine T cells is phosphorylated after antigen or mitogen activation. After the clonotypic structures bind antigen, the invariant subunits or CD3 molecules are the target of dual kinase activation. The antigen receptor CD3-gamma-chain subunit is phosphorylated on serine residues by activated protein kinase C and the p21 subunit is phosphorylated by a tyrosine kinase. Herein we demonstrate that another mechanism of receptor activation by the stimulatory monoclonal antibody 145-2C11, which binds the CD3-epsilon chain, results in a similar pattern of kinase activation and receptor phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Samelson
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - J J O'Shea
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - H Luong
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - P Ross
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - K B Urdahl
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - R D Klausner
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - J Bluestone
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Samelson LE, O'Shea JJ, Luong H, Ross P, Urdahl KB, Klausner RD, Bluestone J. T cell antigen receptor phosphorylation induced by an anti-receptor antibody. J Immunol 1987; 139:2708-14. [PMID: 2443570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we demonstrated that the antigen receptor complex on murine T cells is phosphorylated after antigen or mitogen activation. After the clonotypic structures bind antigen, the invariant subunits or CD3 molecules are the target of dual kinase activation. The antigen receptor CD3-gamma-chain subunit is phosphorylated on serine residues by activated protein kinase C and the p21 subunit is phosphorylated by a tyrosine kinase. Herein we demonstrate that another mechanism of receptor activation by the stimulatory monoclonal antibody 145-2C11, which binds the CD3-epsilon chain, results in a similar pattern of kinase activation and receptor phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Samelson
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Klausner RD, O'Shea JJ, Luong H, Ross P, Bluestone JA, Samelson LE. T cell receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Variable coupling for different activating ligands. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:12654-9. [PMID: 3114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported (Samelson, L.E., Patel, M.D., Weissman, A.M., Harford, J.B., and Klausner, R.D. (1986) Cell 46, 1083-1090) that T cell activation by antigen is associated with activation of two biochemical pathways. In this scheme two protein kinases are activated by stimulation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). These kinases phosphorylate two different chains of the TCR complex. Protein kinase C is responsible for the phosphorylation of the gamma, and, to a lesser extent, the epsilon chains of the receptor on serine residues while the activation of an unidentified tyrosine kinase leads to phosphorylation of the p21 subunit of the receptor on tyrosine residues. In addition to activation by specific antigens, T cells can be functionally activated in vitro by the addition of antibodies that bind either the antigen receptor or the Thy-1 molecule, an entity independent of the receptor. We have used antibodies directed against these molecules and show that they result in the same dual kinase activation observed with antigen stimulation. In addition we have compared the three ligands, antigen, and antibodies directed against the epsilon chain of the TCR or against Thy-1, in terms of how they couple to the two kinase pathways. Activation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown and TCR phosphorylation on serine by all three stimuli are sensitive to cAMP inhibition. In contrast, only antigen-stimulated tyrosine kinase activation is sensitive to cAMP while the two antibody reagents activate the tyrosine kinase in a manner that is entirely insensitive to cAMP inhibition.
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Klausner RD, O'Shea JJ, Luong H, Ross P, Bluestone JA, Samelson LE. T cell receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Variable coupling for different activating ligands. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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