1
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Acton B, Small HF, Smith KM, McGonagle A, Stowell AIJ, James DI, Hamilton NM, Hamilton N, Hitchin JR, Hutton CP, Waddell ID, Ogilvie DJ, Jordan AM. Fluoromethylcyclopropylamine derivatives as potential in vivo toxicophores - A cautionary disclosure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:560-562. [PMID: 30616904 PMCID: PMC6376317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorination of metabolic hotspots in a molecule is a common medicinal chemistry strategy to improve in vivo half-life and exposure and, generally, this strategy offers significant benefits. Here, we report the application of this strategy to a series of poly-ADP ribose glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitors, resulting in unexpected in vivo toxicity which was attributed to this single-atom modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Acton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Helen F Small
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Alison McGonagle
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Alexandra I J Stowell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Niall M Hamilton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Nicola Hamilton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - James R Hitchin
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Colin P Hutton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Ian D Waddell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK.
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2
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Waszkowycz B, Smith KM, McGonagle AE, Jordan AM, Acton B, Fairweather EE, Griffiths LA, Hamilton NM, Hamilton NS, Hitchin JR, Hutton CP, James DI, Jones CD, Jones S, Mould DP, Small HF, Stowell AIJ, Tucker JA, Waddell ID, Ogilvie DJ. Cell-Active Small Molecule Inhibitors of the DNA-Damage Repair Enzyme Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG): Discovery and Optimization of Orally Bioavailable Quinazolinedione Sulfonamides. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10767-10792. [PMID: 30403352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair enzymes are promising targets in the development of new therapeutic agents for a wide range of cancers and potentially other diseases. The enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms; however, the lack of potent drug-like inhibitors for use in cellular and in vivo models has limited the investigation of its potential as a novel therapeutic target. Using the crystal structure of human PARG in complex with the weakly active and cytotoxic anthraquinone 8a, novel quinazolinedione sulfonamides PARG inhibitors have been identified by means of structure-based virtual screening and library design. 1-Oxetan-3-ylmethyl derivatives 33d and 35d were selected for preliminary investigations in vivo. X-ray crystal structures help rationalize the observed structure-activity relationships of these novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Kate M Smith
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Alison E McGonagle
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Ben Acton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Emma E Fairweather
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Louise A Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Niall M Hamilton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Nicola S Hamilton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - James R Hitchin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Colin P Hutton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Dominic I James
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Clifford D Jones
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit , AstraZeneca , Alderley Park , Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Stuart Jones
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Daniel P Mould
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Helen F Small
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Alexandra I J Stowell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Julie A Tucker
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences , AstraZeneca , Alderley Park , Macclesfield , Cheshire SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Ian D Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
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3
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Mould DP, Bremberg U, Jordan AM, Geitmann M, Maiques-Diaz A, McGonagle AE, Small HF, Somervaille TCP, Ogilvie D. Development of 5-hydroxypyrazole derivatives as reversible inhibitors of lysine specific demethylase 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3190-3195. [PMID: 28545974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of reversible inhibitors of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) with a 5-hydroxypyrazole scaffold have been developed from compound 7, which was identified from the patent literature. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biochemical analysis showed it to be a reversible LSD1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.23µM. Optimisation of this compound by rational design afforded compounds with Kd values of <10nM. In human THP-1 cells, these compounds were found to upregulate the expression of the surrogate cellular biomarker CD86. Compound 11p was found to have moderate oral bioavailability in mice suggesting its potential for use as an in vivo tool compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Mould
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Ulf Bremberg
- Beactica AB, Uppsala Business Park, Virdings allé 2, 75450, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Matthis Geitmann
- Beactica AB, Uppsala Business Park, Virdings allé 2, 75450, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Leukaemia Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Alison E McGonagle
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Helen F Small
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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4
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Jordan AM, Begum H, Fairweather E, Fritzl S, Goldberg K, Hopkins GV, Hamilton NM, Lyons AJ, March HN, Newton R, Small HF, Vishwanath S, Waddell ID, Waszkowycz B, Watson AJ, Ogilvie DJ. Anilinoquinazoline inhibitors of the RET kinase domain-Elaboration of the 7-position. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2724-9. [PMID: 27086121 PMCID: PMC4896930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported a series of anilinoquinazoline derivatives as potent and selective biochemical inhibitors of the RET kinase domain. However, these derivatives displayed diminished cellular potency. Herein we describe further optimisation of the series through modification of their physicochemical properties, delivering improvements in cell potency. However, whilst cellular selectivity against key targets could be maintained, combining cell potency and acceptable pharmacokinetics proved challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Habiba Begum
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Emma Fairweather
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Samantha Fritzl
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kristin Goldberg
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Gemma V Hopkins
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Niall M Hamilton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Amanda J Lyons
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - H Nikki March
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Rebecca Newton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Helen F Small
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | - Ian D Waddell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Amanda J Watson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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5
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Newton R, Bowler KA, Burns EM, Chapman PJ, Fairweather EE, Fritzl SJR, Goldberg KM, Hamilton NM, Holt SV, Hopkins GV, Jones SD, Jordan AM, Lyons AJ, Nikki March H, McDonald NQ, Maguire LA, Mould DP, Purkiss AG, Small HF, Stowell AIJ, Thomson GJ, Waddell ID, Waszkowycz B, Watson AJ, Ogilvie DJ. The discovery of 2-substituted phenol quinazolines as potent RET kinase inhibitors with improved KDR selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:20-32. [PMID: 26874741 PMCID: PMC4896931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET has been implicated in medullary thyroid cancer, a small percentage of lung adenocarcinomas, endocrine-resistant breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. There are several clinically approved multi-kinase inhibitors that target RET as a secondary pharmacology but additional activities, most notably inhibition of KDR, lead to dose-limiting toxicities. There is, therefore, a clinical need for more specific RET kinase inhibitors. Herein we report our efforts towards identifying a potent and selective RET inhibitor using vandetanib 1 as the starting point for structure-based drug design. Phenolic anilinoquinazolines exemplified by 6 showed improved affinities towards RET but, unsurprisingly, suffered from high metabolic clearance. Efforts to mitigate the metabolic liability of the phenol led to the discovery that a flanking substituent not only improved the hepatocyte stability, but could also impart a significant gain in selectivity. This culminated in the identification of 36; a potent RET inhibitor with much improved selectivity against KDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Newton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK.
| | - Katherine A Bowler
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Emily M Burns
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, WC2A 3LY, England, UK
| | - Philip J Chapman
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Emma E Fairweather
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Samantha J R Fritzl
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Kristin M Goldberg
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Niall M Hamilton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Sarah V Holt
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Gemma V Hopkins
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Stuart D Jones
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Amanda J Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - H Nikki March
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, WC2A 3LY, England, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, England, UK
| | - Laura A Maguire
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Daniel P Mould
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Andrew G Purkiss
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, WC2A 3LY, England, UK
| | - Helen F Small
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Alexandra I J Stowell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Graeme J Thomson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Ian D Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Amanda J Watson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, England, UK
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6
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Wiseman DH, Small HF, Wilks DP, Waddell ID, Dennis MW, Ogilvie DJ, Somervaille TCP. Elevated plasma 2-hydroxyglutarate in acute myeloid leukaemia: association with the IDH1 SNP rs11554137 and severe renal impairment. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:145-8. [PMID: 24606602 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Wiseman
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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7
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Raoof A, Depledge P, Hamilton NM, Hamilton NS, Hitchin JR, Hopkins GV, Jordan AM, Maguire LA, McGonagle AE, Mould DP, Rushbrooke M, Small HF, Smith KM, Thomson GJ, Turlais F, Waddell ID, Waszkowycz B, Watson AJ, Ogilvie DJ. Toxoflavins and deazaflavins as the first reported selective small molecule inhibitors of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase II. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6352-70. [PMID: 23859074 DOI: 10.1021/jm400568p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) has been implicated in the topoisomerase-mediated repair of DNA damage. In the clinical setting, it has been hypothesized that TDP2 may mediate drug resistance to topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibition by etoposide. Therefore, selective pharmacological inhibition of TDP2 is proposed as a novel approach to overcome intrinsic or acquired resistance to topo II-targeted drug therapy. Following a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign, toxoflavins and deazaflavins were identified as the first reported sub-micromolar and selective inhibitors of this enzyme. Toxoflavin derivatives appeared to exhibit a clear structure-activity relationship (SAR) for TDP2 enzymatic inhibition. However, we observed a key redox liability of this series, and this, alongside early in vitro drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) issues, precluded further exploration. The deazaflavins were developed from a singleton HTS hit. This series showed distinct SAR and did not display redox activity; however low cell permeability proved to be a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raoof
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, U.K.
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8
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Hamilton NM, Dawson M, Fairweather EE, Hamilton NS, Hitchin JR, James DI, Jones SD, Jordan AM, Lyons AJ, Small HF, Thomson GJ, Waddell ID, Ogilvie DJ. Novel steroid inhibitors of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4431-45. [PMID: 22506561 DOI: 10.1021/jm300317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel derivatives of the steroid DHEA 1, a known uncompetitive inhibitor of G6PD, were designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit this dehydrogenase enzyme. Several compounds with approximately 10-fold improved potency in an enzyme assay were identified, and this improved activity translated to efficacy in a cellular assay. The SAR for steroid inhibition of G6PD has been substantially developed; the 3β-alcohol can be replaced with 3β-H-bond donors such as sulfamide, sulfonamide, urea, and carbamate. Improved potency was achieved by replacing the androstane nucleus with a pregnane nucleus, provided a ketone at C-20 is present. For pregnan-20-ones incorporation of a 21-hydroxyl group is often beneficial. The novel compounds generally have good physicochemical properties and satisfactory in vitro DMPK parameters. These derivatives may be useful for examining the role of G6PD inhibition in cells and will assist the future design of more potent steroid inhibitors with potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall M Hamilton
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4 BX, UK.
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9
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Allan GA, Gedge JI, Nedderman ANR, Roffey SJ, Small HF, Webster R. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of UK-383,367 in rats and dogs: A rationale for long-lived plasma radioactivity. Xenobiotica 2008; 36:399-418. [PMID: 16854779 DOI: 10.1080/00498250600618177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UK-383,367 (5-{(1R)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]butyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxamide) is a novel procollagen C-proteinase inhibitor evaluated for the treatment of post-surgical dermal scarring. It is extensively metabolized in rat and dog absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies, and a metabolic pathway for UK-383,367 was determined. A long-lived metabolite was identified in dog plasma. Data indicate that this metabolite results from the oxadiazole ring-cleavage-producing oxamic acid, oxamide and oxalic acid. Ion exclusion chromatography was used to identify these polar metabolites, which were unretained on a standard reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system. The oxamide metabolite was identified as the long-lived radioactivity, which was observed in dog plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Allan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, UK.
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