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Sung M, Choi HJ, Lee MH, Lee JY, Kim HB, Ahn YM, Kim JK, Kim HY, Jung SS, Kim M, Kang EK, Yang EA, Lee SJ, Park Y, Seo JH, Lee E, Yang ES, Park KS, Shin M, Chung HL, Jang YY, Choi BS, Kim H, Jung JA, Yu ST, Roh EJ, Lee ES, Kim JT, Kim BS, Hwang YH, Sol IS, Yang HJ, Han MY, Yew HY, Cho HM, Kim HY, Hn YH, Im DH, Hwang K, Yoo J, Jung SO, Jeon YH, Shim JY, Chung EH. Regional and annual patterns in respiratory virus co-infection etiologies and antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:5844-5856. [PMID: 36066160 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) pneumonia is the second-most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed at investigating into the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) with respiratory virus co-infection and the antibiotic prescriptions in children with CAP in four provinces in Korea, and to assess the variations in the findings across regions and throughout the year. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted in 29 hospitals in Korea between July 2018 and June 2020. Among the enrolled 1,063 children with CAP, all 451 patients with M. pneumoniae underwent PCR assays of M. pneumoniae and respiratory viruses, and the presence of point mutations of residues 2063 and 2064 was evaluated. RESULTS Gwangju-Honam (88.6%) showed the highest prevalence of MRMP pneumonia, while Daejeon-Chungcheong (71.3%) showed the lowest, although the differences in prevalence were not significant (p=0.074). Co-infection of M. pneumoniae pneumonia and respiratory virus was observed in 206 patients (45.4%), and rhinovirus co-infection (101 children; 22.2%) was the most frequent. The prevalence of MRMP pneumonia with respiratory virus co-infection and the antibiotic prescriptions differed significantly among the four provinces (p < 0.05). The monthly rate of MRMP pneumonia cases among all cases of M. pneumoniae pneumonia and tetracycline or quinolone prescriptions did not differ significantly among the four regions (trend p > 0.05) during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia with virus co-infection and antibiotic prescriptions could differ according to region, although the MRMP pneumonia rate showed no difference within Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Republic of Korea.
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Diware MS, Ganorkar SP, Park K, Chegal W, Cho HM, Cho YJ, Kim YD, Kim H. Dielectric function, critical points, and Rydberg exciton series of WSe 2 monolayer. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:235701. [PMID: 29714172 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The complex dielectric function ([Formula: see text]) of WSe2 monolayer grown by atomic layer deposition is investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Band structure parameters are obtained by standard line-shape analysis of the second-energy-derivative of [Formula: see text] spectra. The fundamental band gap is observed at 2.26 eV, corresponds to transition between valence band (VB) maximum at the K point and conduction band (CB) minimum at Q point in the Brillouin zone (BZ). Two strong so-called A and B excitonic peaks in [Formula: see text] spectra originate from vertical transitions from spin-orbit split (0.43 eV) VB to CB at K point of the BZ. Binding energies of A and B exactions are 0.71 and 0.28 eV, respectively. Well resolved five excited excitons states has been detected within the spectral region between A and B. Energy profile of the Rydberg series shows significant deviation from the hydrogenic behavior, discussed in connection with the 2D hydrogen model. Results presented here will improve our understanding about the optical response of 2D materials and will help to design better optoelectronic applications and validate theoretical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Diware
- CeNSCMR and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kim E, Rew HJ, Shin TK, Cho HM, Wickramasuriya SS, Yi YJ, Jeong J, Choi I, Heo JM. Standard Body Weight and Serum Estradiol and Progesterone Concentrations in Response to Total Lysine Content in Female Broiler Breeders from 14 to 42 Days after Hatch. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - HJ Rew
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - TK Shin
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - HM Cho
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | | | - YJ Yi
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - J Jeong
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - I Choi
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - JM Heo
- Chungnam National University, South Korea
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Cho HM, Ding H, Kumar N, Sennung D, Molloi S. Calibration phantoms for accurate water and lipid density quantification using dual energy mammography. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:4589-4603. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6f31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yoo J, Yi YJ, Wickramasuriya SS, Kim E, Shin TK, Cho HM, Kim N, Heo JM. Evaluation of sulphur amino acid requirement of male Korean native ducklings from hatch to 21 day of age. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:272-277. [PMID: 28100065 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1280722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. A dose-response experiment was conducted with male Korean native ducklings (KND) to evaluate the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirement from hatch to 21 d of age. 2. A completely randomised design with 7 dietary TSAA concentrations (0.62%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.71%, 0.74%, 0.77% and 0.80%) were used with 6 replications per treatment. 3. Body weight (BW) and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). One duckling per pen (n = 6) was killed by cervical dislocation to weigh empty body and drumsticks at the conclusion of experiment. 4. BW was improved significantly with increasing TSAA content, in a non-linear manner. A significant decrease of FCR was shown with increasing TSAA contents. TSAA requirement was determined by taking a mean value after fitting the data to both a linear-plateau and a quadratic-plateau model. Estimated TSAA requirements were 0.70%, 0.70%, 0.66% and 0.70% for the maximum BW, ADG and ADFI and for the minimum FCR, respectively. Increasing TSAA content improved quantity of full body weight (FBW), empty body weight (EBW) and drumstick weight (DSW), but there was no effect on proportion of DSW in relation to EBW and proportion of EBW to FBW. 5. In conclusion, the growth of male KND during 1 to 21 d of age was improved with increasing TSAA content, suggesting optimal TSAA requirements estimated by two analysis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yoo
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - Y J Yi
- b Division of Biotechnology , Chonbuk National University , Iksan 54596 , South Korea
| | - S S Wickramasuriya
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - E Kim
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - T K Shin
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - H M Cho
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - N Kim
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
| | - J M Heo
- a Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , South Korea
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Je UK, Cho HM, Hong DK, Cho HS, Park YO, Park CK, Kim KS, Lim HW, Kim GA, Park SY, Woo TH, Cho SI. 3D reconstruction based on compressed-sensing (CS)-based framework by using a dental panoramic detector. Phys Med 2015; 32:213-7. [PMID: 26494155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose a practical method that can combine the two functionalities of dental panoramic and cone-beam CT (CBCT) features in one by using a single panoramic detector. We implemented a CS-based reconstruction algorithm for the proposed method and performed a systematic simulation to demonstrate its viability for 3D dental X-ray imaging. We successfully reconstructed volumetric images of considerably high accuracy by using a panoramic detector having an active area of 198.4 mm × 6.4 mm and evaluated the reconstruction quality as a function of the pitch (p) and the angle step (Δθ). Our simulation results indicate that the CS-based reconstruction almost completely recovered the phantom structures, as in CBCT, for p≤2.0 and θ≤6°, indicating that it seems very promising for accurate image reconstruction even for large-pitch and few-view data. We expect the proposed method to be applicable to developing a cost-effective, volumetric dental X-ray imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Je
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Cho
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - D K Hong
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Cho
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y O Park
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Park
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Kim
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - H W Lim
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - G A Kim
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Woo
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - S I Cho
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, iTOMO Research Group, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
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Cho HM, Ding H, Ziemer BP, Molloi S. Energy response calibration of photon-counting detectors using x-ray fluorescence: a feasibility study. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:7211-27. [PMID: 25369288 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/23/7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate energy calibration is critical for the application of energy-resolved photon-counting detectors in spectral imaging. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of energy response calibration and characterization of a photon-counting detector using x-ray fluorescence. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study was performed using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) to investigate the optimal technique for x-ray fluorescence calibration. Simulations were conducted using a 100 kVp tungsten-anode spectra with 2.7 mm Al filter for a single pixel cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector with 3 × 3 mm(2) in detection area. The angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence and scatter background was investigated by varying the detection angle from 20° to 170° with respect to the beam direction. The effects of the detector material, shape, and size on the recorded x-ray fluorescence were investigated. The fluorescent material size effect was considered with and without the container for the fluorescent material. In order to provide validation for the simulation result, the angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence from five fluorescent materials was experimentally measured using a spectrometer. Finally, eleven of the fluorescent materials were used for energy calibration of a CZT-based photon-counting detector. The optimal detection angle was determined to be approximately at 120° with respect to the beam direction, which showed the highest fluorescence to scatter ratio (FSR) with a weak dependence on the fluorescent material size. The feasibility of x-ray fluorescence for energy calibration of photon-counting detectors in the diagnostic x-ray energy range was verified by successfully calibrating the energy response of a CZT-based photon-counting detector. The results of this study can be used as a guideline to implement the x-ray fluorescence calibration method for photon-counting detectors in a typical imaging laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-M Cho
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Hanson D, Hoover S, Crites A, Ade PAR, Aird KA, Austermann JE, Beall JA, Bender AN, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bock JJ, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiang HC, Cho HM, Conley A, Crawford TM, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Everett W, Gallicchio J, Gao J, George EM, Halverson NW, Harrington N, Henning JW, Hilton GC, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Huang N, Hubmayr J, Irwin KD, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch E, Li D, Liang C, Luong-Van D, Marsden G, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Montroy TE, Natoli T, Nibarger JP, Novosad V, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Schulz B, Smecher G, Stark AA, Story KT, Tucker C, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Viero MP, Wang G, Yefremenko V, Zahn O, Zemcov M. Detection of B-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background with data from the South Pole Telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:141301. [PMID: 24138230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.141301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background generates a curl pattern in the observed polarization. This "B-mode" signal provides a measure of the projected mass distribution over the entire observable Universe and also acts as a contaminant for the measurement of primordial gravity-wave signals. In this Letter we present the first detection of gravitational lensing B modes, using first-season data from the polarization-sensitive receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPTpol). We construct a template for the lensing B-mode signal by combining E-mode polarization measured by SPTpol with estimates of the lensing potential from a Herschel-SPIRE map of the cosmic infrared background. We compare this template to the B modes measured directly by SPTpol, finding a nonzero correlation at 7.7σ significance. The correlation has an amplitude and scale dependence consistent with theoretical expectations, is robust with respect to analysis choices, and constitutes the first measurement of a powerful cosmological observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hanson
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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Cho HM, Kim HJ, Choi YN, Lee SW, Ryu HJ, Lee YJ. The effects of photon flux on energy spectra and imaging characteristics in a photon-counting x-ray detector. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:4865-79. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/14/4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Anton SM, Birenbaum JS, O'Kelley SR, Bolkhovsky V, Braje DA, Fitch G, Neeley M, Hilton GC, Cho HM, Irwin KD, Wellstood FC, Oliver WD, Shnirman A, Clarke J. Magnetic flux noise in dc SQUIDs: temperature and geometry dependence. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:147002. [PMID: 25167026 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.147002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spectral density S(Φ)(f) = A(2)/(f/1 Hz)(α) of magnetic flux noise in ten dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with systematically varied geometries shows that α increases as the temperature is lowered; in so doing, each spectrum pivots about a nearly constant frequency. The mean-square flux noise, inferred by integrating the power spectra, grows rapidly with temperature and at a given temperature is approximately independent of the outer dimension of a given SQUID. These results are incompatible with a model based on the random reversal of independent, surface spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Anton
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J S Birenbaum
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - V Bolkhovsky
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
| | - D A Braje
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
| | - G Fitch
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
| | - M Neeley
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-044, USA
| | - H-M Cho
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-044, USA
| | - K D Irwin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-044, USA
| | - F C Wellstood
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - W D Oliver
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
| | - A Shnirman
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - John Clarke
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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Abstract
AIM Brain metastasis is infrequent in colorectal cancer patients, and the prognosis is poor. In this retrospective study survival and prognostic factors were determined in patients with brain metastasis from colorectal cancer. METHOD Between 1997 and 2006, 39 patients with brain metastasis from colorectal cancer who survived more than 1 month were identified. Data were collected with regard to patient characteristics, location and stage of the primary tumour, extent and location of metastatic disease, and treatment modalities used. RESULTS Most (79.5%) patients had pulmonary metastases before brain metastasis, and the brain was the site of solitary metastasis in only one patient. The most frequent symptom was weakness [18 (43.6%) patients]. Overall median survival was 5.0 months and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 21.8 and 9.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed uncontrolled extracranial metastases (P = 0.019), multiple brain lesions (P = 0.026), bilateral brain metastases (P = 0.032) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels greater than 5 ng/ml (P = 0.008) to be poor prognostic factors. The median survival after the diagnosis of brain metastasis was significantly longer in patients who underwent surgical resection (15.2 ± 8.0 months) than in those treated by other modalities (P = 0.001). Treatment modality was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with brain metastases from colorectal cancers (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION Aggressive surgical resection in selected patients with brain metastases from colorectal cancer may prolong survival, even in the presence of extracranial metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-H Kye
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Korea
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Dobbs MA, Lueker M, Aird KA, Bender AN, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clarke J, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Flanigan DI, de Haan T, George EM, Halverson NW, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Johnson BR, Joseph J, Keisler R, Kennedy J, Kermish Z, Lanting TM, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Luong-Van D, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Montroy TE, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Richards PL, Ruhl JE, Schaffer KK, Schwan D, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vu C, Westbrook B, Williamson R. Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:073113. [PMID: 22852677 DOI: 10.1063/1.4737629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A technological milestone for experiments employing transition edge sensor bolometers operating at sub-Kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s-1000s of bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is readout multiplexing: the ability to read out many sensors simultaneously on the same set of wires. This paper describes a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system which has been developed for and deployed on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope millimeter wavelength receivers. In this system, the detector array is divided into modules of seven detectors, and each bolometer within the module is biased with a unique ∼MHz sinusoidal carrier such that the individual bolometer signals are well separated in frequency space. The currents from all bolometers in a module are summed together and pre-amplified with superconducting quantum interference devices operating at 4 K. Room temperature electronics demodulate the carriers to recover the bolometer signals, which are digitized separately and stored to disk. This readout system contributes little noise relative to the detectors themselves, is remarkably insensitive to unwanted microphonic excitations, and provides a technology pathway to multiplexing larger numbers of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dobbs
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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Schwan D, Ade PAR, Basu K, Bender AN, Bertoldi F, Cho HM, Chon G, Clarke J, Dobbs M, Ferrusca D, Güsten R, Halverson NW, Holzapfel WL, Horellou C, Johansson D, Johnson BR, Kennedy J, Kermish Z, Kneissl R, Lanting T, Lee AT, Lueker M, Mehl J, Menten KM, Muders D, Pacaud F, Plagge T, Reichardt CL, Richards PL, Schaaf R, Schilke P, Sommer MW, Spieler H, Tucker C, Weiss A, Westbrook B, Zahn O. Invited article: millimeter-wave bolometer array receiver for the Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:091301. [PMID: 21974566 DOI: 10.1063/1.3637460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument is a millimeter-wave cryogenic receiver designed to observe galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from the 12 m APEX telescope on the Atacama plateau in Chile. The receiver contains a focal plane of 280 superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers instrumented with a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system. The bolometers are cooled to 280 mK via a three-stage helium sorption refrigerator and a mechanical pulse-tube cooler. Three warm mirrors, two 4 K lenses, and a horn array couple the TES bolometers to the telescope. APEX-SZ observes in a single frequency band at 150 GHz with 1' angular resolution and a 22' field-of-view, all well suited for cluster mapping. The APEX-SZ receiver has played a key role in the introduction of several new technologies including TES bolometers, the frequency-domain multiplexed readout, and the use of a pulse-tube cooler with bolometers. As a result of these new technologies, the instrument has a higher instantaneous sensitivity and covers a larger field-of-view than earlier generations of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich instruments. The TES bolometers have a median sensitivity of 890 μK(CMB)√s (NEy of 3.5 × 10(-4) √s). We have also demonstrated upgraded detectors with improved sensitivity of 530 μK(CMB)√s (NEy of 2.2 × 10(-4) √s). Since its commissioning in April 2007, APEX-SZ has been used to map 48 clusters. We describe the design of the receiver and its performance when installed on the APEX telescope.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schwan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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Kim J, Oh SN, Cho HM, Park MK, Kim KR, Elkins JW. Background monitoring and long-range transport of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 at Kosan, Korea. Environ Monit Assess 2001; 70:47-56. [PMID: 11516020 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010640004389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The background concentrations of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 were monitored to assess their impact on stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming from September 1995 to March 1999 at Kosan, Korea, located at eastern margin of the Asian Continent. The concentrations of atmospheric CFC-11 at Kosan have decreased slightly, at a rate of -2.5 pptv yr(-1), over the period in response to the Montreal Protocol. The CFC-12 mixing ratio at Kosan continues to increase in the atmosphere at a rate of 5.7 pptv yr(-1) despite international regulations, because of its extreme atmosphere persistence. Recent trends of these two chlorofluorocarbons at Kosan, Korea were concordant with those of the northern hemispheric background monitored unit at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The maximum seasonal mean mixing ratios of CFC-11 and CFC-12 at Kosan, Korea, were 270 +/- 4 pptv in the spring and 538 +/- 9 pptv in the winter, and the corresponding seasonal minima were 267 +/- 7 and 529 +/- 12 pptv. This occurred in the summer and was due to southeasterly winds from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. By performing a three-day isentropic backward trajectory analysis, it was shown that air masses at Kosan, and with the exception of summer, mainly originated from central and northern China. In particular, the mixing ratios of these two contaminant species are closely related with their air mass trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Applied Meteorology Research Laboratory, Meterological Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.
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Chun EM, Park YJ, Kang HS, Cho HM, Jun DY, Kim YH. Expression of the apolipoprotein C-II gene during myelomonocytic differentiation of human leukemic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69:645-50. [PMID: 11310852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II), which is known to activate lipoprotein lipase (LPL), was identified by ordered differential display (ODD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a cDNA fragment exhibiting a distinct increase in expression during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced differentiation of promonocytic U937 cells into monocytes and macrophages. The amount of apoC-II mRNA expression detectable in U937 cells significantly increased and reached a maximum 24-48 h after treatment with 32 nM TPA. apoC-II mRNA was also detected in monocytic THP-1 cells but was not detected in promyelocytic HL-60 cells. In healthy human tissues, the most significant expression of apoC-II mRNA was in the liver. Although apoC-II mRNA expression was markedly up-regulated during the induced differentiation of HL-60 cells into monocytes and macrophages with 32 nM TPA, such expression was not induced during the differentiation of HL-60 cells into granulocytes with 1.25% dimethyl sulfoxide. These results suggest that human apoC-II expression is induced at the transcription level during myelomonocytic differentiation and may confer an important role to macrophages involved in normal lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Chun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of Hs 3-PGDH gene, encoding human 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the initiating step in the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis, has been determined. The 3-PGDH gene has a predicted 533 amino acid open reading frame, encoding a 56.8kDa protein that shares 94.0% similarity with rat-liver 3-PGDH. Two different transcripts corresponding to 3-PGDH mRNA were detected in human normal tissues. A dominant 2.1kb transcript was expressed at high levels in prostate, testis, ovary, brain, liver, kidney, and pancreas, and weakly expressed in thymus, colon, and heart. A 710bp transcript also appeared as a weaker band where the 2.1kb mRNA was expressed, and it was more significant than the 2.1kb mRNA in heart and skeletal muscle. The TPA-induced monocytic differentiation of U937, which also resulted in growth arrest, abruptly downregulated the expression of 3-PGDH. Removal of TPA restored cell growth through the retrodifferentiation process and subsequent expression of 3-PGDH. The 3-PGDH mRNA was markedly expressed in human leukemias, lymphoma Sup-T1, colon adenocarcinoma COLO 320DM, epitheloid carcinoma HeLa S3, and murine lymphoma BW5147.G.1.4, but not in human leukemia K562. This report demonstrates that the human 3-PGDH gene is regulated at the transcriptional level depending on tissue specificty and cellular proliferative status, and its transcriptional regulation mechanism may be a useful target for diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- HL-60 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- K562 Cells
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, South Korea
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Lee YW, Cho HM, Shin DJ, Lee IW. Noncollimated bidirectional shearing interferometer for measuring a long radius of curvature. Appl Opt 1997; 36:5317-5320. [PMID: 18259348 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.005317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A method for measuring a long radius of curvature with a modified half-aperture bidirectional shearing interferometer is described. A plane mirror of the interferometer is replaced with a test mirror, and the incident beam is decollimated by shifting of the source to equalize the widths of the bidirectional shearing fringes reflected from the plane and test mirrors. This method can be applied to concave and convex surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Lee
- Quantum Metrology Division, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, P. O. Box 102, Yusong, Taejon, 305-600, South Korea
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Abstract
Griseofulvin(GF) has become the drug of choice as an antifungal agent for patients who suffer from many kinds of fungal infection. In order to clarify hepatic injury by griseofulvin(GF) overload and the effect of UDCA on GF-induced hepatic injury, the authors carried out biochemical, histologic, and ultrastructural studies of liver following treatment with griseofulvin and ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) in mice. Urine porphobilinogen excretion in the group treated with GF alone was significantly increased and reached the highest level in the 4th week and declined thereafter. Biochemical studies of the liver function showed no remarkable changes of serum bilirubin levels throughout the experimental period in all groups, except for SGPT and alkaline phosphatase activities which were significantly elevated and reached the highest level in the second week. Then they slightly decreased in GF treated groups(GF alone and GF plus UDCA) in comparison with the control group. Pathologic findings in the group treated with GF alone include focal liver cell necrosis(esp, zone 3), Mallory bodies in hepatocytes(esp, zone 1), Kupffer cell activation, and brown protoporphyrin pigments in the hepatocytes, bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts with a marked inflammatory cell infiltration in the portal tracts. Under the polarizing light microscope, bile ductular and canalicular thrombi showed a "Maltese cross" birefringence in mice treated with GF alone. There is no definite finding of fatty change in hepatocyte. Under the microscope, the liver appeared normal with an intact lobular architecture in the GF plus UDCA treated group. Electron microscopically, GF-induced changes include swelling of mitochondria, globular protoporphyrin crystals in the hepatocyte cytoplasm, markedly dilated bile cannaliculi and bile ducts and the formation of a Mallory hyaline bodies in the hepatocytes. There were no noticeable structural changes in the GF plus UDCA-treated group. Therefore the results suggest that GF causes hepatic injury, namely porphyria and cholestasis, and the treatment of UDCA may have cytoprotective and choleretic effects on GF-induced hepatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Pathology, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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Park YM, Lee CD, Yoon KH, Han NI, Cho HM, Yook KS, Jeong JW, Kim BS, Jee MK, Kim BK. A case of subcutaneous seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after fine needle aspiration biopsy. Korean J Intern Med 1989; 4:96-100. [PMID: 2562134 PMCID: PMC4534970 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.1989.4.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer spread along the needle track following fine needle aspiration biopsy is said to be a rare complication. The authors report a case of subcutaneous implantation of hepatocellular carcinoma following ultrasono-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. The patient, a 67-year-old Korean male was found to have a large hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Four months later, the patient felt two subcutaneous growing lumps at the previous aspiration site. The authors confirmed them histologically 11 months after aspiration.
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Hong KH, Lee IW, Cho HM, Lee YW. Enhancement of accuracy in OTF measurement. Appl Opt 1987; 26:4423-4424. [PMID: 20523377 DOI: 10.1364/ao.26.004423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A knife-edge scanning method was developed to enhance the accuracy in OTF measurement. A slit image formed by the lens under test was scanned by a knife-edge which was moved by a stepping motor. It was possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio with averaging 4-32 data at each point through a scan. The standard deviation was decreased to under 0.25% in the MTF unit.
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Abstract
Reaction centers isolated from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 mutant were irradiated with laser pulses of variable energy and the amount of photooxidation of the primary electron donor bacteriochlorophyll was measured. The resultant light saturation curve fits an exponential function and not a hyperbolic or hyperbolic tangent function. Analysis using either a Poisson statistical model or a simple kinetic model predicts an exponential light saturation curve in the limit where the light pulse is long relative to any transient intermediate states. The absolute quantum yield of photochemistry was found to be 0.98, utilizing the entire light saturation curve. Distortions from the simple exponential light saturation behavior are predicted when very short laser pulses are used.
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