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Kuboyama T, Yagi K, Naoi T, Era T, Yagi N, Nakasato Y, Yabuuchi H, Takahashi S, Shinohara F, Iwai H, Koubara-Yamada A, Hasegawa K, Miwa A. Simplifying the Chemical Structure of Cationic Lipids for siRNA-Lipid Nanoparticles. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:749-753. [PMID: 31097994 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a potent cationic lipid, SST-02 ((3-hydroxylpropyl)dilinoleylamine), which possesses a simple chemical structure and is synthesized just in one step. Cationic lipids are key components of siRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNP), which may serve as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases. For a decade, chemists have given enhanced potency and new functions to cationic lipids along with structural complexity. In this study, we conducted a medicinal chemistry campaign pursuing chemical simplicity and found that even dilinoleylmethylamine (SST-01) and methylpalmitoleylamine could be used for the in vitro and in vivo siRNA delivery. Further optimization revealed that a hydroxyl group boosted potency, and SST-02 showed an ID50 of 0.02 mg/kg in the factor VII (FVII) model. Rats administered with 3 mg/kg of SST-02 LNP did not show changes in body weight, blood chemistry, or hematological parameters, while the AST level decreased at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The use of SST-02 avoids a lengthy synthetic route and may thus decrease the future cost of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kuboyama
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Kaori Yagi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Naoi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Era
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yagi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Yoshisuke Nakasato
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Hayato Yabuuchi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Saori Takahashi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Shinohara
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Hiroto Iwai
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Ayumi Koubara-Yamada
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Hasegawa
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miwa
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
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Mukai H, Hatanaka K, Yagi N, Warashina S, Zouda M, Takahashi M, Narushima K, Yabuuchi H, Iwano J, Kuboyama T, Enokizono J, Wada Y, Watanabe Y. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of liposomal nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleic acid drug: A combined study of dynamic PET imaging and LC/MS/MS analysis. J Control Release 2018; 294:185-194. [PMID: 30529725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vivo biodistribution analyses, especially in tumors, of nucleic acids delivered with nanoparticles are important to develop drug delivery technologies for medical use. We previously developed wrapsome® (WS), an ~100 nm liposomal nanoparticle that can encapsulate siRNA, and reported that WS accumulates in tumors in vivo and inhibits their growth by an enhanced permeability and retention effect. In the present study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of nucleic acid-containing nanoparticles by combining dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. An 18-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), trabedersen, was used as a model drug and was encapsulated in WS. Dynamic PET imaging and time-activity curve analysis of WS-encapsulated 64Cu-labeled ODNs administered to mice with MIA PaCa-2 subcutaneous xenograft tumors showed tumor accumulation (~3% injected dose per gram (%ID/g)) and liver accumulation (~30 %ID/g) at 24 h. Under these conditions, LC/MS/MS analysis showed that the level of intact ODNs was 1.62 %ID/g in the tumor and 1.70 %ID/g in the liver. From these pharmacokinetic data, the intact/accumulated ODN ratios were calculated using the following equation: intact/accumulated ODN ratio (%) = %ID/g LC/MS/MS, tissue, mean/%ID/g PET, tissue, mean × 100. Interestingly, the ratios for the tumor and kidney were maintained at 20-50% over 48 h after administration of the WS-encapsulated form. In contrast, the ratio for the liver rapidly decreased at 24 h, showing the same pattern as that for naked ODN. These different patterns indicate that WS effectively protected the ODN in the tumor and kidney, but protected it less efficiently in the liver. A combined approach of dynamic PET imaging and LC/MS/MS analysis will assist the development of nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleic acid drugs, such as those using WSs, to determine their detailed pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Mukai
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Hatanaka
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yagi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Shota Warashina
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maki Zouda
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maiko Takahashi
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuya Narushima
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Hayato Yabuuchi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Junko Iwano
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuboyama
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan.
| | - Junichi Enokizono
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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Yamamoto K, Tamura T, Henmi K, Kuboyama T, Yanagisawa A, Matsubara M, Takahashi Y, Suzuki M, Saito JI, Ueno K, Shuto S. Development of Dihydrodibenzooxepine Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Gamma Ligands of a Novel Binding Mode as Anticancer Agents: Effective Mimicry of Chiral Structures by Olefinic E/ Z-Isomers. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10067-10083. [PMID: 30351933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of PPARγ ligand 1 (EC50 = 197 nM) with a dibenzoazepin scaffold was identified through high-throughput screening campaign. To avoid the synthetically troublesome chiral center of 1, its conformational analysis using the MacroModel was conducted, focusing on conformational flip of the tricyclic ring and the conformational restriction by the methyl group at the chiral center. On the basis of this analysis, scaffold hopping of dibenzoazepine into dibenzo[ b, e]oxepine by replacing the chiral structures with the corresponding olefinic E/ Z isomers was performed. Consequently, dibenzo[ b, e]oxepine scaffold 9 was developed showing extremely potent PPARγ reporter activity (EC50 = 2.4 nM, efficacy = 9.5%) as well as differentiation-inducing activity against a gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 that was more potent than any other well-known PPARγ agonists in vitro (94% at 30 nM). The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 9 complexed with PPARγ showed that it had a unique binding mode to PPARγ ligand-binding domain that differed from that of any other PPARγ agonists identified thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tamura
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Kazuki Henmi
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuboyama
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Arata Yanagisawa
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsubara
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Michihiko Suzuki
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Saito
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
| | - Kimihisa Ueno
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin , 1188 , Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shiuoka , Japan
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Mukai H, Ozaki D, Cui Y, Kuboyama T, Yamato-Nagata H, Onoe K, Takahashi M, Wada Y, Imanishi T, Kodama T, Obika S, Suzuki M, Doi H, Watanabe Y. Quantitative evaluation of the improvement in the pharmacokinetics of a nucleic acid drug delivery system by dynamic PET imaging with (18)F-incorporated oligodeoxynucleotides. J Control Release 2014; 180:92-9. [PMID: 24566256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging-based pharmacokinetic evaluation studies for preclinical experiments and microdose clinical trials, mainly focused on low molecular weight compounds. In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of nucleic acid drugs and their drug delivery systems (DDSs) in vivo by using PET imaging, we developed a novel and efficient method for radiolabeling oligodeoxynucleotides with the positron-emitting radionuclide (18)F (stoichiometry-focused Huisgen-type (18)F labeling). By using this method, we succeeded in synthesizing a variety of (18)F-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides with not only phosphodiesters (PO) in natural forms, but also phosphorothioate (PS) and bridged nucleic acid (BNA) in artificial forms, and then performed PET studies and radioactive metabolite analyses of these (18)F-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides. The tissue-distribution and dynamic changes in radioactivity showed significantly different profiles between these antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. The radioactivity of (18)F-labeled PO-DNA and PO-BNA rapidly accumulated in the kidneys and liver and then moved to the renal medulla, ureter, bladder, and intestine. However, the radioactivity of (18)F-labeled PS-DNA and PS-BNA, possessing PS backbone structures, was retained in the blood for relatively long periods and then gradually accumulated in the liver and kidneys. The metabolite analysis showed that (18)F-labeled PO-DNA rapidly degraded by 5min and (18)F-labeled PO-BNA gradually degraded over time by 60min. Conversely, (18)F-labeled PS-DNA and PS-BNA were shown to be much more stable. To demonstrate the usefulness of the PET imaging technique for evaluating the improved targeting potential of the DDS, we designed and synthesized a cholesterol-modified oligodeoxynucleotide, that we developed as an antisense nucleic acid drug against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) for hypercholesterolemia therapy, and evaluated its pharmacokinetics using PET imaging. As expected, the (18)F-labeled cholesterol-modified PS-BNA-type oligodeoxynucleotide showed much higher and more rapid accumulation in the delivery target organ, that is, the liver, which encourages us to develop this drug. These results suggest that dynamic PET studies using (18)F-incorporated oligodeoxynucleotide synthesized by stoichiometry-focused Huisgen-type labeling is useful for quantitative pharmacokinetic evaluation of nucleic acid drugs and their delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Mukai
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daiki Ozaki
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yilong Cui
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuboyama
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamato-Nagata
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kayo Onoe
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maiko Takahashi
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisashi Doi
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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Hari Y, Nakahara M, Pang J, Akabane M, Kuboyama T, Obika S. Synthesis and triplex-forming ability of oligonucleotides bearing 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3-triazole nucleobases. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:1162-6. [PMID: 21256033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using the copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, a post-elongation modification of 1-ethynyl substituted nucleobases has been employed to construct 18 variations of oligonucleotides from a common oligonucleotide precursor. The triplex-forming ability of each oligonucleotide with dsDNA was evaluated by the UV melting experiment. It was found that triazole nucleobases generally tend to exhibit binding affinities in the following order: CG>TA>AT, GC base pairs. Among the triazole nucleobases examined, a 1-(4-ureidophenyl)triazole provided the best result with regard to affinity and selectivity for the CG base pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Kuboyama T, Yokoshima S, Tokuyama H, Fukuyama T. Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-vincristine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:11966-70. [PMID: 15141084 PMCID: PMC514417 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401323101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient total synthesis of (+)-vincristine has been accomplished through a stereoselective coupling of demethylvindoline and the eleven-membered carbomethoxyverbanamine presursor. Demethylvindoline was prepared by oxidation of 17-hydroxy-11-methoxytabersonine, followed by regioselective acetylation with mixed anhydride method. Although an initial attempt of coupling by using demethylvindoline formamide was not successful and resulted in recovery of the starting compounds, the reaction using demethylvindoline took place smoothly to furnish the desired bisindole product with the correct stereochemistry at C18'. After formation of the piperidine ring by sequential removal of the protective groups and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, the total synthesis of vincristine was completed by formylation of N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kuboyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-033, Japan
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Abstract
Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-vinblastine (1) has been achieved using a novel radical-mediated indole synthesis developed in our laboratories. The isothiocyanate 18, prepared readily from quinoline 17, underwent a facile addition of the malonate anion to give 19. The o-alkenylthioanilide 19 was then converted to indole 20 by radical cyclization and protection. (−)-Vindoline (2) was prepared from this key intermediate 20 in a highly efficient manner. The indole core of the 11-membered intermediate 3 was constructed similarly from quinoline. The critical coupling reaction between 2 and the chloroindolenine derived from 3 proceeded with complete control of stereochemistry to give the desired product 66 in 97 % yield, which could be successfully converted to (+)-vinblastine (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokoshima
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T. Ueda
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S. Kobayashi
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A. Sato
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuboyama
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H. Tokuyama
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T. Fukuyama
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract
A stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-vinblastine was accomplished, featuring preparations of the two indole units by means of a novel indole synthesis via radical cyclization of thioanilide, and a stereoselective coupling of these units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Oshima K, Shiomi T, Kuboyama T, Sawayanagi T, Nishigawa H, Kakizawa S, Miyata S, Ugaki M, Namba S. Isolation and Characterization of Derivative Lines of the Onion Yellows Phytoplasma that Do Not Cause Stunting or Phloem Hyperplasia. Phytopathology 2001; 91:1024-1029. [PMID: 18943436 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2001.91.11.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Two lines of onion yellows phytoplasma producing milder symptoms were isolated from the original line (OY-W). One has an additional characteristic, non-insect-transmissibility (OY-NIM), compared with the other (OY-M). OY-M was established after maintaining OY-W for 11 years on a plant host (Chrysanthemum coronarium) with an insect vector (Macrosteles striifrons), and OY-NIM was isolated after subsequent maintenance of OY-M in plants by periodic grafting. Polymerase chain analysis suggested that OY-NIM cannot traverse the gut or survive in the hemolymph of the leafhopper. OY-W results in witches'-broom formation and stunted growth in the host plant. In contrast, OY-M and OY-NIM do not cause stunting in the host plant, although they result in witches'-broom. Histopathological analysis of these lines revealed that the hyperplastic phloem tissue and severe phloem necrosis seen in OY-W did not exist in OY-M and OY-NIM. This was attributed to a reduction in the population of phytoplasma in tissues in both OY-M- and OY-NIM-infected plants. The results suggest that the cause of stunting and phloem hyperplasia may be genetically different from the cause of witches'-broom. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that OY-M had a smaller genome size ( approximately 870 kbp) than OY-W ( approximately 1,000 kbp). Thus, some of the OY-W genes responsible for pathogenicity may not be present in OY-M.
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Kakizawa S, Oshima K, Kuboyama T, Nishigawa H, Jung H, Sawayanagi T, Tsuchizaki T, Miyata S, Ugaki M, Namba S. Cloning and expression analysis of Phytoplasma protein translocation genes. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2001; 14:1043-1050. [PMID: 11551069 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.9.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding SecA and SecY proteins, essential components of the Sec protein translocation system, were cloned from onion yellows phytoplasma, an unculturable plant pathogenic bacterium. The secA gene consists of 2,505 nucleotides encoding an 835 amino acid protein (95.7 kDa) and shows the highest similarity with SecA of Bacillus subtilis. Anti-SecA rabbit antibody was prepared from a purified partial SecA protein, with a histidine tag expressed in Escherichia coli. Western blot analysis confirmed that SecA protein (approximately 96 kDa) is produced in phytoplasma-infected plants. Immunohistochemical thin sections observed by optical microscopy showed that SecA is characteristically present in plant phloem tissues infected with phytoplasma. The secY gene consists of 1,239 nucleotides encoding a 413 amino acid protein (45.9 kDa) and shows the highest similarity with SecY of B. subtilis. These results suggest the presence of a functional Sec system in phytoplasmas. Because phytoplasmas are endocellular bacteria lacking cell walls, this system might secrete bacterial proteins directly into the host cytoplasm. This study is what we believe to be the first report of the sequence and expression analysis of phytoplasma genes encoding membrane proteins with a predicted function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakizawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Oshima K, Kakizawa S, Nishigawa H, Kuboyama T, Miyata S, Ugaki M, Namba S. A plasmid of phytoplasma encodes a unique replication protein having both plasmid- and virus-like domains: clue to viral ancestry or result of virus/plasmid recombination? Virology 2001; 285:270-7. [PMID: 11437661 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genomes of most prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses, and some prokaryotic plasmids such as pLS1, commonly replicate via a rolling circle replication (RCR) strategy, and thus the viruses are hypothesized to have evolved from the plasmids, although evidence for this view is sparse. We have sequenced a circular plasmid of 3933 nt, pOYW, obtained from onion yellows phytoplasma (OY-W), a cell-wall-less, unculturable prokaryote that inhabits the cytoplasm of both plant and insect cells. pOYW contains five open reading frames (ORFs) on the same strand and apparently replicates by an RCR mechanism. Its rep gene (ORF5) encodes a unique protein, pOYW-Rep, with an unprecedented structure. The N-terminal region of pOYW-Rep has similarities to the RCR initiator protein (Rep) of pLS1 family plasmids but, unlike the Rep of other plasmids, its C-terminal region was unexpectedly similar to the helicase domain of the replication-associated proteins (Rap) of eukaryotic viruses, especially circoviruses (ssDNA viruses of vertebrates). The pOYW-Rep was specifically detected in OY-W-infected plant phloem cells, suggesting that it is a functional protein. We suggest that an ancestral phytoplasma plasmid pOYW may have acquired a helicase domain from host phytoplasmal DNA, entered the surrounding eukaryotic cytoplasm, and subsequently evolved into an ancestral eukaryotic ssDNA virus. Alternatively, a pOYW ancestor could have obtained the helicase domain by recombination with a virus: this would be the first example of recombination between plasmids and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oshima
- Laboratory of Bioresource Technology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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12
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Kuboyama T, Takeda G. Genomic factors responsible for abnormal morphology of pollen tubes in the interspecific cross Nicotiana tabacum × N. rustica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s004970000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Extension of dendrites and axons in neurons may compensate for and repair damaged neuronal circuits in the dementia brain. Our aim in the present study was to explore drugs activating neurite outgrowth and regenerating the neuronal network. We found that the methanol extract of Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera; 5 microg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of cells with neurites in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The effect of the extract was dose- and time-dependent mRNA levels of the dendritic markers MAP2 and PSD-95 by RT-PCR were found to be markedly increased by treatment with the extract, whereas those of the axonal marker Tau were not. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated the specific expression of MAP2 in neurites extended by the extract. These results suggest that the methanol extract of Ashwagandha promotes the formation of dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tohda
- Research Center for Ethnomedicines, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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14
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Tokuyama H, Kuboyama T, Amano A, Yamashita T, Fukuyama T. A Novel Transformation of Primary Amines to N-Monoalkylhydroxylamines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2000. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-6428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Kuboyama T, Huang CC, Lu X, Sawayanagi T, Kanazawa T, Kagami T, Matsuda I, Tsuchizaki T, Namba S. A plasmid isolated from phytopathogenic onion yellows phytoplasma and its heterogeneity in the pathogenic phytoplasma mutant. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1998; 11:1031-1037. [PMID: 9805390 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.11.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A 3.6-kbp DNA fragment was cloned from the extrachromosomal DNA of a pathogenic plant mollicute, onion yellows phytoplasma (OY-W). Sequence analysis of the fragment revealed an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the replication (Rep) protein of rolling-circle replication (RCR)-type plasmids. This result suggests the existence of a plasmid (pOYW1) in OY-W that uses the RCR mechanism. This assumption was confirmed by detecting the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of a replication intermediate that is specifically produced by the RCR mechanism. This is the first report on the identification of the replication system of this plasmid and the genes encoded in it. With a DNA fragment including the Rep gene region of pOYW1 used as a probe, Southern and Northern (RNA) blot hybridizations were employed to examine the heterogeneity between the plasmids found in OY-W and a pathogenic mutant (OY-M) isolated from OY-W. Multiple bands were detected in the DNA and RNA extracted from both OY-W and OY-M infected plants, although the banding patterns were different. Moreover, the copy number of plasmids from OY-W was about 4.2 times greater than that from OY-M. These results indicate constructive heterogeneity between OY-W and OY-M plasmids, and the possibility of a relationship between the plasmid-encoded genes and the pathogenicity of the phytoplasma was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuboyama
- Laboratory of Bioresource Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Evolution of multigene families by gene duplication and subsequent diversification is analyzed assuming a haploid model without interchromosomal crossing over. Chromosomes with more different genes are assumed to have higher fitness. Advantageous and deleterious mutations and duplication/deletion also affect the evolution, as in previous studies. In addition, negative selection on the total number of genes (copy number selection) is incorporated in the model. First, a Markov chain approximation is used to obtain formulas for the average numbers of different alleles, genes without pseudogene mutations, and pseudogenes assuming that mutation rates and duplication/deletion rates are all very small. Computer simulation shows that the approximation works well if the products of population size with mutation and duplication/deletion rates are all small compared to 1. However, as they become large, the approximation underestimates gene numbers, especially the number of pseudogenes. Based on the approximation, the following was found: (1) Gene redundancy measured by the average number of redundant genes decreases as advantageous selection becomes stronger. (2) The number of different genes can be approximately described by a linear pure-birth process and thus has a coefficient of variation around 1. (3) The birth rate is an increasing function of population size without copy number selection, but not necessarily so otherwise. (4) Copy number selection drastically decreases the number of pseudogenes. Available data of mutation rates and duplication/deletion rates suggest much faster increases of gene numbers than those observed in the evolution of currently existing multigene families. Various explanations for this discrepancy are discussed based on our approximate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tachida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University 33, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Kuboyama T, Hori A, Sato T, Mikami T, Yamaki T, Ueda S. Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity in healthy young men during overnight sleep and while awake. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997; 102:125-31. [PMID: 9060863 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-884x(96)95054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, we measured in 6 healthy young men cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the middle cerebral artery as well as oxygen saturation by a non-invasive method. Continuous recordings were taken starting from a point before the onset of sleep, throughout the duration of normal nighttime sleep, ending after awakening. During stages 2, 3 and 4, CBFV was approximately 15% lower than during the waking period preceding sleep. CBFV during rapid eye movement sleep did not differ from the presleep waking value, whereas the postsleep waking value was 6.6% lower. In 5 subjects CBFV showed a transient rise after sleep onset. Oxygen saturation was lower during sleep than during waking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuboyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohmihachiman City Hospital, Shiga, Japan
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Tenjin H, Yamaki T, Nakagawa Y, Kuboyama T, Ebisu T, Kobori N, Ueda S, Mizukawa N. Impairment of CO2 reactivity in severe head injury patients: an investigation using thermal diffusion method. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990; 104:121-5. [PMID: 2123600 DOI: 10.1007/bf01842829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For measurement of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) the thermal diffusion method is quite convenient and allows the chronological measurement of CBF and CO2 reactivity of cerebral vessels. We investigated the CO2 reactivity of fifteen head injury patients. The results showed that in head injury cases, the disturbance of the CO2 reactivity correlates well to poor outcome. Using thermal diffusion method, investigations of CO2 reactivity are useful for further understanding of the physiological state of head injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tenjin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Shigaken Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Tenjin H, Ueda S, Mizukawa N, Imahori Y, Hino A, Yamaki T, Kuboyama T, Ebisu T, Hirakawa K, Yamashita M. Positron emission tomographic studies on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with cerebral contusion. Neurosurgery 1990; 26:971-9. [PMID: 2114010 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199006000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is currently one of the most useful methods for measurements of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism, because it facilitates accurate analysis of the local cerebral circulation in three-dimensional quantitative images. In this study, we performed positron emission tomography studies to measure cerebral circulation in a total of 11 patients who sustained head injuries with contusion. Several parameters were measured including regional cerebral blood flow, regional cerebral blood volume, permeability, and regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. Data from brains both with and without contusion were analyzed for chronological changes, in the subacute stage from the 8th to 29th day and in the chronic stage until 360 days after the injury and compared with similar data in a group of normal subjects. It was concluded that in the subacute stage, regional cerebral blood flow decreased (26 +/- 7 and 39 +/- 10 ml/100 g/min) and regional cerebral blood volume increased (5.6 +/- 1.8 and 5.4 +/- 0.9 ml/100 g) both in areas of cerebral contusion and in areas remote from cerebral contusion and that permeability increased in areas of contusion but not in remote brain areas. In the chronic stage, these parameters showed a tendency for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tenjin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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20
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Ebisu T, Yamaki T, Kobori N, Tenjin H, Kuboyama T, Naruse S, Horikawa Y, Tanaka C, Higuchi T, Hirakawa K. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain contusion. Surg Neurol 1989; 31:261-7. [PMID: 2928918 DOI: 10.1016/0090-3019(89)90049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the time course of brain contusions using magnetic resonance imaging and compared the findings with those of a computed tomography scan. The lesions, which were demonstrated as homogeneous density areas on the computed tomography scan were demonstrated as different intensity areas in the magnetic resonance image. The intensity of the images varied according to the time at which the images were obtained. The findings indicated changes in the nature of the contusions including hematoma hemoglobin, perifocal edema extension, and so on. In conclusion, magnetic resonance imaging is important in the follow-up of chronological change as well as in original diagnosis of brain contusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ebisu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Japan
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21
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Yamaki T, Kuboyama T, Ueguchi T, Higuchi T, Hirakawa K. Chronological evaluation of the occurrence and growth of the traumatic intracerebral hematoma. Neurosurg Rev 1989; 12 Suppl 1:149-52. [PMID: 2812364 DOI: 10.1007/bf01790638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiselkai Shiga Hospital, Japan
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22
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Kuboyama T, Hashimoto H, Ueguchi T, Yamaki T, Hirakawa K, Noto T, Nakajima T. Diurnal changes in vasopressin and oxytocin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of post-operative patients with intracranial aneurysms. Endocrinol Jpn 1988; 35:249-54. [PMID: 3208703 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.35.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal changes in vasopressin and oxytocin levels in cerebrospinal fluid were investigated under normal diurnal conditions. The patients examined had ruptured intracranial aneurysms, and underwent neck-clipping operations and continuous drainage from the basal cistern. All of the patients recovered consciousness without signs of neurological deficit. The investigations were conducted for 2 days starting 5-9 days after the neck-clipping operations were performed. The oxytocin concentration decreased as night fell, remained low during this period and then increased during the day. The vasopressin level demonstrated no definite rhythmic tendency. No correlation was revealed between the changes in the concentrations of either vasopressin or oxytocin in the cerebrospinal fluid and the osmolality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuboyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai-Shiga Hospital, Japan
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23
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Miyata H, Kuboyama T. [Case of congenital adrenogenital syndrome]. Nihon Rinsho 1971; 29:3090-4. [PMID: 5169021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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