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Thomas S, Smatti MK, Alsulaiti H, Zedan HT, Eid AH, Hssain AA, Abu Raddad LJ, Gentilcore G, Ouhtit A, Althani AA, Nasrallah GK, Grivel JC, Yassine HM. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 in patients exposed to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29628. [PMID: 38682568 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in serum samples from patients exposed to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination on ADE in individuals with a MERS infection history. We performed ADE assay in sera from MERS recovered and SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated individuals using BHK cells expressing FcgRIIa, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV pseudoviruses (PVs). Further, we analyzed the association of ADE to serum IgG levels and neutralization. Out of 16 MERS patients, nine demonstrated ADE against SARS-CoV-2 PV, however, none of the samples demonstrated ADE against MERS-CoV PV. Furthermore, out of the seven patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination after MERS-CoV infection, only one patient (acutely infected with MERS-CoV) showed ADE for SARS-CoV-2 PV. Further analysis indicated that IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 against SARS-CoV-2 S1 and RBD subunits, IgG1 and IgG2 against the MERS-CoV S1 subunit, and serum neutralizing activity were low in ADE-positive samples. In summary, samples from MERS-CoV-infected patients exhibited ADE against SARS-CoV-2 and was significantly associated with low levels of neutralizing antibodies. Subsequent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination resulted in diminished ADE activity while the PV neutralization assay demonstrated a broadly reactive antibody response in some patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Thomas
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria K Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haya Alsulaiti
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadeel T Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- College of Medicine-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Hssain
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Zedan HT, Smatti MK, Al-Sadeq DW, Al Khatib HA, Nicolai E, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Hssain AA, Taleb S, Qotba H, Issa K, Abu Raddad LJ, Althani AA, Nasrallah GK, Yassine HM. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers more potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses than mRNA-, vector-, and inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccines. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29527. [PMID: 38511514 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are elicited after infection and vaccination and have been well studied. However, their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) functionality is still poorly characterized. Here, we investigated ADCC activity in convalescent sera from infected patients with wild-type (WT) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or omicron variant compared with three coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms and postvaccination breakthrough infection (BTI). We analyzed ADCC activity targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins in convalescent sera following WT SARS-CoV-2-infection (n = 91), including symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, omicron-infection (n = 8), COVID-19 vaccination with messenger RNA- (mRNA)- (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, n = 77), adenovirus vector- (n = 41), and inactivated virus- (n = 46) based vaccines, as well as post-mRNA vaccination BTI caused by omicron (n = 28). Correlations between ADCC, binding, and NAb titers were reported. ADCC was elicited within the first month postinfection and -vaccination and remained detectable for ≥3 months. WT-infected symptomatic patients had higher S-specific ADCC levels than asymptomatic and vaccinated individuals. Also, no difference in N-specific ADCC activity was seen between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, but the levels were higher than the inactivated vaccine. Notably, omicron infection showed reduced overall ADCC activity compared to WT SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although post-mRNA vaccination BTI elicited high levels of binding and NAbs, ADCC activity was significantly reduced. Also, there was no difference in ADCC levels across the four vaccines, although NAbs and binding antibody titers were significantly higher in mRNA-vaccinated individuals. All evaluated vaccine platforms are inferior in inducing ADCC compared to natural infection with WT SARS-CoV-2. The inactivated virus-based vaccine can induce N-specific ADCC activity, but its relevance to clinical outcomes requires further investigation. Our data suggest that ADCC could be used to estimate the extra-neutralization level against COVID-19 and provides evidence that vaccination should focus on other Fc-effector functions besides NAbs. Also, the decreased susceptibility of the omicron variant to ADCC offers valuable guidance for forthcoming efforts to identify the specific targets of antibodies facilitating ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel T Zedan
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria K Smatti
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebah A Al Khatib
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Ait Hssain
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Taleb
- Department of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamda Qotba
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Centers, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khodr Issa
- Proteomics, Inflammatory Response, and Mass Spectrometry (PRISM) Laboratory, INSERM U-1192, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laith J Abu Raddad
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Althani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Hasan M, Zedan HT, Al-Fakhroo D, Elsayed Ibrahim H, Abiib SI, El-Sherbiny IM, Yalcin HC. In vivo testing of novel nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles for alleviating heart failure using the zebrafish embryo model. Nitric Oxide 2024; 144:47-57. [PMID: 38307377 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous systemic disease that is considered one of the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. It is well-known that endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays an important role in cardiac disease etiology. A reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in the bloodstream leads to vasoconstriction and ED. Many studies indicated diminishment of peripheral arteries vasodilation that is mediated by the endothelium in the of patients with chronic HF. With the advancement of nanomedicine, nanotechnology can provide adequate solutions for delivering exogenous NO with the aid of nanoparticles (NPs) to treat ED. The properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) enable both passive and active delivery of drugs. This prompted us to investigate the efficacy of our newly-developed hydrogel nanoparticles (NO-RPs) for the delivery and sustained release of NO gas to alleviate cardiac failure and inflammation in the heart failure zebrafish model. The hydrogel NO-RPs incorporate SPIONS and NO precursor. The sustainend release of NO in the NO-RPs (4200 s), overcomes the problem of the short half life of NO in vivo which is expected to ameliorate the reduced NO bioavailabilty, and its consequences in endothelial and cardiac dysfunction. Zebrafish embryos were used as the animal model in this study to determine the effect of SPIONs-loaded NO-RPs on the cardiovascular system. Cardiac failure was induced in 24hpf embryos by exposure to aristolochic acid (AA)(0.25, 0.5 μM) for 8 h, followed by the SPIONs-loaded NO-RPs (0.25, 0.5 mg/ml) for 48 h, experimental groups included: control group which is healthy non treated zebrafish embryos, AA injured zebrafish embryos (HF) model,and NO-RP treated HF zebrafish embryos. Survival rate was assessed at 72hpf. Cardiac function was also evaluated by analyzing cardiac parameters including heartbeat, major blood vessels primordial cardinal vein and dorsal aorta (PCV &DA) diameter, blood flow velocity in PCV & DA vessels, cardiac output, and PCV & DA shear stresses. All cardiac parameters were analyzed with the aid of MicroZebraLab blood flow analysis software from Viewpoint. In addition, we studied the molecular effects of the developed NO-RPs on the mRNA expression of selected pro-inflammatory markers: IL-6, and Cox-2. Our findings demonstrated that the NO-RPs improved the survival rate in the heart failure zebrafish model and reversed heart failure by enhancing blood flow perfusion in Zebrafish embryos, significantly. In addition, RT-PCR results showed that the NO-RPs significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers (lL-6&COX-2) in the heart failure zebrafish model. Our study confirmed that the developed SPIONs-loaded NO-RPs are effective tool to alleviate cardiac failure and inflammation in the HF zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Hasan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadeel T Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dana Al-Fakhroo
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hend Elsayed Ibrahim
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sumaya Ibrahim Abiib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6 of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Zedan HT, Smatti MK, Thomas S, Nasrallah GK, Afifi NM, Hssain AA, Abu Raddad LJ, Coyle PV, Grivel JC, Almaslamani MA, Althani AA, Yassine HM. Assessment of Broadly Reactive Responses in Patients With MERS-CoV Infection and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2319222. [PMID: 37389876 PMCID: PMC10314312 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.19222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there remain unanswered questions regarding the nature and importance of the humoral immune response against other coronaviruses. Although coinfection of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with the SARS-CoV-2 has not been documented yet, several patients previously infected with MERS-CoV received the COVID-19 vaccine; data describing how preexisting MERS-CoV immunity may shape the response to SARS-CoV-2 following infection or vaccination are lacking. Objective To characterize the cross-reactive and protective humoral responses in patients exposed to both MERS-CoV infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study involved a total of 18 sera samples collected from 14 patients with MERS-CoV infection before (n = 12) and after (n = 6) vaccination with 2 doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273). Of those patients, 4 had prevaccination and postvaccination samples. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV were assessed as well as cross-reactive responses to other human coronaviruses. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes measured were binding antibody responses, neutralizing antibodies, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Binding antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 main antigens (spike [S], nucleocapsid, and receptor-binding domain) were detected using automated immunoassays. Cross-reactive antibodies with the S1 protein of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and common human coronaviruses were analyzed using a bead-based assay. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as well as ADCC activity against SARS-CoV-2 were assessed. Results A total of 18 samples were collected from 14 male patients with MERS-CoV infection (mean [SD] age, 43.8 [14.6] years). Median (IQR) duration between primary COVID-19 vaccination and sample collection was 146 (47-189) days. Prevaccination samples had high levels of anti-MERS S1 immunoglobin M (IgM) and IgG (reactivity index ranging from 0.80 to 54.7 for IgM and from 0.85 to 176.3 for IgG). Cross-reactive antibodies with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were also detected in these samples. However, cross-reactivity against other coronaviruses was not detected by the microarray assay. Postvaccination samples showed significantly higher levels of total antibodies, IgG, and IgA targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein compared with prevaccination samples (eg, mean total antibodies: 8955.0 AU/mL; 95% CI, -5025.0 to 22936.0 arbitrary units/mL; P = .002). In addition, significantly higher anti-SARS S1 IgG levels were detected following vaccination (mean reactivity index, 55.4; 95% CI, -9.1 to 120.0; P = .001), suggesting potential cross-reactivity with these coronaviruses. Also, anti-S NAbs were significantly boosted against SARS-CoV-2 (50.5% neutralization; 95% CI, 17.6% to 83.2% neutralization; P < .001) after vaccination. Furthermore, there was no significant increase in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 S protein postvaccination. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found a significant boost in cross-reactive NAbs in some patients exposed to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. These findings suggest that isolation of broadly reactive antibodies from these patients may help guide the development of a pancoronavirus vaccine by targeting cross-reactive epitopes between distinct strains of human coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel T. Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria K. Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Swapna Thomas
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ali Ait Hssain
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J. Abu Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter V. Coyle
- Virology laboratory, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Asmaa A. Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Al-Khatib HA, Smatti MK, Ali FH, Zedan HT, Thomas S, Ahmed MN, El kahlout RA, Al Bader MA, Elgakhlab D, Coyle PV, Abu-Raddad LJ, Al Thani AA, Yassine HM. Comparative analysis of within-host diversity among vaccinated COVID-19 patients infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. iScience 2022; 25:105438. [PMID: 36310647 PMCID: PMC9595287 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly evolving RNA virus that mutates within hosts and exists as viral quasispecies. Here, we evaluated the within-host diversity among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals (n=379) infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. The majority of samples harbored less than 14 iSNVs. Deep analysis revealed a significantly higher intra-host diversity in Omicron samples compared to other variants (p-value < 0.05). Vaccination status and type had a limited impact on intra-host diversity except for Beta-B.1.315 and Delta-B.1.617.2 vaccinees, who exhibited higher diversity compared to unvaccinated individuals (p-values: < 0.0001 and < 0.0021; respectively). Three immune-escape mutations were identified: S255F in Delta; and R346K and T376A in Omicron-B.1.1.529. The latter two mutations were fixed in BA.1 and BA.2 genomes, respectively. Overall, the relatively higher intra-host diversity among vaccinated individuals, and the detection of immune-escape mutations, despite rare, suggest a potential vaccine-induced immune pressure in vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria K. Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Fatma H. Ali
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hadeel T. Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Swapna Thomas
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muna N. Ahmed
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Peter V. Coyle
- Virology Laboratory, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asma A. Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author Hadi M. Yassine Phone: +974-4403-6819
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Zedan HT, Nasrallah GK. Effectiveness of mRNA booster doses against the omicron variant. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2022; 22:1257-1258. [PMID: 35658999 PMCID: PMC9162474 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel T Zedan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Younes N, Al-Sadeq DW, Shurrab FM, Zedan HT, Abou-Saleh H, Abo-Halawa BY, AlHamaydeh FM, Elsharafi AE, Daas HI, Thomas S, Aboalmaaly S, Al Farsi A, Al-Buainain R, Ataelmannan S, Paul J, Al Saadi AS, Yassine HM, Majdalawieh AF, Ismail A, Abu-Raddad LJ, Nasrallah GK. Validation of a Novel Fluorescent Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD Binding Antibody Units (BAU) from Plasma or Fingerstick Whole-Blood of COVID-19 Vaccinees. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081318. [PMID: 36016206 PMCID: PMC9415525 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited commercial LFA assays are available to provide a reliable quantitative measurement of the total binding antibody units (BAU/mL) against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBD). Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the fluorescence LFA FinecareTM 2019-nCoV S-RBD test along with its reader (Model No.: FS-113) against the following reference methods: (i) the FDA-approved GenScript surrogate virus-neutralizing assay (sVNT); and (ii) three highly performing automated immunoassays: BioMérieux VIDAS®3, Ortho VITROS®, and Mindray CL-900i®. Methods: Plasma from 488 vaccinees was tested by all aforementioned assays. Fingerstick whole-blood samples from 156 vaccinees were also tested by FinecareTM. Results and conclusions: FinecareTM showed 100% specificity, as none of the pre-pandemic samples tested positive. Equivalent FinecareTM results were observed among the samples taken from fingerstick or plasma (Pearson correlation r = 0.9, p < 0.0001), suggesting that fingerstick samples are sufficient to quantitate the S-RBD BAU/mL. A moderate correlation was observed between FinecareTM and sVNT (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001), indicating that FinecareTM can be used for rapid prediction of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) post-vaccination. FinecareTM BAU results showed strong correlation with VIDAS®3 (r = 0.6, p < 0.0001) and moderate correlation with VITROS® (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001) and CL-900i® (r = 0.4, p < 0.0001), suggesting that FinecareTM can be used as a surrogate for the advanced automated assays to measure S-RBD BAU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Farah M. Shurrab
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hadeel T. Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Bushra Y. Abo-Halawa
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Fatima M. AlHamaydeh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Amira E. Elsharafi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hanin I. Daas
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Swapna Thomas
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sahar Aboalmaaly
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 42, Qatar
| | - Afra Al Farsi
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 42, Qatar
| | - Reeham Al-Buainain
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 42, Qatar
| | - Samar Ataelmannan
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 42, Qatar
| | - Jiji Paul
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 42, Qatar
| | - Amana Salih Al Saadi
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 42, Qatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Amin F. Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 42, Qatar
| | - Laith J. Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation—Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-4817; Fax: +974-4403-1351
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A Elrayess M, T Zedan H, A Alattar R, Abusriwil H, Al-Ruweidi MKAA, Almuraikhy S, Parengal J, Alhariri B, Yassine HM, A Hssain A, Nair A, Al Samawi M, Abdelmajid A, Al Suwaidi J, Omar Saad M, Al-Maslamani M, Omrani AS, Yalcin HC. Soluble ACE2 and angiotensin II levels are modulated in hypertensive COVID-19 patients treated with different antihypertension drugs. Blood Press 2022; 31:80-90. [PMID: 35548940 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2055530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the effect of antihypertensive drugs on ACE2 and Angiotensin II levels in hypertensive COVID-19 patients. INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a common comorbidity among severe COVID-19 patients. ACE2 expression can be modulated by antihypertensive drugs such as ACEis and ARBs, which may affect COVID-19's prognosis. BB and CCB reduce mortality, according to some evidence. Their effect on circulating levels of ACE2 and angiotensin II, as well as the severity of COVID-19, is less well studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical data were collected from 200 patients in four different antihypertensive medication classes (ACEi, ARB, BB, and CCB). Angiotensin II and ACE2 levels were determined using standard ELISA kits. ACE2, angiotensin II, and other clinical indices were evaluated by linear regression models. RESULTS Patients on ACEi (n = 57), ARB (n = 68), BB (n = 15), or CCB (n = 30) in this study had mild (n = 76), moderate (n = 76), or severe (n = 52) COVID-19. ACE2 levels were higher in COVID-19 patients with severe disease (p = 0.04) than mild (p = 0.07) and moderate (p = 0.007). The length of hospital stay is correlated with ACE2 levels (r = 0.3, p = 0.003). Angiotensin II levels decreased with severity (p = 0.04). Higher ACE2 levels are associated with higher CRP and D-dimer levels. Elevated Angiotensin II was associated with low levels of CRP, D-dimer, and troponin. ACE2 levels increase with disease severity in patients taking an ARB (p = 0.01), patients taking ACEi, the degree of disease severity was associated with a decrease in angiotensin II. BB patients had the lowest disease severity. CONCLUSION We found different levels of soluble ACE2, and angiotensin II are observed among COVID-19 patients taking different antihypertensive medications and exhibiting varying levels of disease severity. COVID-19 severity increases with elevated ACE2 levels and lower angiotensin II levels indicating that BB treatment reduces severity regardless of levels of ACE2 and angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadeel T Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rand A Alattar
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem Abusriwil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Jabeed Parengal
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bassem Alhariri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Hssain
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arun Nair
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Musaed Al Samawi
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Abdelmajid
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Muna Al-Maslamani
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali S Omrani
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Gupta A, Thirugnanam K, Thamilarasan M, Mohieldin AM, Zedan HT, Prabhudesai S, Griffin MR, Spearman AD, Pan A, Palecek SP, Yalcin HC, Nauli SM, Rarick KR, Zennadi R, Ramchandran R. Cilia proteins are biomarkers of altered flow in the vasculature. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151813. [PMID: 35143420 PMCID: PMC8986075 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia, microtubule-based organelles that project from the apical luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs), are widely regarded as low-flow sensors. Previous reports suggest that upon high shear stress, cilia on the EC surface are lost, and more recent evidence suggests that deciliation—the physical removal of cilia from the cell surface—is a predominant mechanism for cilia loss in mammalian cells. Thus, we hypothesized that EC deciliation facilitated by changes in shear stress would manifest in increased abundance of cilia-related proteins in circulation. To test this hypothesis, we performed shear stress experiments that mimicked flow conditions from low to high shear stress in human primary cells and a zebrafish model system. In the primary cells, we showed that upon shear stress induction, indeed, ciliary fragments were observed in the effluent in vitro, and effluents contained ciliary proteins normally expressed in both endothelial and epithelial cells. In zebrafish, upon shear stress induction, fewer cilia-expressing ECs were observed. To test the translational relevance of these findings, we investigated our hypothesis using patient blood samples from sickle cell disease and found that plasma levels of ciliary proteins were elevated compared with healthy controls. Further, sickled red blood cells demonstrated high levels of ciliary protein (ARL13b) on their surface after adhesion to brain ECs. Brain ECs postinteraction with sickle RBCs showed high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Attenuating ROS levels in brain ECs decreased cilia protein levels on RBCs and rescued ciliary protein levels in brain ECs. Collectively, these data suggest that cilia and ciliary proteins in circulation are detectable under various altered-flow conditions, which could serve as a surrogate biomarker of the damaged endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ashraf M Mohieldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Hadeel T Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shubhangi Prabhudesai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Meghan R Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Andrew D Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Amy Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States of America
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Kevin R Rarick
- Division of Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Rahima Zennadi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, United States of America
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
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Zedan HT, Nasrallah GK. Is preexisting immunity to seasonal coronaviruses limited to cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2? A seroprevalence cross-sectional study in north-eastern France. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103580. [PMID: 34525435 PMCID: PMC8435264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel T Zedan
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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