Abstract C028: Oxidative stress-inhibiting nutrients and supplements among West African men: The CaPTC prostate cancer cohort study

Introduction One of the confirmed risk factors for prostate cancer (CaP) is race, with Black men (BM) more likely to get and die from CaP globally. Although CaP affects BM globally, little is known about CaP and its risk factors in foreign-born BM and the source population of US BM in Africa. The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) studies CaP in BM globally and has an ongoing familial cohort study of West African men in the US, Nigeria and Cameroon. The CaPTC cohort data provides an opportunity to examine the impact of migration on CaP behavioral risk factors. This study focuses on oxidative stress, which has been linked to CaP. The primary objective was to examine nutrients and supplements that inhibit oxidative stress among West African men. Methods The CaPTC cohort study is a prospective, longitudinal study of West African men, between ages 35 -70. Participants were recruited from diverse community settings and clinics. Data collection included the use of structured survey for behavioral and epidemiological data, and saliva samples for biological data. For this study, the variables were: known foods with high levels of antioxidants (vitamins); and dietary polyphenols such as berries, beans, leafy vegetables and tea. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the study results while ANOVA was used to compare study variables among West African men in the US, Nigeria and Cameroon. Results A total of 704 West African men (WAm) participated in the study, with 9% recruited in the US, 81% in Nigeria and 10% in Cameroon. Most of the participants were married (93%) and in the middle-income SES. Participants in Cameroon were older with a mean age of 53, followed by those in Nigeria (48) and participants in the US (47). WAm in Nigeria were more likely to have prostatitis compared to the other two groups. There was no differences among the three groups with respect to history of CaP and BPH. The three groups were significantly different statistically for the following food groups: (1) sweet potato, mostly consumed by WAm in Cameroon; (2) beans, mostly consumed by WAm in Nigeria; and (3) berries, mostly consumed by WAm in the US. There was no differences among the groups with respect to leafy greens, grape, tea and Vitamin E. The most popular food reported by the WAm were: beans in Nigeria and berries in the US. In Cameroon, the most popular food tied between beans and sweet potatoes. Conclusion Dietary intake of foods rich with antioxidants and polyphenols have been known to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as CaP. It is interesting to note that the WAm in the different countries consume different types of food groups rich in antioxidants. More research is needed on the antioxidant content of the food as the preparation of the meals may affect content. Also, there needs to be an emphasis on increasing these nutrient rich foods in diets of WAm, given that they are also disproportionately affected by CaP.

Citation Format: Folakemi Odedina, Adaora Ezeani, Ernest Kaninjing, Malcom Ingraham, Catherine Badejo, Anthonia Sowunmi, Omolara Fatiregun, Ayo Salako, A.A. Popoola, Mohammed Faruk, Emeka Iweala, Iya Bassey, Chidiebere Ogo, O.P. Oluwole, H.A. Nggada, Jubrin Paul, Oluwole Kukoyi, Ifeoma Okoye, Abidemi Omonisi, Iheanyi Okpala, Lasebikan Nwamaka, Adeniji Adebanji, Ruth Agaba, Toye Adeniji, Yaseen Elhag. Oxidative stress-inhibiting nutrients and supplements among West African men: The CaPTC prostate cancer cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C028.

Cervical dysplasia in HIV infected women in Maiduguri, Nigeria

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been shown to be a risk factor for premalignant and malignant conditions of the cervix. Patients attending the gynaecological clinic of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital received voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV. All patients who were screened for HIV also had their pap smear taken. Cervical dysplasia was significantly commoner among HIV infected women than those that were HIV negative (31.3% vs 7.8%, respectively). The incidence of cervical dysplasia was also proportional to the degree of immunosuppression as women with low CD4 count had higher incidence of cervical dysplasia. The population studied was generally promiscuous irrespective of their HIV status, with over 90% of them having multiple sexual partners. It is recommended that health education in this population should be aimed at discouraging multiple sexual partners. Gynaecologists should be co-care providers to all HIV+ women in view of the menace of cervical dysplasia.

Malignant tumours of female genital tract in north eastern Nigeria

OBJECTIVE

To ascertain the pattern and frequency of malignant tumours of female genital tract in North Eastern Nigeria.

DESIGN

A retrospective analysis of surgical biopsy materials.

SETTING

University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, the only teaching hospital in the North Eastern region of Nigeria.

SUBJECTS

Three hundred and eighty-two cases of female genital malignancies histologically confirmed between January 1st 1991 and December 31st 2000.

RESULTS

The age range of patients whose specimens were received during the ten year period was three to eighty years. Mean age of presentation was 44.2 years, (SD +/- 13). Cancer of the uterine cervix was the most common (70.5%), followed by ovarian cancer (16.3%), then cancer involving the uterus (8.5%). There was a steep rise in reported cases within the period of study especially for cancer of the cervix. Ovarian tumours were the most common tumours in the teenage group.

CONCLUSION

The high incidence of cancer of the uterine cervix and the early mean age of presentation of all malignancies underlies the importance of screening programmes and awareness campaign in our community. The study also provides the basis for further analysis of female genital malignancies.