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Han AR, Moon TK, Kang IK, Yu DB, Kim Y, Byon C, Park S, Kim HL, Lee KJ, Lee H, Woo HN, Kim SW. Research progress on hydrogel-based drug therapy in melanoma immunotherapy. BMB Rep 2023:6050. [PMID: 38053296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a pivotal role in maintaining cognitive brain function; however, this process diminishes with age, particularly in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. While small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for hippocampal neural stem (HCN) cell maintenance, their involvement in neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate HCN cell death and their potential involvement in neurodegenerative disorder. We performed a comprehensive microarray-based analysis to investigate changes in miRNA expression in insulin-deprived HCN cells, as an in vitro model for cognitive impairment. Remarkably, miR-150-3p, miR-323-5p, and miR-370-3p which increased significantly over time following insulin withdrawal, induced pronounced mitochondrial fission and dysfunction, ultimately leading to HCN cell death. Notably, these miRNAs collectively target the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1, with miR-150-3p also targeting MFN2. Furthermore, data-driven analyses involving human subjects within the hippocampus and brain revealed significant reductions of OPA1 and MFN2 in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Our results indicate that miR-150-3p, miR-323-5p, and miR-370-3p contribute to deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings provide a novel insight into the intricate connection between miRNAs and mitochondrial dynamics, shedding light on their potential involvement in conditions characterized by deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505; Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park M, Woo HN, Koh CS, Chang H, Kim JH, Park K, Chang JW, Lee H, Jung HH. A Single Injection of rAAV-shmTOR in Peripheral Nerve Persistently Attenuates Nerve Injury-Induced Mechanical Allodynia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15918. [PMID: 37958901 PMCID: PMC10649356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been known as one of the contributing factors in nociceptive sensitization after peripheral injury. Its activation followed by the phosphorylation of downstream effectors causes hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion. We investigated whether a single injection of rAAV-shmTOR would effectively downregulate both complexes of mTOR in the long-term and glial activation as well. Male SD rats were categorized into shmTOR (n = 29), shCON (n = 23), SNI (n = 13), and Normal (n = 8) groups. Treatment groups were injected with rAAV-shmTOR or rAAV-shCON, respectively. DRG tissues and sciatic nerve were harvested for Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Peripheral sensitization was gradually attenuated in the shmTOR group, and it reached a peak on PID 21. Western blot analysis showed that both p-mTORC1 and p-mTORC2 were downregulated in the DRG compared to shCON and SNI groups. We also found decreased expression of phosphorylated p38 and microglial activation in the DRG. We first attempted a therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain with a low dose of AAV injection by interfering with the mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting its potential application in pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (C.S.K.); (H.C.); (J.W.C.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chin Su Koh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (C.S.K.); (H.C.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Heesue Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (C.S.K.); (H.C.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Keerang Park
- Cedmogen Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (C.S.K.); (H.C.); (J.W.C.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (C.S.K.); (H.C.); (J.W.C.)
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Jung HH, Koh CS, Park M, Kim JH, Woo HN, Lee H, Chang JW. Microglial deactivation by adeno-associated virus expressing small-hairpin GCH1 has protective effects against neuropathic pain development in a spinothalamic tract-lesion model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:36-45. [PMID: 34845843 PMCID: PMC8673712 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury is one of the most difficult clinical problems after the loss of mobility, and pharmacological or neuromodulation therapy showed limited efficacy. In this study, we examine the possibility of pain modulation by a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) encoding small-hairpin RNA against GCH1 (rAAV-shGCH1) in a spinal cord injury model in which neuropathic pain was induced by a spinothalamic tract (STT) lesion. METHODS Micro-electric lesioning was used to damage the left STT in rats (n = 32), and either rAAV-shGCH1 (n = 19) or rAAV control (n = 6) was injected into the dorsal horn of the rats at the same time. On postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, we evaluated neuropathic pain using a behavioral test and microglial activation by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS A pain modulation effect of shGCH1 was observed from postoperative days 3 to 14. The mechanical withdrawal threshold was 13.0 ± 0.95 in the shGCH1 group, 4.3 ± 1.37 in the control group, and 3.49 ± 0.85 in sham on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.0001) and continued to postoperative day 14 (shGCH1 vs. control: 11.4 ± 1.1 vs. 2.05 ± 0.60, p < 0.001 and shGCH1 vs. sham: 11.4 ± 1.1 vs. 1.43 ± 0.54, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining of the spinal cord dorsal horn showed deactivation of microglia in the shGCH1 group without any change of delayed pattern of astrocyte activation as in STT model. CONCLUSIONS Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury can be modulated bilaterally by deactivating microglial activation after a unilateral injection of rAAV-shGCH1 into the dorsal horn of a STT lesion spinal cord pain model. This new attempt would be another therapeutic approach for NP after SCI, which once happens; there is no clear curative options still now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Su Koh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Woo
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cha S, Seo WI, Woo HN, Kim HJ, Lee SHS, Kim J, Choi JS, Park K, Lee JY, Lee BJ, Lee H. AAV expressing an mTOR-inhibiting siRNA exhibits therapeutic potential in retinal vascular disorders by preserving endothelial integrity. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:71-81. [PMID: 34431239 PMCID: PMC8727948 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding on previous demonstrations of the therapeutic effects of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) carrying small‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) in downregulating the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in in vivo retinal vascular disorders, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐stimulated endothelial cells were treated with AAV2‐shmTOR to examine the role of mTOR inhibition in retinal angiogenesis. AAV2‐shmTOR exposure significantly reduced mTOR expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and decreased downstream signaling cascades of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 under VEGF treatment. Moreover, the angiogenic potential of VEGF was significantly inhibited by AAV2‐shmTOR, which preserved endothelial integrity by maintaining tight junctions between HUVECs. These data thus support previous in vivo studies and provide evidence that AAV2‐shmTOR induces therapeutic effects by inhibiting the neovascularization of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seho Cha
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Won-Il Seo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Steven Hyun Seung Lee
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Choi
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Keerang Park
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee KJ, Lee SW, Woo HN, Cho HM, Yu DB, Jeong SY, Joo CH, Jeong GS, Lee H. Real-time monitoring of oncolytic VSV properties in a novel in vitro microphysiological system containing 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235356. [PMID: 32628693 PMCID: PMC7337297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new class of cancer therapeutic agents, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have gained much attention not only due to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells, but also for their potential to stimulate antitumor immune responses. As a result, there is an increasing need for in vitro modeling systems capable of recapitulating the 3D physiological tumor microenvironment. Here, we investigated the potential of our recently developed microphysiological system (MPS), featuring a vessel-like channel to reflect the in vivo tumor microenvironment and serving as culture spaces for 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). The MCTSs consist of cancer A549 cells, stromal MRC5 cells, endothelial HUVECs, as well as the extracellular matrix. 3D MCTSs residing in the MPS were infected with oncolytic VSV expressing GFP (oVSV-GFP). Post-infection, GFP signal intensity increased only in A549 cells of the MPS. On the other hand, HUVECs were susceptible to virus infection under 2D culture and IFN-β secretion was quite delayed in HUVECs. These results thus demonstrate that OV antitumoral characteristics can be readily monitored in the MPS and that its behavior therein somewhat differs compared to its activity in 2D system. In conclusion, we present the first application of the MPS, an in vitro model that was developed to better reflect in vivo conditions. Its various advantages suggest the 3D MCTS-integrated MPS can serve as a first line monitoring system to validate oncolytic virus efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Mi Cho
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Bong Yu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hyun Joo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Seok Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HL); (GSJ)
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HL); (GSJ)
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Lee SHS, Chang H, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Choi JS, Chung S, Woo HN, Lee KJ, Park K, Lee JY, Lee H. Inhibition of mTOR via an AAV-Delivered shRNA Tested in a Rat OIR Model as a Potential Antiangiogenic Gene Therapy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:45. [PMID: 32106292 PMCID: PMC7329967 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have shown that inhibitors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) play important roles in proliferating endothelial cells within the retinal vasculature. Here we explore the effects of inhibiting mTOR as a potential gene therapeutic against pathological retinal angiogenesis in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods Sprague-Dawley pups were used to generate the OIR model, with a recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing an shRNA (rAAV2-shmTOR-GFP) being administered via intravitreal injection on returning the rats to normoxia, with appropriate controls. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays, as well as fluorescein angiography, were performed on transverse retinal sections and flat mounts, respectively, to determine the in vivo effects of mTOR inhibition. Results Compared with normal control rats, as well as OIR model animals that were either untreated (20.95 ± 6.85), mock-treated (14.50 ± 2.47), or injected with a control short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-containing virus vector (16.64 ± 4.92), rAAV2-shmTOR-GFP (4.28 ± 2.86, P = 0.00103) treatment resulted in dramatically reduced neovascularization as a percentage of total retinal area. These results mirrored quantifications of retinal avascular area and vessel tortuosity, with rAAV2-shmTOR-GFP exhibiting significantly greater therapeutic efficacy than the other treatments. The virus vector was additionally shown to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration into retinal tissue and possess antiapoptotic properties, both these processes having been implicated in the pathophysiology of angiogenic retinal disorders. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate the strong promise of rAAV2-shmTOR-GFP as an effective and convenient gene therapy for the treatment of neovascular retinal diseases.
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Lee SHS, Chang H, Kim HJ, Choi JS, Kim J, Kim JH, Woo HN, Nah SK, Jung SJ, Lee JY, Park K, Park TK, Lee H. Effects of Stuffer DNA on the Suppression of Choroidal Neovascularization by a rAAV Expressing a mTOR-Inhibiting shRNA. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:171-179. [PMID: 31380463 PMCID: PMC6661460 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the defining characteristic of the wet subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a rapidly growing global health problem. Previously, we had demonstrated the therapeutic potential of gene therapy against CNV using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivered via recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), which abrogates mammalian-to-mechanistic (mTOR) activity in a novel manner by simultaneously inhibiting both mTOR complexes. Both the target and use of gene therapy represent a novel treatment modality against AMD. Here, the xenogeneic GFP gene used as a reporter in previous studies was removed from the virus vector to further develop the therapeutic for clinical trials. Instead, a stuffer DNA derived from the 3′ UTR of the human UBE3A gene was used to ensure optimal viral genome size for efficient rAAV assembly. The virus vector containing the stuffer DNA, rAAV2-shmTOR-SD, positively compares to one encoding the shRNA and a GFP expression cassette in terms of reducing CNV in a laser-induced mouse model, as determined by fundus fluorescein angiography. These results were confirmed via immunohistochemistry using anti-CD31, while a TUNEL assay showed that rAAV2-shmTOR-SD possesses anti-apoptotic properties as well. The qualities exhibited by rAAV2-shmTOR-SD demonstrate its potential as a human gene therapeutic for the treatment of wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hyun Seung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - HeeSoon Chang
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28578, Korea
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28578, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Choi
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28578, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- CuroGene Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28578, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seung Kwan Nah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Keerang Park
- Department of Biopharmacy, Chungbuk Health & Science University, Cheongju 28150, Korea
| | - Tae Kwann Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon 14584, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Corresponding author: Tae Kwann Park, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, 170, Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14584, Korea.
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Corresponding author: Heuiran Lee, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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Park S, Lee SHS, Lee WI, Choi R, Kim SW, Woo HN, Lee H. MicroRNA expression profiling of adult hippocampal neural stem cells upon cell death reveals an autophagic cell death-like pattern. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:674-679. [PMID: 30612732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neural (HCN) stem cells promptly undergo irreversible autophagic cell death (ACD) if deprived of insulin in culture. Small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in regulating biological processes, including proliferation and cell death. However, there have been no reports thus far regarding miRNA involvement in the induction of adult HCN stem cell death under insulin-deprived conditions, for which we performed a microarray-based analysis to examine the expression signature of miRNAs in adult rat HCN stem cells. Three independent specimens per culture condition either with or without insulin were prepared and a miRNA microarray analysis carried out. A total of 12 exhibited significantly altered expression levels upon cell death due to the absence of insulin when compared to HCN stem cells cultured with insulin present (cut-off limit; p < 0.05 and fold-change >1.3) The resulting volcano plot showed that, among these miRNAs, seven were upregulated and five were downregulated. The upregulated miRNAs were capable of modulating HCN stem cell death. Caspase-3 activity analysis, LC3 conversion, and TEM of autophagosome formation consistently suggested that ACD, not apoptosis, was most likely the mechanism affecting HCN cell death. As such, we have come to term these miRNAs, "HCN stem cell-specific autophagic cell death regulators." Taken together, our data suggest that the miRNA expression profile of HCN stem cells is altered during ACD occurring due to insulin deprivation and that differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in HCN stem cell viability. Detailed explorations of the underlying mechanisms regarding HCN stem cell viability modulation by these miRNAs would be beneficial in further understanding the physiological features of adult HCN stem cells and are currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Park
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Steven Hyun Seung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Il Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rachelle Choi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Woo HN, Lee WI, Kim JH, Ahn J, Han JH, Lim SY, Lee WW, Lee H. Combined antitumor gene therapy with herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase and short hairpin RNA specific for mammalian target of rapamycin. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2233-9. [PMID: 26459571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A proof-of-concept study is presented using dual gene therapy that employed a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) specific for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and a herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene to inhibit the growth of tumors. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors containing a mutant TK gene (sc39TK) were transduced into HeLa cells, and the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) was administered to establish a suicide gene-therapy strategy. Additionally, rAAV vectors expressing an mTOR-targeted shRNA were employed to suppress mTOR-dependent tumor growth. GCV selectively induced death in tumor cells expressing TK, and the mTOR-targeted shRNA altered the cell cycle to impair tumor growth. Combining the TK-GCV system with mTOR inhibition suppressed tumor growth to a greater extent than that achieved with either treatment alone. Furthermore, HSV-TK expression and mTOR inhibition did not mutually interfere with each other. In conclusion, gene therapy that combines the TK-GCV system and mTOR inhibition shows promise as a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Yeon Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Park JS, Manzanero S, Chang JW, Choi Y, Baik SH, Cheng YL, Li YI, Gwon AR, Woo HN, Jang J, Choi IY, Lee JY, Jung YK, Tang SC, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. Calsenilin contributes to neuronal cell death in ischemic stroke. Brain Pathol 2012; 23:402-12. [PMID: 23211047 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calsenilin is a calcium sensor protein that interacts with presenilin and increases calcium-triggered neuronal apoptosis, and γ-secretase activity. Notch is a cell surface receptor that regulates cell-fate decisions and synaptic plasticity in brain. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of calsenilin as a regulator of the γ-secretase cleavage of Notch in ischemic stroke. Here, we determined the modulation of expression level and cellular distribution of calsenilin in neurons subjected to ischemic-like conditions. The levels of calsenilin and presenilin were increased in primary neurons after oxygen and glucose deprivation. Furthermore, calsenilin was found to enhance the γ-secretase cleavage of Notch and to contribute to cell death under ischemia-like conditions. The inhibition of γ-secretase activity and a presenilin deficiency were both found to protect against calsenilin-mediated ischemic neuronal death. The expression of calsenilin was found to be increased in brain following experimental ischemic stroke. These findings establish a specific molecular mechanism by which the induction of calsenilin enhances Notch activation in ischemic stroke, and identify calsenilin as an upstream of the γ-secretase cleavage of Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sung Park
- The School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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11
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Ahn J, Woo HN, Ko A, Khim M, Kim C, Park NH, Song HY, Kim SW, Lee H. Multispecies-compatible antitumor effects of a cross-species small-interfering RNA against mammalian target of rapamycin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3147-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Lee MK, Yang HJ, Woo HN, Rhee YK, Moon SW. Changes in the Texture and Salt Content of Chinese Cabbage Using Different Salting Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.8.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Woo HN, Baik SH, Park JS, Gwon AR, Yang S, Yun YK, Jo DG. Secretases as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:10-5. [PMID: 21130746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is widely accepted as the key instigator of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The proposed mechanism is that accumulation of Aβ results in inflammatory responses, oxidative damages, neurofibrillary tangles and, subsequently, neuronal/synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. Given the critical role of Aβ in the disease process, the proteases that produce this peptide are obvious targets. The goal would be to develop drugs that can inhibit the activity of these targets. Protease inhibitors have proved very effective for treating other disorders such as AIDS and hypertension. Mutations in APP (amyloid-β precursor protein), which flanks the Aβ sequence, cause early-onset familial AD, and evidence has pointed to the APP-to-Aβ conversion as a possible therapeutic target. Therapies aimed at modifying Aβ-related processes aim higher up the cascade and are therefore more likely to be able to alter the progression of the disease. However, it is not yet fully known whether the increases in Aβ levels are merely a result of earlier events that were already causing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Woo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-467, Republic of Korea
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14
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Woo HN, Park JS, Gwon AR, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. Alzheimer's disease and Notch signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:1093-7. [PMID: 19853579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by gamma-secretase generates a neurotoxic amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) that is thought to be associated with the neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Presenilin is the catalytic member of the gamma-secretase proteolytic complex and mutations in presenilins are the major cause of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. In addition to APP, gamma-secretase substrates include Notch1 homologues, Notch ligands Delta and Jagged, and additional type I membrane proteins, raising concerns about mechanism-based toxicities that might arise as a consequence of inhibiting gamma-secretase. Notch signaling is involved in tumorigenesis as well as in determining the fates of neural and nonneural cells during development and in adults. Alterations in proteolysis of the Notch by gamma-secretase could be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Inconsistently, several recent observations have indicated that enhanced Notch signaling and expression could be instrumental in neurodegeneration in AD. Therefore, detailed and precise study of Notch signaling in AD is important for elucidating diverse mechanisms of pathogenesis and potentially for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Seo YW, Woo HN, Piya S, Moon AR, Oh JW, Yun CW, Kim KK, Min JY, Jeong SY, Chung S, Song PI, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Seol DW, Kim TH. The Cell Death–Inducing Activity of the Peptide Containing Noxa Mitochondrial-Targeting Domain Is Associated with Calcium Release. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8356-65. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Woo HN, Seo YW, Moon AR, Jeong SY, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Kim TH. Effects of the BH3-only protein human Noxa on mitochondrial dynamics. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2349-54. [PMID: 19540835 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria form reticular networks comprised of filamentous tubules and continuously move and change shape. Bcl-2 family proteins actively participate in the regulation of mitochondria fragmentation. Here, we show that human Noxa, which belongs to the BH3-only pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, causes mitochondrial fragmentation. We found that while the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain of Noxa is not associated with mitochondrial fragmentation, the mitochondrial targeting domain (MTD) of Noxa is the region responsible for inducing fragmentation. Two leucine residues in MTD play a key role in the process. Furthermore, the lack of Noxa causes a significant reduction of Velcade-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Together, these results provide novel insight into the role of Noxa in mitochondrial dynamics and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Woo
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Pungnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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17
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Jo DG, Arumugam TV, Woo HN, Park JS, Tang SC, Mughal M, Hyun DH, Park JH, Choi YH, Gwon AR, Camandola S, Cheng A, Cai H, Song W, Markesbery WR, Mattson MP. Evidence that gamma-secretase mediates oxidative stress-induced beta-secretase expression in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:917-25. [PMID: 18687504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Beta-secretase (BACE1), an enzyme responsible for the production of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), is increased by oxidative stress and is elevated in the brains of patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that oxidative stress fails to induce BACE1 expression in presenilin-1 (gamma-secretase)-deficient cells and in normal cells treated with gamma-secretase inhibitors. Oxidative stress-induced beta-secretase activity and sAPPbeta levels were suppressed by gamma-secretase inhibitors. Levels of gamma- and beta-secretase activities were greater in brain tissue samples from AD patients compared to non-demented control subjects, and the elevated BACE1 level in the brains of 3xTgAD mice was reduced by treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Our findings suggest that gamma-secretase mediates oxidative stress-induced expression of BACE1 resulting in excessive Abeta production in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gyu Jo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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18
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Pyo JO, Jang MH, Kwon YK, Lee HJ, Jun JI, Woo HN, Cho DH, Choi B, Lee H, Kim JH, Mizushima N, Oshumi Y, Jung YK. Essential roles of Atg5 and FADD in autophagic cell death: dissection of autophagic cell death into vacuole formation and cell death. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:20722-9. [PMID: 15778222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413934200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagic cell death is characterized by the accumulation of vacuoles in physiological and pathological conditions. However, its molecular event is unknown. Here, we show that Atg5, which is known to function in autophagy, contributes to autophagic cell death by interacting with Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD). Down-regulation of Atg5 expression in HeLa cells suppresses cell death and vacuole formation induced by IFN-gamma. Inversely, ectopic expression of Atg5 using adenoviral delivery induces autophagic cell death. Deletion mapping analysis indicates that procell death activity resides in the middle and C-terminal region of Atg5. Cells harboring the accumulated vacuoles triggered by IFN-gamma or Atg5 expression become dead, and vacuole formation precedes cell death. 3-Methyladenine or expression of Atg5(K130R) mutant blocks both cell death and vacuole formation triggered by IFN-gamma, whereas benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-fmk) inhibits only cell death but not vacuole formation. Atg5 interacts with FADD via death domain in vitro and in vivo, and the Atg5-mediated cell death, but not vacuole formation, is blocked in FADD-deficient cells. These results suggest that Atg5 plays a crucial role in IFN-gamma-induced autophagic cell death by interacting with FADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ok Pyo
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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19
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Woo HN, Hong GS, Jun JI, Cho DH, Choi HW, Lee HJ, Chung CW, Kim IK, Jo DG, Pyo JO, Bertin J, Jung YK. Inhibition of Bcl10-mediated activation of NF-kappa B by BinCARD, a Bcl10-interacting CARD protein. FEBS Lett 2005; 578:239-44. [PMID: 15637807 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a novel CARD-containing protein from EST database. BinCARD (Bcl10-interacting protein with CARD). BinCARD was ubiquitously expressed. Co-immunoprecipitation, In vitro binding, mammalian two-hybrid, and immunostaining assays revealed that BinCARD interacted with Bcl10 through CARD. BinCARD potently suppressed NF-kappa B activation induced by Bcl10 and decreased the amounts of phosphorylated Bcl10. Mutations at the residue Leu17 or Leu65, which is highly conserved in CARD, abolished the inhibitory effects of BinCARD on both Bcl10-induced activation of NF-kappa B and phosphorylation of Bcl10. Further, expression of BinCARD inhibited Bcl10 phosphorylation induced by T cell activation signal. These results suggest that BinCARD interacts with Bcl10 to inhibit Bcl10-mediated activation of NF-kappa B and to suppress Bcl10 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Woo
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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20
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Cho DH, Hong YM, Lee HJ, Woo HN, Pyo JO, Mak TW, Jung YK. Induced inhibition of ischemic/hypoxic injury by APIP, a novel Apaf-1-interacting protein. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:39942-50. [PMID: 15262985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405747200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the isolation and characterization of a new apaf-1-interacting protein (APIP) as a negative regulator of ischemic injury. APIP is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart and binds to the CARD of Apaf-1 in competition with caspase-9. Exogenous APIP inhibits cytochrome c-induced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and suppresses cell death triggered by mitochondrial apoptotic stimuli through inhibiting the downstream activity of cytochrome c released from mitochondria. Conversely, reduction of APIP expression potentiates mitochondrial apoptosis. APIP expression is highly induced in mouse muscle affected by ischemia produced by interruption of the artery in the hindlimb and in C2C12 myotubes created by hypoxia in vitro, and the blockade of APIP up-regulation results in TUNEL-positive ischemic damage. Furthermore, forced expression of APIP suppresses ischemia/hypoxia-induced death of skeletal muscle cells. Taken together, these results suggest that APIP functions to inhibit muscle ischemic damage by binding to Apaf-1 in the Apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyung Cho
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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21
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Chung CW, Hong YM, Song S, Woo HN, Choi YH, Rohn T, Jung YK. Atypical role of proximal caspase-8 in truncated Tau-induced neurite regression and neuronal cell death. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 14:557-66. [PMID: 14678771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal Tau protein is known to be closely associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we showed that Tau was cleaved by caspase-3 to generate the cleavage product lacking the C-terminus (DeltaTau-1) during neuronal cell death. Here we characterized caspase-8-dependent neurotoxicity of the truncated Tau. Introduction of DeltaTau-1 into primary hippocampal neurons induced loss of neurites in a caspase-dependent manner. Caspase-8 and -6 were proteolytically activated during DeltaTau-1-triggered neuronal cell death, which was suppressed by IETD-fmk, caspase-8 inhibitor. Direct targeting of caspase-8 and its associated FADD with antisense approaches and transient expression of their dominant-negative mutants reduced DeltaTau-1-induced apopotosis. Cells deficient in caspase-8, but not caspase-3, became sensitized to DeltaTau-1-mediated toxicity upon reconstitution with caspase-8. In addition, ectopic expression of mitochondrial antiapoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), or inactive caspase-9 short form suppressed DeltaTau-1 toxicity. These results suggest that the truncated Tau protein activates proximal caspase-8 through FADD as a necessary step leading to neuronal cell death and neurite regression, contributing to the progression of abnormal Tau-associated neurodegeneracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Chung
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 500-712 Gwangju, Korea
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22
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Kim KW, Kim BJ, Chung CW, Jo DG, Kim IK, Song YH, Kwon YK, Woo HN, Jung YK. Caspase cleavage product lacking amino-terminus of IkappaBalpha sensitizes resistant cells to TNF-alpha and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2002; 85:334-45. [PMID: 11948689 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In response to a diverse array of signals, IkappaBalpha is targeted for phosphorylation-dependent degradation by the proteasome, thereby activating NF-kappaB. Here we demonstrate a role of the cleavage product of IkappaBalpha in various death signals. During apoptosis of NIH3T3, Jurkat, Rat-1, and L929 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas, serum deprivation, or TNF-alpha, respectively, IkappaBalpha was cleaved in a caspase-dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo cleavage assays and site-directed mutagenesis showed that caspase-3 cleaved IkappaBalpha between Asp31 and Ser32. Expression of the cleavage product lacking amino-terminus (1-31), DeltaIkappaBalpha, sensitized otherwise resistant NIH3T3 fibroblast cells to apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha or TRAIL, and HeLa tumor cells to TNF-alpha. DeltaIkappaBalpha was more pro-apoptotic compared to wild type or cleavage-resistant (D31E)IkappaBalpha mutant and the sensitization elicited by DeltaIkappaBalpha was as effective as that by the dominant negative mutant, (S32,36A)IkappaBalpha, in NIH3T3 cells. DeltaIkappaBalpha suppressed the transactivation of NF-kappaB induced by TNF-alpha or TRAIL, as reflected by luciferase-reporter activity. Conversely, expression of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB suppressed TNF-alpha-, TRAIL-, and serum deprivation-induced cell death. On the contrary, DeltaIkappaBalpha was less effective at increasing the death rate of HeLa cells that were already sensitive to death signals including TRAIL, etoposide, or taxol. These results suggest that DeltaIkappaBalpha generated by various death signals sensitizes cells to apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappaB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Puk-Gu, Kwangju 500-712, Korea
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23
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Abstract
Apoptotic cell death and increased production of amyloid b peptide (Ab) are pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the exact contribution of apoptosis to the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. Here we describe a novel pro-apoptotic function of calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3. By antisense oligonucleotide-induced inhibition of calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3 synthesis, apoptosis induced by Fas, Ca2+-ionophore, or thapsigargin is attenuated. Conversely, calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3 expression induced the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, DNA laddering, and caspase activation. Calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3-induced apoptosis was suppressed by caspase inhibitor Z-VAD and by Bcl-XL, and was potentiated by increasing cytosolic Ca2+, expression of Swedish amyloid precursor protein mutant (APPSW) or presenilin 2 (PS2), but not by a PS2 deletion lacking its C-terminus (PS2/411stop). In addition, calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3 expression increased Ab42 production in cells expressing APPsw, which was potentiated by PS2, but not by PS2/411stop, which suggests a role for apoptosis-associated Ab42 production of calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Jo
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Puk-gu, Kwangju 500-712, Korea
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24
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Chung CW, Song YH, Kim IK, Yoon WJ, Ryu BR, Jo DG, Woo HN, Kwon YK, Kim HH, Gwag BJ, Mook-Jung IH, Jung YK. Proapoptotic effects of tau cleavage product generated by caspase-3. Neurobiol Dis 2001; 8:162-72. [PMID: 11162250 DOI: 10.1006/nbdi.2000.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an in vitro translation assay to screen a human brain cDNA library, we isolated the microtubule-associated protein Tau and determined it to be a caspase-3 substrate whose C-terminal cleavage occurred during neuronal apoptosis. DeltaTau, the 50-kDa cleavage product, was detected by Western blot in apoptotic cortical cells probed with anti-PHF-1 and anti-Tau-5 antibodies, but not anti-T-46 antibody which recognizes the C-terminus. Overexpression of DeltaTau in SK-N-BE2(C) cells significantly increased the incidence of cell death. Staurosporine-induced Tau cleavage was blocked by 20 microM z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-chloromethylketone, a caspase-3 inhibitor, and in vitro, Tau was selectively cleaved by caspase-3 or calpain, a calcium-activated protease, but not by caspases-1, -8, or -9. (D421E)-Tau, a mutant in which Asp421 was replaced with a Glu, was resistant to cleavage by caspase-3 and tended to suppress staurosporine-induced cell death more efficiently than did wild-type Tau in both transient and stable expression systems. Finally, the incidence of DeltaTau-induced cell death was augmented by expression of Abeta precursor protein (APP) or Swedish APP mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the caspase-3 cleavage product of Tau may contribute to the progression of neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Chung
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, and Biomedical Brain Research Center, National Institute of Health, Puk-Gu, Kwangju, 500-712, Korea
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25
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Kim KW, Chung HH, Chung CW, Kim IK, Miura M, Wang S, Zhu H, Moon KD, Rha GB, Park JH, Jo DG, Woo HN, Song YH, Kim BJ, Yuan J, Jung YK. Inactivation of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I by caspase-3: cleavage of the common alpha subunit during apoptosis. Oncogene 2001; 20:358-66. [PMID: 11313965 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2000] [Revised: 11/09/2000] [Accepted: 11/09/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caspase plays an important role in apoptosis. We report here that farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase (FTase/GGTase)-alpha, a common subunit of FTase (alpha/beta(FTase)) and GGTase I (alpha/beta(GGTase)), was cleaved by caspase-3 during apoptosis. FTase/GGTase-alpha (49 kDa) was cleaved to 35 kDa (p35) in the Rat-2/H-ras, W4 and Rat-1 cells treated with FTase inhibitor (LB42708), anti-Fas antibody and etoposide, respectively. This cleavage was inhibited by caspase-inhibitors (YVAD-cmk, DEVD-cho). Serial N-terminal deletions and site-directed mutagenesis showed that Asp59 of FTase/GGTase-alpha was cleaved by caspase-3. The common FTase/GGTase-alpha subunit, but not the beta subunits, of the FTase or GGTase I protein complexes purified from baculovirus-infected SF-9 cells was cleaved to be inactivated by purified caspase-3. In contrast, FTase mutant protein complex [(D(59)A)alpha/beta(FTase)] was resistant to caspase-3. Expression of either the cleavage product (60-379) or anti-sense of FTase/GGTase-alpha induced cell death in Rat-2/H-ras cells. Furthermore, expression of (D(59)A)FTase/GGTase-alpha mutant significantly desensitized cells to etoposide-induced death. Taken together, we suggest that cleavage of prenyltransferase by caspase contributes to the progression of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Kim
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Puk-gu, Kwangju 500-712, Korea
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26
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Abstract
TRAIL induces apoptosis in various tumor cells. We report here that caspase-8 is required in TRAIL-induced cell death. Western blot analyses and enzyme assays showed that exposing Jurkat cells to TRAIL resulted in activation of caspases-8 followed by caspase-3 and -9. Acetyl-IETD-fluoromethylketone, a caspase-8 inhibitor, potently suppressed TRAIL-induced cell death compared to acetyl-DEVD-fluoromethylketone and acetyl-LEHD-fluoromethylketone, inhibitors of caspase-3 and caspase-9, respectively. JB6 cells, a caspase-8-deficient Jurkat variant, were completely resistant to TRAIL. However, reconstitution with a caspase-8, but not with caspase-2 or -3, sensitized JB6 cells to subsequent exposure to TRAIL. These results are indicative of the crucial function of caspase-8 in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Kim
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong Puk-Gu, Kwangju, 500-712, Korea
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27
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of active cell death and is characterized by activation of caspases, DNA fragmentation, and biochemical and morphological changes. To better understand apoptosis, we have characterized the dose- and time-dependent toxic effects of cadmium in Rat-1 fibroblasts. Staining of cells with phosphatidylserine (PS)-annexin V, Hoechst 33258 or Rhodamine 123 and Tunel assays showed that incubating cells with 10 microM cadmium induced a form of cell death exhibiting typical characteristics of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, externalization of PS, loss of mitochondria membrane potential, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Expression of Bcl-2 or CrmA each suppressed cadmium-induced cell death although Bcl-2 was somewhat more effective than CrmA. In vitro assay of caspase activity carried out using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) as a substrate as well as intracellular caspase assays using a fluorigenic caspase-3 substrate confirmed that caspase-3 is activated in Rat-1 cells undergoing cadmium-induced apoptosis. Both Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (DEVD-cho) and Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone (YVAD-cmk), selective inhibitors of caspase-3 and caspase-1, respectively, suppressed significantly cadmium-induced cell death. However, the nonselective caspase inhibitor, z-Val-Ala-Asp-floromethylketone (zVAD-fmk), was the most efficacious agent, almost completely blocking cadmium-induced cell death. Taken together, these results demonstrate that as in other forms of apoptosis, caspases play a central role in cadmium-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-gu, Kwangju, South Korea
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