1
|
Shibahashi E, Jujo K, Ueshima D, Fujimoto Y, Shimazaki K, Tanaka T, Murata T, Miyazaki T, Matsumoto M, Tokuyama H, Shimura T, Higashitani M. Statins bring the prognostic impact only in peripheral artery disease patients with elevated c-reactive proteins -subanalysis from multicenter registry-. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Recent trials demonstrated favorable effects of statins on the clinical prognosis, partly through anti-inflammatory properties, in patients with coronary artery disease. However, this favorable effect has not been fully verified in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We hypothesized that statins exert different prognostic effects depending on the degrees of inflammation at the time of endovascular therapy (EVT).
Methods
This study is a subanalysis from the Toma-Code Registry that is a Japanese prospective cohort of 2,321 consecutive patients with PAD treated by endovascular therapy in hospitals from 2014 to 2016. After the exclusion of patients without information of C-reactive protein (CRP) at the time of index EVT, 2,039 patients including 1,039 statin users and 1,000 statin non-users were ultimately analyzed. The patient enrolled were divided into 4 categories depending on CRP level at the time of EVT; Low-CRP (<0.1 mg/dL), Intermediate-low-CRP (0.1–0.3 mg/dL), Intermediate-High-CRP (0.3–1.0 mg/dL), and High-CRP (>1.0 mg/dL). A composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and major amputation as the primary endpoint of this study was compared between statin users and non-users in each CRP category.
Results
The composite endpoint occurred in 255 patients during the observation period. Overall, statin users had a significantly lower event rate than non-users (Log-rank test: P<0.001). However, there were no significant difference in the event rates between statin users and non-users in the Low-, and Intermediate-Low-CRP categories. Only in the Intermediate-High- and the High-CRP categories, statin users showed a significantly lower event rates than non-users (P=0.02 and P=0.008, respectively, Figures). Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis in the High-CRP group revealed that statin use was independently associated with the primary endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.67 [95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.99]), even after the adjustment of covariants.
Conclusion
Statins may exert a favorable prognostic effect in PAD patients with highly elevated CRP, but not in those with low to moderate CRP level.
Event free survival
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - K Jujo
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Ueshima
- Kameda Medical Center, Cardiology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Fujimoto
- Toranomon Hospital, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Shimazaki
- Nishiarai Heart Center, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Sakakibara Heart Institute, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Murata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Miyazaki
- Oume Municipal General Hospital, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Matsumoto
- Yokohama Central Hospital, Cardiology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Tokuyama
- Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital, Cardiology, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - T Shimura
- Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Cardiology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Higashitani
- Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoshifuji A, Wakino S, Irie J, Minakuchi H, Hasegawa K, Tokuyama H, Hayashi K, Itoh H, Xu H, Huang X, Riserus U, Cederholm T, Arnlov J, Sjogren P, Lindholm B, Carrero JJ, Poesen R, Windey K, Evenepoel P, De Preter V, Verbeke K, Meijers B, De Roij Van Zuijdewijn CL, Nube MJ, Bots ML, Blankestijn PJ, Van Den Dorpel MA, Ter Wee PM, Grooteman MP, Poesen R, Windey K, Masereeuw R, Van Den Broek PH, Evenepoel P, Meijers B, Verbeke K. CKD NUTRITION. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
3
|
Stoffa PL, Wood WT, Shipley TH, Moore GF, Nishiyama E, Botelho MAB, Taira A, Tokuyama H, Suyehiro K. Deepwater high-resolution expanding spread and split spread seismic profiles in the Nankai Trough. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
4
|
Tokuyama H, Wakino S, Hara Y, Washida N, Fujimura K, Hosoya K, Yoshioka K, Hasegawa K, Minakuchi H, Homma K, Hayashi K, Itoh H. Role of mineralocorticoid receptor/Rho/Rho-kinase pathway in obesity-related renal injury. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:1062-71. [PMID: 22184057 PMCID: PMC3419977 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We examined whether aldosterone/Rho/Rho-kinase pathway contributed to obesity-associated nephropathy. SUBJECTS: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat or low fat diet, and mice on a high fat diet were treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, eplerenone. RESULTS: The mice on a high fat diet not only developed obesity, but also manifested renal histological changes, including glomerular hypercellularity and increased mesangial matrix, which paralleled the increase in albuminuria. Furthermore, enhanced Rho-kinase activity was noted in kidneys from high fat diet-fed mice, as well as increased expressions of inflammatory chemokines. All of these changes were attenuated by eplerenone. In high fat diet-fed mice, mineralocorticoid receptor protein levels in the nuclear fraction and SGK1, an effector of aldosterone, were upregulated in kidneys, although serum aldosterone levels were unaltered. Furthermore, aldosterone and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in renal tissues were upregulated in high fat diet-fed mice. Finally, in cultured mesangial cells, stimulation with aldosterone enhanced Rho-kinase activity, and pre-incubation with eplerenone prevented the aldosterone-induced activation of Rho kinase. CONCLUSION: Excess fat intake causes obesity and renal injury in C57BL/6J mice, and these changes are mediated by an enhanced mineralocorticoid receptor/Rho/Rho-kinase pathway and inflammatory process. Mineralocorticoid receptor activation in the kidney tissue and the subsequent Rho-kinase stimulation are likely to participate in the development of obesity-associated nephropathy without elevation in serum aldosterone levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hara Y, Wakino S, Tanabe Y, Saito M, Tokuyama H, Washida N, Tatematsu S, Yoshioka K, Homma K, Hasegawa K, Minakuchi H, Fujimura K, Hosoya K, Hayashi K, Nakayama K, Itoh H. Rho and Rho-Kinase Activity in Adipocytes Contributes to a Vicious Cycle in Obesity That May Involve Mechanical Stretch. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra3. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Tokuyama H, Sasaki M, Sakohara S. Work of Adhesion as a Dominant Factor in Formation of Composition-Gradient Thermosensitive Gel. Chem Eng Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200600249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Yamamoto M, Sakaguchi A, Funatsu M, Kofuji H, Tokuyama H. Determination of the deposition of cosmogenic radionuclide 35S and sulfate in a heavy-snowfall area facing the Sea of Japan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-006-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-vinblastine (1) has been achieved using a novel radical-mediated indole synthesis developed in our laboratories. The isothiocyanate 18, prepared readily from quinoline 17, underwent a facile addition of the malonate anion to give 19. The o-alkenylthioanilide 19 was then converted to indole 20 by radical cyclization and protection. (−)-Vindoline (2) was prepared from this key intermediate 20 in a highly efficient manner. The indole core of the 11-membered intermediate 3 was constructed similarly from quinoline. The critical coupling reaction between 2 and the chloroindolenine derived from 3 proceeded with complete control of stereochemistry to give the desired product 66 in 97 % yield, which could be successfully converted to (+)-vinblastine (1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokoshima
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T. Ueda
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S. Kobayashi
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A. Sato
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuboyama
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H. Tokuyama
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T. Fukuyama
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hayashi K, Matsuda H, Honda M, Ozawa Y, Tokuyama H, Okubo K, Takamatsu I, Kanda T, Tatematsu S, Homma K, Saruta T. Impact of calcium antagonists on bleeding time in patients with chronic renal failure. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16:199-203. [PMID: 11896510 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2001] [Revised: 10/11/2001] [Accepted: 10/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic diathesis develops in chronic renal failure, in which calcium antagonists are used widely as antihypertensive agents. Although calcium antagonists are reported to impair platelet function, it has not been examined whether calcium antagonists alter bleeding time. The present study was conducted to clarify whether calcium antagonists affect bleeding time in chronic renal failure. Patients with chronic renal failure without and with calcium antagonists were enrolled (n = 156), and bleeding time (Ivy's method) as well as blood parameters (BUN, creatinine, platelet counts, and haemoglobin) were compared in patients with normal and prolonged bleeding time. Among patients not taking calcium antagonists (n = 34), three cases manifested prolonged bleeding time, whereas abnormal bleeding time was observed in 31 patients out of 122. Positive correlations were observed between bleeding time and BUN in both calcium antagonist-untreated (r = 0.46) and -treated groups (r = 0.25). The odds ratio for prolongation of bleeding time in patients taking calcium antagonists was 3.52 (95% CI, 1.01-12.33). In 12 calcium antagonist-treated patients with prolonged bleeding time, the withdrawal of calcium antagonists markedly shortened bleeding time (from 11.3 +/- 0.8 to 5.4 +/- 0.8 min, P < 0.05, n = 12). In contrast, in the additional group (n = 9), the continued treatment with calcium antagonists had no effect on bleeding time (from 11.7 +/- 0.9 to 10.0 +/- 1.0 min). Despite the inhibitory effect of calcium antagonists on bleeding time, no clinically serious events associated with haemorrhagic diathesis developed. In conclusion, calcium antagonists prolong bleeding time in patients with chronic renal failure. The subclinical (laboratory) effect of calcium antagonists however is not necessarily associated with haemorrhagic events of clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Honda M, Hayashi K, Matsuda H, Kubota E, Tokuyama H, Okubo K, Takamatsu I, Ozawa Y, Saruta T. Divergent renal vasodilator action of L- and T-type calcium antagonists in vivo. J Hypertens 2001; 19:2031-7. [PMID: 11677369 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200111000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the in-vivo action on the renal microvasculature of the calcium antagonists nifedipine (L-type blocker), efonidipine (L/T-type blocker), and mibefradil (predominant T-type blocker). DESIGN An intravital needle-type charge-coupled device (CCD) camera videomicroscope was introduced to visualize the renal microcirculation directly in vivo. METHODS In anesthetized mongrel dogs, nifedipine (0.01-1 mg/kg per min), efonidipine (0.033-0.33 mg/kg per min), or mibefradil (0.01-1 mg/kg per min) was infused intravenously after the insertion of a CCD probe into the kidney. Renal microvascular responses to calcium antagonists were directly evaluated, with concomitant observation of renal clearance. RESULTS Each calcium antagonist caused modest vasodepressor action without affecting heart rate. Nifedipine (1 mg/kg per min, n = 9) increased renal plasma flow (RPF) (14 +/- 4%, P < 0.05) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (19 +/- 5%, P < 0.05), and tended to increase the filtration fraction (5 +/- 2% increment, P = 0.07). Efonidipine (0.33 mg/kg per min, n = 9), however, had no effect on filtration fraction, with 14 +/- 6% increments in RPF (P < 0.05) and 14 +/- 7% increments in GFR (P = 0.08). Rather, mibefradil (1 mg/kg per min, n = 9) elicited 6 +/- 2% decreases in filtration fraction (P < 0.05), with slight increments in RPF (6 +/- 3%) and no changes in GFR. In direct in-vivo microvasculature observations, nifedipine caused predominant (22 +/- 2%) dilatation of afferent arterioles (from 15.5 +/- 0.4 to 18.9 +/- 0.4 microm, n = 5), compared with that of efferent arterioles (10 +/- 2%; from 11.0 +/- 0.4 to 12.1 +/- 0.3 microm). In contrast, efonidipine caused a similar magnitude of vasodilatation (16 +/- 4%) compared with 18 +/- 2%; n = 6), and mibefradil caused greater dilatation of efferent arterioles (20 +/- 4%, n = 7) than that of afferent arterioles (13 +/- 4%). CONCLUSIONS There exists marked heterogeneity in action of nifedipine, efonidipine and mibefradil on the renal microvascular in canine kidneys in vivo. Furthermore, our current observations suggest an important contribution of T-type calcium channel activity to efferent arteriolar tone in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Honda M, Hayashi K, Matsuda H, Kubota E, Tokuyama H, Okubo K, Ozawa Y, Saruta T. Divergent natriuretic action of calcium channel antagonists in mongrel dogs: renal haemodynamics as a determinant of natriuresis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2001; 101:421-7. [PMID: 11566080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of different types of calcium channel antagonists on renal haemodynamics and natriuresis. The intravenous infusion of nifedipine (L-type blocker), efonidipine (L/T-type blocker) or mibefradil (predominant T-type blocker) into anaesthetized dogs elicited similar, albeit modest, reductions in blood pressure. Nifedipine (1 microgram.min(-1).kg(-1)) increased renal plasma flow (RPF) (23+/-6%; P<0.05) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (25+/-5%; P<0.05) (all values are means+/-S.E.M., n=7). Efonidipine (0.33 microgram .min(-1).kg(-1)) also elevated RPF (18+/-6%; P<0.05), and tended to increase GFR (17+/-8%; P=0.08). These antagonists exerted contrasting actions on the filtration fraction (FF), with an increase being elicited by nifedipine, whereas efonidipine had no effect. Furthermore, mibefradil (0.01-1 microgram.min(-1).kg(-1)) slightly elevated RPF (between 5+/-3% and 8+/-3%), but failed to alter GFR, resulting in a decrease in FF. Nifedipine slightly increased urinary sodium excretion (U(Na)V) (29+/-16% increase at 1 microgram .min(-1).kg(-1)) and fractional sodium excretion (FE(Na)) (18+/-14%), whereas efonidipine (0.33 microgram .min(-1).kg(-1)) elicited marked elevations in U(Na)V (110+/-38%; P<0.05) and FE(Na) (102+/-44%; P<0.05). Mibefradil (1 microgram .min(-1).kg(-1)) exerted a moderate natriuretic action [U(Na)V, +60+/-32% (P=0.1); FE(Na), +67+/-20% (P<0.05)]. Furthermore, although a positive correlation was observed between U(Na)V and urinary nitrate/nitrite excretion, no differences were noted between the various calcium channel antagonists. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the glomerular haemodynamic and natriuretic actions of these calcium channel antagonists, which possess diverse blocking activities on L/T-type channels, vary. Based on the divergent actions on FF (i.e. increase, no change and decrease by nifedipine, efonidipine and mibefradil respectively), the natriuretic action of calcium channel antagonists is possibly attributed to the inhibition of tubular sodium reabsorption associated with increased post-glomerular blood flow, rather than increased GFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kubota E, Hayashi K, Matsuda H, Honda M, Tokuyama H, Okubo K, Naitoh M, Arakawa K, Saruta T. Role of intrarenal angiotensin II in glucocorticoid-induced renal vasodilation. Clin Exp Nephrol 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s101570170009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
13
|
Kambe M, Arai E, Suzuki M, Tokuyama H, Fukuyama T. Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy for enantioselective synthesis of FR-900482 analogues. Org Lett 2001; 3:2575-8. [PMID: 11483064 DOI: 10.1021/ol016243t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Enantioselective synthesis of FR-900482 analogues is described. The key reaction of the synthesis is intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a highly functionalized nitrile oxide with complete stereo- and regioselectivities to construct the eight-membered benzazocine ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kambe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, CREST, The Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tokuyama H, Tokuyama Y. Class switch recombination signals induce lymphocyte-derived Spo11 expression and Spo11 antisense oligonucleotide inhibits class switching. Cell Immunol 2001; 211:123-30. [PMID: 11591116 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that mouse Spo11 is induced in normal mu(+) B cells by class switch recombination (CSR) stimuli, by RT-PCR using primers based on the reported cDNA sequence of testis-derived Spo11 (test-Spo11) cDNA. In the present study, we first determined the cDNA sequence of lymphocyte-derived Spo11 (lym-Spo11). The 5' upstream portion had an as yet unreported sequence but the remaining part from exons 2 to 12 and the subsequent 3'UTR was completely identical to that of test-Spo11. RT-PCR analysis indicated that lymphocytes express lym-Spo11 but not test-Spo11. Second, we showed that lym-Spo11 is strongly induced (above eightfold) in the IgA CSR system of LPS-stimulated mu(+)B cells in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid and IL-4. Finally, we examined whether lym-Spo11 antisense S-oligonucleotide (AS) can inhibit CSR reactions in three in vitro CSR systems, IgA,IgG1, and IgE. Lym-Spo11 AS or the sense oligonucleotide was added to the cultures at the start, and total RNA was extracted after 4 days. IgA, IgG1, and IgE mRNAs (J(H)C(H)) and mature germline C(H) transcripts (I(H)C(H)) were quantitatively assayed by RT-PCR. AS inhibited J(H)C(H) expression dose-dependently. In all three systems, the maximum inhibition by 20 microM AS was in the range of 60 to 90%. Interestingly, I(H)C(H) was also inhibited by AS to a similar extent as J(H)C(H). These results suggested that lym-Spo11 plays an important role in the initiation step of CSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa-ken, 920-0934, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hayashi K, Ozawa Y, Tokuyama H. [Therapeutic strategy for progressive renal disease]. Nihon Rinsho 2001; 59:955-60. [PMID: 11391998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Renal disease constitutes an important determinant of cardiovascular disease. Although the mechanisms for the progression of renal impairment remain fully undetermined, available evidence indicate that renal glomerular hypertension is responsible in part for the development of renal injury. In renal disease, afferent arteriolar tone is reported to be reduced, while the augmented intrarenal angiotensin II serves to act as an efferent arteriolar constrictor, both of which result in an increase in glomerular capillary pressure. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) are established as the agent possessing both antihypertensive and renoprotective actions, which exert vasodilator action on efferent arterioles. Calcium antagonists are also reported to have salutary effect on renal disease, although their beneficial action varies depending on the antagonists used and the underlying disease. The use of calcium antagonists, however, is mandatory particularly under the circumstance where renal failure moderately to severely progresses and the ACE-I cannot be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yokoshima S, Tokuyama H, Fukuyama T. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Gelsemine: Determination of Its Absolute Configuration This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Sports, and Culture, Japan. S.Y. thanks the JSPS for a predoctoral fellowship. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4073-4075. [PMID: 11093209 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001117)39:22<4073::aid-anie4073>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo, CREST The Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 (Japan)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Although it is known that renal injury develops in obesity and diabetes mellitus, there have been no investigations examining the impact of insulin resistance per se on the development of renal injury. The present study was undertaken to examine whether insulin resistance and obesity influence urinary protein excretion (UPE) in female heminephrectomized Wistar fatty rats (WFRs). After 24 weeks of heminephrectomy in WFRs, the body weight ([BW], 465+/-18 g; n = 6), blood pressure (155+/-5 mm Hg), serum insulin to glucose ratio (1.31+/-0.39 microU/mg), and daily UPE (24+/-7 mg/d) were greater versus Wistar lean rats ([WLRs] 258+/-8 g, 134+/-1 mm Hg, 0.19+/-0.06 microU/mg, and 5+/-1 mg/d, respectively; n = 6), whereas blood glucose levels did not increase significantly. In WFRs, long-term (ie, 24 weeks) treatment with troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, improved the serum insulin to glucose ratio (0.17+/-0.09 microU/mg), reduced blood pressure (to 140+/-4 mm Hg), and decreased UPE (to 7+/-1 mg/d), although it had no effect on BW. Of note, with troglitazone treatment, the reduction in proteinuria preceded the correction of hypertension (ie, at week 12). In conclusion, our study suggests that insulin resistance per se causes proteinuria that does not appear to depend on blood pressure. Furthermore, long-term therapy with troglitazone may be a useful tool for the treatment of renal injury in the insulin-resistant condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tokuyama H, Tokuyama Y. Mouse homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae spo11 is induced in normal mu(+)B-cells by stimuli that cause germline C(H) transcription and subsequent class switch recombination. Cell Immunol 2000; 202:1-5. [PMID: 10873300 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2000.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first step of Ig heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR) is considered to be DNA double strand break (DSB) formation in the two switch (S) regions (S(mu) and downstream S(H)), although the underlying mechanism is unknown. Recently, it has been demonstrated that at least Spo11, a homolog of the novel type II topoisomerase (topo VI) that catalyzes DSB formation, is involved in the initiation of meiotic recombination of Saccaromyces cerevisiae. In the present study, we examined whether the mouse homolog of Spo11 is induced in normal mouse mu(+)B-cells by stimuli that cause an early step of CSR, germline C(H) transcription, and subsequent CSR. Two CSR systems were used: IgA CSR induced by all-trans retinoic acid, IL-5, and LPS, and IgG1 CSR induced by IL-4 and LPS. Germline transcript and mouse Spo11 expression were analyzed by RT-PCR. In both systems, first germline transcripts were clearly detected on day 2 and then Spo11 was detected on day 3, increasing thereafter with time. The time course of changes in Spo11 expression coincided with that of CSR. Spo11 seems to be induced by CSR-inducing stimuli, regardless of the direction of CSR. These results suggested that mouse Spo11 might participate in the initiation step of CSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa-ken, 920-0934, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tokuyama H, Nakayama Y, Tsuno M, Obayashi M, Nanjoh T, Kin H, Yanagawa K, Kawaguchi M, Nishimori T, Sakazaki S, Han N, Kuroki T. [A case of anisakiasis of the rectum treated under colonoscopy]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 97:616-8. [PMID: 10846420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ikuwakai Memorial Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ando R, Sakaki T, Morinaka Y, Takahashi C, Tamao Y, Yoshii N, Katayama S, Saito K, Tokuyama H, Isaka M, Nakamura E. Cyclopropenone-containing cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Synthesis and enzyme inhibitory activities. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:571-9. [PMID: 10353636 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
By focusing on the amphiphilic properties of cyclopropenone (e.g. a good electrophile and a precursor for a stable 2pi-aromatic hydroxycyclopropenium cation), a new class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors containing a cyclopropenone moiety was designed. For the purpose of the present research, we needed to devise a new method to introduce a peptide-related moiety as a substituent on the cyclopropenone residue. We investigated the reaction of metalated cyclopropenone acetal derivatives (2, R2 = metal) with N-protected alpha-aminoaldehydes 4 to obtain the adduct 5, and succeeded in the preparation of highly potentiated cysteine proteinase inhibitors 8 after several steps transformations. They showed strong inhibitory activities only to cysteine proteinases such as calpain, papain, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L and not to serine (e.g. thrombin and cathepsin G) and aspartic proteinases (e.g. cathepsin D). Kinetic studies indicated that they are competitive inhibitors, and by the examinations of their inhibitory mechanism it became clear that they are reversible inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ando
- Pharmaceuticals Laboratory 1, Yokohama Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hayashi K, Matsuda H, Nagahama T, Fujiwara K, Ozawa Y, Kubota E, Honda M, Tokuyama H, Saruta T. Impaired nitric oxide-independent dilation of renal afferent arterioles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 1999; 22:31-7. [PMID: 10221348 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.22.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sustained hypertension alters vasomotor regulation in various vascular beds. We studied whether nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and NO-independent vasodilator mechanisms are altered in renal microvessels in hypertension. To directly visualize the renal microcirculation, the isolated perfused hydronephrotic rat kidney model was used. After pretreatment with indomethacin (100 micromol/l), afferent arterioles were constricted by norepinephrine (NE) or by increasing renal arterial pressure (i.e., myogenic constriction; from 80 to 180 mmHg). Acetylcholine (ACH) was then added, and the renal microvascular response was assessed by computer-assisted video image analysis. A similar protocol was conducted in the presence of nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME; 100 micromol/l). During NE constriction, ACH caused dose-dependent and sustained vasodilation of the afferent arteriole, similar in magnitude in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the presence of L-NAME, ACH (0.01-1 micromol/l) elicited only transient dilation, and the degree of vasodilation was very low in SHR. During myogenic constriction, afferent arterioles from WKY and SHR kidneys responded to ACH with only transient vasodilation, which was unaffected by NO inhibition; the transient vasodilative responses elicited by ACH (0.1-1 micromol/l) were smaller in SHR than in WKY. In conclusion, ACH has both sustained and transient vasodilative effects on the afferent arteriole. Sustained vasodilation is attributed to NO generation, which is similar in WKY and SHR. In contrast, transient vasodilation, mediated by NO-independent vasodilator factors, is impaired in SHR. Deranged vasodilatory mechanisms in hypertension may disturb the renal microcirculation, which may result in renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tokuyama H, Tokuyama Y. The regulatory effects of all-trans-retinoic acid on isotype switching: retinoic acid induces IgA switch rearrangement in cooperation with IL-5 and inhibits IgG1 switching. Cell Immunol 1999; 192:41-7. [PMID: 10066345 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1998.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) can induce germline Calpha transcription in LPS-stimulated murine mu(+)B-cells by a TGF-beta-independent mechanism. In the present study, we examined whether RA can further drive the IgA switching process to Smu-Salpha switch rearrangement by DC-PCR. RA alone could not induce switch rearrangement but required the cooperation of IL-5. RA has another effect on isotype switching; RA strongly inhibits IL-4-dependent IgG1 and IgE production. To analyze the mechanism of IgG1 inhibition, we tested whether RA can inhibit IL-4-dependent Smu-Sgamma1 switch rearrangement. IL-4 by itself could induce Smu-Sgamma1 switch rearrangement in LPS-stimulated mu(+)B-cells. Addition of RA inhibited this reaction. RA also showed an inhibitory effect on the preceding step, i.e., Igamma1Cgamma1 transcription. Therefore, RA inhibition of Smu-Sgamma1 switch rearrangement was regulated at the level of germline Cgamma1 transcription. We further analyzed the amounts of both Igamma1Cgamma1 and IalphaCalpha expressed in LPS-stimulated B-cells exposed to mixtures of the two switch inducers, RA and IL-4, at various concentrations and found that the two transcripts were regulated antagonistically. These results indicated that RA can regulate isotype switching at the level of germline transcription and directs switching to IgA with the help of IL-5 and inhibits IgG1 switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa-ken, 920-0934, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The effects of retinoic acid (RA) on expression of germ-line transcripts, I alpha C alpha and I gamma 1C gamma 1, and of IgA and IgG1 mRNAs by murine surface IgM-positive B-cells were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). LPS-stimulated B-cells were cultured for 2-3 days in the presence of IL-4 and IL-5 with or without RA. Total RNA was extracted from the cells, and RT-PCR specific for the germ-line transcripts was carried out. RA strongly induced mature germ-line C alpha transcript (I alpha C alpha) at concentrations between 10 and 100 nM. On the other hand, RA completely inhibited IL-4-induced I gamma 1C gamma 1 expression. Significant induction of I alpha C alpha was observed even at a low RA concentration (0.2 nM) in the presence of LPS (1.5-5 micrograms/ml) and without cytokines, and three- to fourfold stimulation of I alpha C alpha induction was seen at 5 nM. I alpha C alpha expression induced by RA (10 nM) and LPS (1.5 micrograms/ml) was not significantly affected by addition of anti-TGF-beta 1 and anti-TGF-beta 2 neutralizing antibodies, although that induced by TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 was completely inhibited by these antibodies. These results suggest that the major induction pathway of I alpha C alpha was not mediated by active TGF-beta and that RA at physiological concentrations may be involved in IgA isotype switching in vivo in a TGF-beta-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
New water-soluble fullerene carboxylic acids (1 and 2) derived from C60 and C70 fullerenes, respectively, were examined for photocytotoxicity toward Raji cells (B lymphocyte). These compounds did not show any photocytotoxic effect even at 50 microM, while pheophorbide a showed significant photocytotoxicity at 0.5 microM. Therefore, fullerene derivatives derived from C60 and C70 would not be practical agents for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Irie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tokuyama Y, Tokuyama H. Retinoids as Ig isotype-switch modulators. The role of retinoids in directing isotype switching to IgA and IgG1 (IgE) in association with IL-4 and IL-5. Cell Immunol 1996; 170:230-4. [PMID: 8674128 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1996.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of retinoids was analyzed in directing isotype switching to IgA and IgG1 (IgE) by LPS-stimulated murine mu(+)B-cells in the presence of two Th2-type cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5. All trans retinoic acid (RA) enhanced the production of IgA at high concentrations (10-100 nM) in the presence of IL-5. Addition of IL-4 to the system modulated the IgA response in a dose-dependent manner. Namely, IL-4 inhibited the response at concentrations higher than 250 u/ml, but showed slight enhancement at lower concentrations (130 u/ml). IL-4 alone, which is considered to be an IgE isotype-switch inducer, strongly enhanced the IgG1 and IgE responses. Addition of IL-5 to the system showed a synergistic effect which could be attenuated by addition of low concentrations of RA (about 1 nM). Thus, the presence of switch modulators such as IL-4 and IL-5, their concentration ratios, and concentrations of retinoids are crucial factors in initiating and directing isotype switching to IgA and IgG1 (IgE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokuyama
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
For evaluation of the comfortable zone (CZ) and the most comfortable position (MCP) of the occlusal vertical relation of the mandible, the constant stimuli method with three subjective categories of judgements was applied in 10 edentulous subjects. The evaluated CZ was stable and about 3 mm in width. The occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of the existing dentures was found to be located within the CZ in nine of the 10 subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abekura
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The bite force and EMG activity of jaw closing muscles were studied at seven different vertical jaw positions around the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in 10 edentulous subjects. When the masseteric EMG activity was maintained at constant values (40% and 20% of the maximum activity at the OVD), the bite force increased in proportion to increase of the vertical dimension. On the other hand, when the bite force was maintained at constant values (4 kg and 8 kg), the EMG activities of the jaw closing muscles decreased, with an increase of the vertical dimension. These results indicate that the OVD is not the position at which the most efficient exertion of the bite force is obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Morimoto
- Department of Orai Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) enhances IgA production by LPS-stimulated murine splenocytes. After stimulation by RA and LPS, or by LPS alone, total RNA was extracted from cultured cells on Days 1 to 4, and the kinetics of expression of various cytokine mRNAs were analyzed by the RT-PCR method. RA induced the expression of IL-5 and TGF-beta 2 mRNAs in the LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, the expression of IL-6 and IL-2 mRNAs was more intensive in RA-stimulated cells than in unstimulated cells. TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 mRNAs were constitutively expressed in both culture groups. RA enhanced IgA production by LPS-stimulated spleen cells but not that by LPS-stimulated mu(+) naive splenic B-cells. For RA-induced IgA production, the B-cells required T-cells or the culture supernatant from RA-stimulated T-cells. Furthermore, exogenous IL-5 replaced the T-cell requirement, at least in part, in RA-induced IgA production by LPS-stimulated B-cells. This reaction was partially inhibited by anti-TGF-beta-neutralizing antibodies. These findings suggest that RA induces IgA production by (IL-5 + LPS)-stimulated B-cells in TGF-beta-independent and TGF-beta-dependent manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The effects of stabilization splints on the electromyographic activity patterns of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles during maximal clenching in healthy subjects and subjects with different types of stomatognathic dysfunction syndrome were investigated. No marked effect of splints on the asymmetry of muscle activity during bilateral clenching was revealed immediately after splint insertion. During unilateral clenching in the intercuspal position (ICP), the relative asymmetry index (rAI) of the masseter muscles, detecting the imbalance of left and right muscular activity, was significantly increased. The use of splints suppressed the asymmetry of masseter muscle activity during unilateral clenching. This result suggests that the use of a splint is a method of suppressing clench-caused aggravation of stomatognathic dysfunction in the presence of an imbalance between left and right muscle activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abekura
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abekura H, Kotani H, Tokuyama H, Hamada T. Asymmetry of masticatory muscle activity during intercuspal maximal clenching in healthy subjects and subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction syndrome. J Oral Rehabil 1995; 22:699-704. [PMID: 7490670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the asymmetry of masticatory muscle activity during maximal intercuspal clenching in healthy subjects and subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction syndrome. Stomatognathic dysfunction syndrome, unilateral mastication and the asymmetry of masticatory muscle activity appear to be related to each other. The asymmetry of masseter muscle activity was greater as stomatognathic dysfunction became increasingly severe. Because fatigue and pain are produced more quickly by unilateral clenching than bilateral clenching, clenching under conditions of left and right muscular imbalance can further aggravate stomatognathic dysfunction. It is suggested the asymmetry of masseter muscle activity during maximal clenching correlates with the onset of the stomatognathic dysfunction syndrome. Stomatognathic dysfunction syndrome is closely related to the asymmetry of masseter muscle activity and only slightly related to the asymmetry of temporal muscle activity. The asymmetry of anterior temporal muscle activity appears to have little clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abekura
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Hiroshima University, School of Dentistry, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yamago S, Tokuyama H, Nakamura E, Kikuchi K, Kananishi S, Sueki K, Nakahara H, Enomoto S, Ambe F. In vivo biological behavior of a water-miscible fullerene: 14C labeling, absorption, distribution, excretion and acute toxicity. Chem Biol 1995; 2:385-9. [PMID: 9383440 DOI: 10.1016/1074-5521(95)90219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water-soluble fullerenes have recently been shown to exhibit considerable in vitro biological activity including cytotoxicity, site-selective DNA cleavage and inhibition of HIV protease. To assess the potential of these compounds as drugs, studies on the in vivo behavior of fullerenes are needed. We therefore set out to synthesize a radiolabeled, water-soluble fullerene, in order to obtain data on the oral absorption, distribution and excretion of this class of compounds. RESULTS We synthesized a 14C-labeled water-soluble [60]fullerene using dipolar trimethylenemethane, which undergoes cycloaddition to [60]fullerene. When administered orally to rats, this compound was not efficiently absorbed and was excreted primarily in the feces. When injected intravenously, however, it was distributed rapidly to various tissues, and most of the material was retained in the body after one week. The compound was also able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acute toxicity of the water-miscible fullerene was found to be quite low. CONCLUSIONS Although the water-soluble fullerenes (and possibly their simple metabolites) are not acutely toxic, they are retained in the body for long periods, raising concerns about chronic toxic effects. The fact that fullerenes distribute rapidly to many tissues suggests that they may eventually be useful to deliver highly polar drugs through membranes to a target tissue, however, and they may even have applications in the delivery of drugs to the brain. Recent advances in fullerene synthetic chemistry may also make it possible to control fullerene absorption/excretion profiles in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamago
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The effects of retinoids (all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin A) and hydrocortisone (HC) on the IL-4-dependent IgE and IgG1 response by mouse whole spleen cells and splenic B cells were studied. Whole spleen cells were cultured for 8 days in the presence of LPS and IL-4 and the supernatants were assayed for IgG1 and IgE. The levels of the two classes were enhanced about twofold by the addition of HC at 10 nM. The addition of retinoids to the above culture system within 1 day from the start strongly inhibited both IgG1 and IgE responses. The concentration inhibiting both of the reactions by 50% was about 3-10 nM for RA and 300 nM-1 microM for vitamin A. In the case of splenic B cells, HC also showed an enhancing effect on the IgG1 and IgE production at extremely low concentrations (20 pM-2 nM), but at higher concentrations (above 10 nM) it was inhibitory. IL-4-dependent IgG1 and IgE production of LPS-stimulated splenic B cells was also inhibited by retinoids. The concentration giving 50% inhibition was 0.2 nM for RA and 150 nM for vitamin A. Exogenous TGF-beta 1 also inhibited the IL-4-dependent IgG1 and IgE production by splenic B cells and the inhibition was reverted in the presence of the specific neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta 1. However, the inhibition by 1 nM RA could not be abolished by the excess antibodies to TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okada G, Reungmaneepaitoon S, Nakano N, Nomura T, Tokuyama H, Ryoyama K, Yamaguchi K, Kameyama T. A Mer- phenotype of ethionine-resistant HeLa S3 variants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1995; 31:168-70. [PMID: 7757296 DOI: 10.1007/bf02639428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
34
|
Abstract
We examined the regulatory effects of steroid hormones (beta-estradiol and glucocorticoids) on in vitro IgA production. Addition of retinoic acid (RA, 100-500 nM) to the LPS-stimulated spleen cell culture enhanced IgA production (8-22-fold). Simultaneous addition of beta-estradiol, but not testosterone, enhanced the effect of RA synergistically (a further 2-4-fold). In contrast, glucocorticoids inhibited the reaction. The concentration inhibiting IgA production by 50% was 1 nM, 6 nM and 10 nM for dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone, respectively. None of the hormones tested alone affected IgA production by LPS-stimulated spleen cells. Hydrocortisone enhanced the IgG1 production by LPS-stimulated spleen cells. This effect was completely abolished by simultaneous addition of RA. These findings indicate that RA can direct the class-switching to IgA in LPS-stimulated spleen cells, and that beta-estradiol and glucocorticoids have positive and negative regulatory effects, respectively, on the IgA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokuyama
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tokuyama H, Ito H, Nishioka S. [Enhanced ultrasonography with new contrast medium: glycyrrhizin]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1994; 91:1156. [PMID: 8028211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical College
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin A on IgA production by LPS-stimulated murine spleen cells was studied. Concentrations of immunoglobulins of six subclasses in the culture medium were determined. Only IgA level increased, RA dose dependently. In contrast, IgG1 level decreased and other subclasses (IgM, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3) were not significantly affected by the treatment. IgA levels in LPS-stimulated spleen cells were usually between 10 and 100 ng/ml. When RA was added at the concentrations above 0.1 nM, the levels were increased dose dependently and peak response (8- to 20-fold) was observed from 0.1 to 1 microM. Enhancement of IgA secretion begins after 4 days culture and then increases linearly until Day 7. Vitamin A also showed IgA-enhancing activity, although its activity was about 1/170 of that of RA. TGF-beta activity in the culture medium was also determined, finding that RA rapidly stimulates secretion of biologically active TGF-beta, the elevation being evident after 1 day of culture. Specific neutralizing antibodies to TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 partially inhibited IgA enhancement caused by RA. These results suggest that retinoids at physiological concentrations may act as positive regulators for IgA production and the effect may be mediated, at least in part, via the induction of active TGF-beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nomura T, Matano S, Okada G, Tokuyama H, Hori I, Nakamura S, Kameyama T, Ryoyama K. Establishment of a metastatic murine cell line carrying the human C-Ha-ras. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1993; 29A:614-6. [PMID: 8376308 DOI: 10.1007/bf02634544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
38
|
Ito Y, Tokuyama H, Yamada S, Komeda H, Takahashi Y, Okano M, Saitoh A, Deguchi T, Kanematsu M, Kawada Y. [A study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in urological field]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1993; 84:514-20. [PMID: 8515639 DOI: 10.5980/jpnjurol1989.84.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Out of 110 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 1985 to 1990, isolation rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was investigated. Nineteen strains of 59 S. aureus from outpatients and 20 strains of 51 S. aureus from inpatients were determined as MRSA. Isolation frequency of MRSA from inpatients was increasing in the recent two years. Coagulase type, enterotoxin type and production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were examined in 22 strains of MRSA. Coagulase type II (86%), enterotoxin type C (68%) and TSST-1 positive strain was most dominant. Susceptibility of MRSA to 4 antimicrobial agents were measured, MRSA were sensitive to vancomycin (VCM), arbekacin (ABK) and minocycline, but resistant to flomoxef. Thirty-four patients from whom MRSA was isolated including 20 patients from urine, 13 from pus and 1 from blood, were analyzed clinically. Pyuria was not recognized in some cases in whom MRSA was isolated from their urine. Concomitant polymicrobial infection was frequently noted in those patients with MRSA in their urinary tract. These facts show that the pathogenic role of MRSA in the urinary tract infection was not significant. On the other hand, when MRSA was isolated from pus or blood, serious infections could be caused by MRSA, especially in compromised host. Regarding the treatment in these cases, administration of VCM or ABK was though to be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ito
- Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Bovine colostrum contains transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-like activity. High levels of this activity are found in early colostrum (within 12 h after parturition); however, it decreases rapidly after 30 h. In this study, the activity in early colostrum was purified by a sequence of decaseination, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, precipitation at neutral pH, further gel filtration and reversed-phase FPLC. A homodimeric 23 kDa protein was identified that retained the TGF-beta-like activity. Its activity was completely neutralized by a specific anti-TGF-beta 2 antibody. These results indicate that the TGF-beta-like growth factor found in bovine colostrum is chemically and antigenically related to TGF-beta 2. The physiological roles of the TGF-beta 2-related growth factor are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokuyama
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tokuyama H, Higashi F, Tamaki H, Kunishoh T, Tamaki Y, Kawai J, Sakatsuji K, Itoh H, Nakayama T, Nishioka S. [A case of amebic liver abscess with colonic carcinoma]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1993; 90:62-6. [PMID: 8433537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
41
|
Tokuyama H, Isaka M, Nakamura E, Ando R, Morinaka Y. Synthesis and biological activities of cyclopropenone antibiotic penitricin and congeners. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1992; 45:1148-54. [PMID: 1517160 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.45.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of derivatives of the cyclopropenone antibiotic penitricin have been synthesized by the reaction of metalated cyclopropenone acetals with electrophiles. Studies on the antimicrobial structure-activity relationships indicated that the penitricin skeleton, hydroxymethylcyclopropenone, is indispensable for antimicrobial activity. These compounds were also found to display cytotoxic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aizawa K, Tokuyama H, Yonezawa T, Doi M, Matsuzono Y, Matumoto M, Uragami K, Nishioka S, Yataka I. A case of traumatic intramural hematoma of the duodenum effectively treated with ultrasonically guided aspiration drainage and endoscopic balloon catheter dilation. Gastroenterol Jpn 1991; 26:218-23. [PMID: 2040403 DOI: 10.1007/bf02811084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 52-year-old man was admitted on February 15, 1990, with hiccups and vomiting. He had been well until 13 days before admission when he stumbled and fell when intoxicated, striking his abdomen. A diagnosis of intramural hematoma was made with computerized tomography and sonography of the abdomen after admission, revealing a mass that was intimately related to the duodenum. Treatment of the intramural duodenal hematoma is controversial. However, this case illustrates the ideal situation where conservative management could be applied with total parenteral nutrition, percutaneous aspiration drainage, and endoscopic balloon catheter dilatation of the narrowed lumen of the duodenum. The patient's subsequent course supports the concept of planned conservative management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Aizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Watanabe H, Tokuyama H, Ohta H, Satomura Y, Okai T, Ooi A, Mai M, Sawabu N. Expression of placental alkaline phosphatase in gastric and colorectal cancers. An immunohistochemical study using the prepared monoclonal antibody. Cancer 1990; 66:2575-82. [PMID: 2249198 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19901215)66:12<2575::aid-cncr2820661221>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The authors developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). Four specific MoAb reacting only with PLAP and two nonspecific MoAb reacting equally with isozymes of alkaline phosphatase (hepatic, intestinal, and placental) were obtained. Immunohistochemical staining with the specific MoAb showed that the cell membrane and cytoplasm of cancer cells were stained in gastric and colorectal carcinoma. The incidence of PLAP positivity was 23% (25 of 107) of all gastric carcinomas. Among gastric carcinomas, the 42% (13 of 31) positivity of highly differentiated carcinoma (papillary adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma) was a significantly higher rate than that found in poorly differentiated carcinoma (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma, five of 41, 12%). The incidence of PLAP positivity was 11% (four of 35) in colorectal carcinoma. In contrast, gastric adenoma, intestinal metaplasia, and noncancerous tissue adjacent to cancer did not show staining. These results indicated that expression of PLAP was apt to occur in more highly differentiated gastric carcinoma and was highly specific for carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract, although its incidence was not high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The elevation of the concentration of tissue free water tritium (TFWT) in pine needles was discernible in trees growing around a nuclear power plant. The values varied from 2.6 Bq/l to 6.1 Bq/l with a mean value of 3.8 Bq/l. Analysis of pine needles collected at Fukui City as control samples was done. The values averaged 1.7 Bq/l and fell within 1.5 B/l-1.8 Bq/l which was obtained nation-wide survey of TFWT in pine needles in Japan. The present study also revealed that reactor tritium incorporated into pine needles decreased rapidly with a half time of 6 days and then tissue free water tritium has a short retention time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Fukui Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Iwano T, Kurosawa H, Tokuyama H, Hoshikawa Y. Roentgenographic and clinical findings of patellofemoral osteoarthrosis. With special reference to its relationship to femorotibial osteoarthrosis and etiologic factors. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990:190-7. [PMID: 2302884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine definitive clinical and roentgenographic findings of patellofemoral osteoarthrosis (PF-OA) and the etiologic factors of this disease as well as its relationship to femorotibial osteoarthrosis (FT-OA), 108 knees having moderate to severe PF-OA with or without FT-OA were investigated. Pain and disabilities of activities of daily living (ADL) due to PF-OA most likely appeared during movements requiring deep flexion of the knee. Roentgenographic findings revealed a great majority of the disease occurred on the lateral side of the PF joint, both in cases of PF-OA alone and in PF-OA combined with FT-OA. There was no relationship between the degree of PF-OA advancement determined by roentgenographic findings and that of ADL disabilities. PF-OA and FT-OA seemed to be caused by different etiologic factors, because the degrees of involvement of the PF and FT joints were not correlated with each other in the cases of PF-OA combined with FT-OA. Since a clear history of dislocation or subluxation of the patella was noted in 18% of PF-OA (this figure increased to 28% if limited to the cases affected with PF-OA alone), and since roentgenographic findings also agreed with this evidence, dislocation or subluxation of the patella seemed to be one of the causes of PF-OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Iwano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Uno H, Takahashi Y, Kobayashi S, Nagatani Y, Yamaha M, Kuriyama M, Kawada Y, Tokuyama H. [Spontaneous peripelvic extravasation: reports of two cases]. Hinyokika Kiyo 1990; 36:157-60. [PMID: 2343808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous peripelvic extravasation must be distinguished from spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis in urological emergency. The literatures revealed 42 cases of peripelvic extravasation and 35 cases of rupture of the renal pelvis in Japan. Most of them were caused by urolithiasis and malignant tumors. We report 2 cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation caused by urolithiasis, which were successfully treated conservatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Uno
- Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tokuyama H, Tokuyama Y, Migita S. Isolation of two new proteins from bovine colostrum which stimulate epidermal growth factor-dependent colony formation of NRK-49F cells. Growth Factors 1990; 3:105-14. [PMID: 2206554 DOI: 10.3109/08977199009108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Defatted bovine colostrum and decaseinated whey contain biological activity similar to that of TGF-beta in that they stimulate the anchorage-independent growth of NRK-49F cells in the presence of EGF. Two new proteins with such activity, termed BC-1 and BC-2, were isolated from decaseinated colostrum by a sequence of DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration in 1 M acetic acid, Sephadex G-50 re-gelfiltration in 8 M urea-1 M acetic acid and reverse-phase FPLCs. The two proteins showed distinctly different molecular weight from that of TGF-beta 1. BC-1 was a small Mr peptide of 8.5 kD. BC-2 had molecular mass of 46 kD, which yielded peptides of 46,40, and 6 kD on reduction. In contrast to TGF-beta, both proteins did not lose their biological activity on reduction. Both BC-1 and BC-2 suppress DNA synthesis in concanavalin A-stimulated thymocytes. These results suggest that BC-1 and BC-2 belong to a new class of mitogen/inhibitors, though their biological activities resemble those of TGF-beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Moore GF, Shipley TH, Stoffa PL, Karig DE, Taira A, Kuramoto S, Tokuyama H, Suyehiro K. Structure of the Nankai Trough Accretionary Zone from multichannel seismic reflection data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jb095ib06p08753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Ishida H, Tokuyama H, Nakamoto K, Nahara Y, Tamamoto M, Hamada T. [Fungicidal effectiveness of ultraviolet light]. Hiroshima Daigaku Shigaku Zasshi 1989; 21:190-5. [PMID: 2637273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
50
|
Tokuyama H, Tokuyama Y. Bovine colostric transforming growth factor-beta-like peptide that induces growth inhibition and changes in morphology of human osteogenic sarcoma cells (MG-63). Cell Biol Int Rep 1989; 13:251-8. [PMID: 2706687 DOI: 10.1016/0309-1651(89)90147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
TGF-beta like peptide, termed TGF(BC-1), was partially purified from defatted and decaseinated bovine colostrum by a sequence of DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and Sephadex G-50 gel filtration in 1M acetic acid. TGF(BC-1) was distinct from well-known 25K TGF-beta in chemical properties: TGF(BC-1) was sensitive to acid ethanol extraction (Roberts et al., 1980). Its apparent molecular weight ranged from 21k to 11k by gel filtration and it was composed of low MW peptides (15k, 13k, 10k and 7.3k but not 25k) as examined by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. However, TGF(BC-1) shares some biological properties with the prototype TGF-b. TGF(BC-1) remarkably suppressed growth of osteogenic sarcoma cells (MG-63), and this was intriguingly accompanied by a striking change in morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa-ken, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|