Abstract C028: Oxidative stress-inhibiting nutrients and supplements among West African men: The CaPTC prostate cancer cohort study

Introduction One of the confirmed risk factors for prostate cancer (CaP) is race, with Black men (BM) more likely to get and die from CaP globally. Although CaP affects BM globally, little is known about CaP and its risk factors in foreign-born BM and the source population of US BM in Africa. The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) studies CaP in BM globally and has an ongoing familial cohort study of West African men in the US, Nigeria and Cameroon. The CaPTC cohort data provides an opportunity to examine the impact of migration on CaP behavioral risk factors. This study focuses on oxidative stress, which has been linked to CaP. The primary objective was to examine nutrients and supplements that inhibit oxidative stress among West African men. Methods The CaPTC cohort study is a prospective, longitudinal study of West African men, between ages 35 -70. Participants were recruited from diverse community settings and clinics. Data collection included the use of structured survey for behavioral and epidemiological data, and saliva samples for biological data. For this study, the variables were: known foods with high levels of antioxidants (vitamins); and dietary polyphenols such as berries, beans, leafy vegetables and tea. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the study results while ANOVA was used to compare study variables among West African men in the US, Nigeria and Cameroon. Results A total of 704 West African men (WAm) participated in the study, with 9% recruited in the US, 81% in Nigeria and 10% in Cameroon. Most of the participants were married (93%) and in the middle-income SES. Participants in Cameroon were older with a mean age of 53, followed by those in Nigeria (48) and participants in the US (47). WAm in Nigeria were more likely to have prostatitis compared to the other two groups. There was no differences among the three groups with respect to history of CaP and BPH. The three groups were significantly different statistically for the following food groups: (1) sweet potato, mostly consumed by WAm in Cameroon; (2) beans, mostly consumed by WAm in Nigeria; and (3) berries, mostly consumed by WAm in the US. There was no differences among the groups with respect to leafy greens, grape, tea and Vitamin E. The most popular food reported by the WAm were: beans in Nigeria and berries in the US. In Cameroon, the most popular food tied between beans and sweet potatoes. Conclusion Dietary intake of foods rich with antioxidants and polyphenols have been known to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as CaP. It is interesting to note that the WAm in the different countries consume different types of food groups rich in antioxidants. More research is needed on the antioxidant content of the food as the preparation of the meals may affect content. Also, there needs to be an emphasis on increasing these nutrient rich foods in diets of WAm, given that they are also disproportionately affected by CaP.

Citation Format: Folakemi Odedina, Adaora Ezeani, Ernest Kaninjing, Malcom Ingraham, Catherine Badejo, Anthonia Sowunmi, Omolara Fatiregun, Ayo Salako, A.A. Popoola, Mohammed Faruk, Emeka Iweala, Iya Bassey, Chidiebere Ogo, O.P. Oluwole, H.A. Nggada, Jubrin Paul, Oluwole Kukoyi, Ifeoma Okoye, Abidemi Omonisi, Iheanyi Okpala, Lasebikan Nwamaka, Adeniji Adebanji, Ruth Agaba, Toye Adeniji, Yaseen Elhag. Oxidative stress-inhibiting nutrients and supplements among West African men: The CaPTC prostate cancer cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C028.

Abstract A044: Channels and locations influencing the uptake of prostate cancer intervention trials by ethnically diverse Black men

Background Black men (BM) are statistically more likely to experience aggressive cases of prostate cancer (CaP) compared to other racial groups, but are less likely to enroll in clinical trials. Several barriers have been documented as impacting the participation of BM in clinical trials. To address these barriers, there is need for unique approaches to identify successful strategies that will facilitate the implementation of effective interventions. The overall goal of this study is to develop a tailored communication strategy for a CaP intervention trial, the MiCaP Research Digest Trial. Specifically, the primary objective was to identify the best intervention trial recruitment channels and locations for US-born BM (USBM), African-born BM (ABBM), and Caribbean-born BM (CBBM). Methods The MiCaP Research Digest Trial uses a randomized waitlist research design to evaluate the effectiveness of disseminating CaP scientific discoveries for public health and community applications. It is an ongoing trial, which started in 2017. The current study compared two channels (newspaper and radio) and four locations (churches, barber shops, community outreach events) relative to their effectiveness in recruiting BM for the trial. Study location was Orange County (FL). Recruitment efforts included newspaper stories about the study, study ad in newspaper, study ad on radio, information about study at community events and distribution of study flyers at targeted locations. Assessment focused on the following for the recruitment channels and locations: (1) reach, which was operationalized as the number of BM reached; and (2) impact, operationalized as the number of BM effectively pre-screened for the Trial. Results The study period is from May to July, 2019. Results presented are for data collected up to June 30, 2019. The reach for BM were: 30 community locations for newspaper; 27,000 people every week from the radio; 130 attendees for church events; an average of 12 customers per day for barber shops; and close to 1,200 attendees combined for the community events. The highest impact (uptake of the intervention trial) was from community events, with 8 BM recruited (6 USBM and 2 CBBM). One USBM was recruited through the newspaper and one USBBM through radio. There was no recruitment from church or the barbershop. Also, no ABBM has been recruited so far. Conclusion The reach for intervention trials does not necessarily translate to impact. Although the reach was highest for the radio, uptake of the intervention trial was highest for the community events. It was not surprising that the intervention trials uptake was highest for USBM. While 2 CBBM were recruited, recruiting ABBM continues to be challenging. Engaging ethnically-diverse BM through appropriate channels and locations is crucial to effective uptake of intervention trials.

Citation Format: Malcolm Ingraham, Folakemi Odedina, Parisa Fathi, Kim Walsh-Childers, Adaora Ezeani, Yaseen Elhag. Channels and locations influencing the uptake of prostate cancer intervention trials by ethnically diverse Black men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A044.