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Ahmadi H, Farhadi H, Morshedloo MR, Maggi F. Modeling and optimizing concentration of exogenous application of γ-aminobutyric acid on NaCl-stressed pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens) using response surface methodology: an investigation into secondary metabolites and physiological parameters. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:309. [PMID: 37296388 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity, a severe worldwide issue, compromises the economic production of medicinal plants including mints and causes drug-yield decline. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a tolerance-inducing signaling bio-molecule in various plant physiological processes. Pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.) is a valuable medicinal herb with an exhilarating scent of citrus fruit. Piperitenone oxide is the major bioactive constituent of its essential oil, having significant demand by pharmaceutical industries. Nonetheless, modeling and optimizing the effective concentration of GABA remain within twin foci of interest. Therefore, a two factor-five level (NaCl 0-150 mM and GABA 0-2.4 mM) central composite design was conducted to model and optimize drug yield and physiological responses of M. suaveolens. Based on the design of experiments (DoE) approach, different linear, quadratic, cubic, and quartic models were assigned to the response variables. Change trends of shoot and root dry weights followed a simple linear model, whereas sophisticated models (i.e., multiple polynomial regression) were fitted to the other traits. NaCl stress inevitably reduced root and shoot dry weight, piperitenone oxide content, relative water content, pigments content, and maximum quantum yield of PSII. However, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total flavonoid, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were increased under salinity. Under severe NaCl stress (150 mM), the essential oil content (0.53%) was increased three times in comparison with control (0.18%). Optimization analysis demonstrated that the highest amount of essential oil (0.6%) and piperitenone oxide (81%) as a drug yield-determining component would be achievable by application of 0.1-0.2 mM GABA under 100 mM NaCl. The highest dry weight of root and shoot was predicted to be achieved at 2.4 mM GABA. Overall, extremely severe NaCl stress (i.e., more than 100 mM) in which a sharp drop in yield components value was observed seemed to be out of M. suaveolens salinity tolerance range. Hence, it is rationale to compensate the decrease of drug yield by foliar application of a dilute GABA solution (i.e., 0.1-0.2 mM) under 100 mM NaCl stress or lower levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Ahmadi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 31587 77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Habib Farhadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, P.O.Box 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, P.O.Box 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran.
- Center of International Scientific and Collaborations (CISSC), Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
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Abasi F, Farhadi H. The effectiveness of virtual reality package on improving the quality of work life and organizational vitality. Occup Med (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.18502/tkj.v14i4.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The quality of work life is one of the most important variables in the field of industrial and organizational psychology, which leads to an increase in individual performance and organizational productivity by creating organizational vitality. Today's organizations use many measures to improve the quality of work life and the vitality of employees, one of the newest methods is the use of virtual reality.
Methods and Materials: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of virtual reality on the quality of work life and organizational vitality of employees. The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The sample of this research was 30 employees of Iran's New Energy Organization, who were assigned in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The tools of this research were Walton's quality of work life questionnaire (1973) and Kroloff's organizational vitality (2007). The experimental group of 15 people underwent the virtual reality training package during 8 sessions (10 minutes each session). After collecting the data, they were analyzed using the covariance analysis method.
Results: The results showed that the difference between the average scores of the post-test of the quality of work life and organizational vitality in the two experimental and control groups is significant (P<0.01). Therefore, it can be said that the virtual reality package has a favorable effect on the quality of work life and organizational vitality and improves the quality of work life and organizational vitality.
Conclusion: It is suggested that organizations and companies use the virtual reality package to improve quality of work life and organizational vitality of their employees.
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Gohari G, Farhadi H, Panahirad S, Zareei E, Labib P, Jafari H, Mahdavinia G, Hassanpouraghdam MB, Ioannou A, Kulak M, Fotopoulos V. Mitigation of salinity impact in spearmint plants through the application of engineered chitosan-melatonin nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:893-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gohari G, Zareei E, Rostami H, Panahirad S, Kulak M, Farhadi H, Amini M, Martinez-Ballesta MDC, Fotopoulos V. Protective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Flame Seedless under salt stress conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 220:112402. [PMID: 34090105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High levels of soil salinity can cause substantial decline in growth and productivity of crops worldwide, thus representing a major threat to global agriculture. In recent years, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been deemed as a promising alternative in combating abiotic stress factors, such as salinity. In this context, the present study was designed to explore the potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) in alleviating salt stress in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Flame Seedless) cuttings. Specifically, the interaction between CeO2 NPs (25, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and salinity (25 and 75 mM NaCl) was evaluated by assaying an array of agronomic, physiological, analytical and biochemical parameters. Treatments with CeO2 NPs, in general, alleviated the adverse impacts of salt stress (75 mM NaCl) significantly improving relevant agronomic traits of grapevine. CeO2 NPs significantly ameliorated chlorophyll damage under high levels of salinity. Furthermore, the presence of CeO2 NPs attenuated salinity-induced damages in grapevine as indicated by lower levels of proline, MDA and EL; however, H2O2 content was not ameliorated by the presence of CeO2 NPs under salt stress. Additionally, salinity caused substantial increases in enzymatic activities of GP, APX and SOD, compared with control plants. Similar to stress conditions, all concentrations of CeO2 NPs triggered APX activity, while the highest concentration of CeO2 NPs significantly increased GP activity. However, CeO2 NPs did not significantly modify SOD activity. Considering mineral nutrient profile, salinity increased Na and Cl content as well as Na/K ratio, while it decreased K, P and Ca contents. Nevertheless, the presence of CeO2 NPs did not lead to significant alterations in Na, K and P content of salt-stressed plants. Taken together, current findings suggest that CeO2 NPs could be employed as promising salt-stress alleviating agents in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Havzhin Rostami
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sima Panahirad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Turkey
| | - Habib Farhadi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Sheikhalipour M, Esmaielpour B, Gohari G, Haghighi M, Jafari H, Farhadi H, Kulak M, Kalisz A. Salt Stress Mitigation via the Foliar Application of Chitosan-Functionalized Selenium and Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134090. [PMID: 34279430 PMCID: PMC8271991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High salt levels are one of the significant and major limiting factors on crop yield and productivity. Out of the available attempts made against high salt levels, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely employed and considered as effective strategies in this regard. Of these NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and selenium functionalized using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs–Se NPs) were applied for a quite number of plants, but their potential roles for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on stevia remains unclear. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the reputed medicinal plants due to their diterpenoid steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). For this reason, the current study was designed to investigate the potential of TiO2 NPs (0, 100 and 200 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) to alleviate salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in stevia. The findings of the study revealed that salinity decreased the growth and photosynthetic traits but resulted in substantial cell damage through increasing H2O2 and MDA content, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL). However, the application of TiO2 NPs (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1) increased the growth, photosynthetic performance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA and EL under the saline conditions. In addition to the enhanced growth and physiological performance of the plant, the essential oil content was also increased with the treatments of TiO2 (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1). In addition, the tested NPs treatments increased the concentration of stevioside (in the non-saline condition and under salinity stress) and rebaudioside A (under the salinity conditions) in stevia plants. Overall, the current findings suggest that especially 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs and 20 mg L−1 Cs–Se could be considered as promising agents in combating high levels of salinity in the case of stevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sheikhalipour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardabili, Ardabil 13131-56199, Iran; (M.S.); (B.E.)
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardabili, Ardabil 13131-56199, Iran; (M.S.); (B.E.)
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Maryam Haghighi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Hessam Jafari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Habib Farhadi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran;
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir 76000, Turkey;
| | - Andrzej Kalisz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (A.K.)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes seizures of many different types. Recent research has shown that epileptic seizures can be predicted by using the electrocardiogrami instead of the electroencephalogram. In this study, we used the heart rate variability that is generated by the fluctuating balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to predict epileptic seizures. METHODS We studied 11 epilepsy patients to predict the seizure interval. With regar tos the fact that HRV signals are nonstationary, our analysis focused on linear features in the time and frequency domain of HRV signal such as RR Interval (RRI), mean heart rate (HR), high-frequency (HF) (0.15-0.40 Hz) and low-frequency (LF) (0.04-0.15 Hz), as well as LF/HF. Also, quantitative analyses of Poincaré plot features (SD1, SD2, and SD1/SD2 ratio) were performed. HRV signal was divided into intervals of 5 minutes. In each segment linear and nonlinear features were extracted and then the amount of each segment compared to the previous segment using a threshold. Finally, we evaluated the performance of our method using specificity and sensitivity. RESULTS During seizures, mean HR, LF/HF, and SD2/SD1 ratio significantly increased while RRI significantly decreased. Significant differences between two groups were identified for several HRV features. Therefore, these parameters can be used as a useful feature to discriminate a seizure from a non-seizure The seizure prediction algorithm proposed based on HRV achieved 88.3% sensitivity and 86.2 % specificity. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the HRV signal contains valuable information and can be a predictor for epilepsy seizure. Although our results in comparison with EEG ares a little bit weaker, the recording of ECG is much easier and faster than EEG. Also, our finding showed the results of this study are considerably better than recent research based on ECG (Tab. 1, Fig. 10, Ref. 17).
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Farhadi H, Pareek S, Day R, Dong W, Chrétien M, Bergeron JJ, Seidah NG, Murphy RA. Prohormone convertases in mouse submandibular gland: co-localization of furin and nerve growth factor. J Histochem Cytochem 1997; 45:795-804. [PMID: 9199665 DOI: 10.1177/002215549704500604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) in mouse submandibular glands (SGs) is generated from a 35-kD precursor by proteolytic enzymes that have yet to be identified. Prohormone convertases (PCs) cleave the NGF precursor in vitro, and in this study we questioned whether PCs could process salivary NGF in vivo. mRNA coding for PC2 (but not PC1) was detected on Northern blots of SG mRNA and also by in situ hybridization within parasympathetic neurons of intralobular ganglia. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses also detect mRNA coding for furin. In SGs of male mice, furin mRNA levels are high at birth and remain high throughout development. In glands from female mice, levels decline during postnatal development and are lower in adults than in newborns. Immunocytochemistry detects furin immunoreactivity in pro-acinar and ductal cells of glands from newborn and pubescent mice. In glands of adults, furin immunoreactivity is detectable in acinar cells but highest levels are present in NGF-containing granular convoluted tubule cells. These data, taken together with those from previous studies, suggest that furin is a candidate processing enzyme for NGF in mouse submandibular glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Farhadi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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