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Lachance AD, Call C, Radford Z, Stoddard H, Sturgeon C, Babikian G, Rana A, McGrory BJ. The Association of Season of Surgery and Patient Reported Outcomes following Total Hip Arthroplasty. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2024; 15:21514593241227805. [PMID: 38221927 PMCID: PMC10787533 DOI: 10.1177/21514593241227805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the impact of situational variables on surgical recovery can improve outcomes in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Literature examining hospital outcomes by season remains inconclusive, with limited focus on patient experience. The aim of this study is to investigate if there are differences in hospital and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMS) after THA depending on the season of the index procedure to improve surgeon preoperative counseling. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing primary THA at a single large academic center between January 2013 and August 2020. Demographic, operative, hospital, and PROMs were gathered from the institutional electronic medical record and our institutional joint replacement outcomes database. Results 6418 patients underwent primary THA and met inclusion criteria. Of this patient population, 1636 underwent surgery in winter, 1543 in spring, 1811 in summer, and 1428 in fall. PROMs were equivalent across seasons at nearly time points. The average age of patients was 65 (+/- 10) years, with an average BMI of 29.3 (+/- 6). Rates of complications including ED visits within 30 days, readmission within 90 days, unplanned readmission, dislocation, fracture, or wound infection were not significantly different by season (P > .05). Conclusion Our findings indicate no differences in complications and PROMs at 1 year in patients undergoing THA during 4 distinct seasons. Notably, patients had functional differences at the second follow-up visit, suggesting variation in short-term recovery. Patients could be counseled that they have similar rates of complications and postoperative recovery regardless of season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary Radford
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry Stoddard
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Rana
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Brian J. McGrory
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
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2
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Lachance AD, Call C, Radford Z, Stoddard H, Sturgeon C, Babikian G, Rana A, McGrory BJ. Rural-Urban Differences in Hospital and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Hip Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today 2023; 23:101190. [PMID: 37731592 PMCID: PMC10507436 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2023.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rural patients have unique health-care factors influencing outcomes of arthroplasty, hypothetically putting these patients at increased risk for complications following total joint arthroplasty. The aim of this study is to better understand differences in patient outcomes and satisfaction between rural and urban patients receiving care in an urban setting and to provide more equitable care. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty at a single large academic center between January 2013 and August 2020. Demographic, operative, and hospital outcomes were obtained from the institutional electronic medical record. Rurality was determined by rural-urban code (RUC) classifications by zip code with RUC codes 1-3 defined as urban and RUC 4-10 defined as rural. Results Patients from urban areas were more likely to visit the emergency department within 30 days postoperatively (P = .006) and be readmitted within 90 days (P < .001). However, unplanned (P < .001) admissions were higher in the rural group. There was no statistical difference in postoperative complications (P = .4). At 6 months, rural patients had higher patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score total (P = .05), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score interval (P = .05), self-reported functional improvement (P < .05), improvements in pain (P < .05), and that the surgery met expectations (P < .05). However, these values did not reach minimal clinically important difference. Conclusions There may be differences in emergency department visits, readmissions, and PROMs in rural vs urban populations undergoing total hip arthroplasty in an urban setting. Patient access to care and attitudes of rural patients toward health care may underlie these findings. Understanding differences in PROMs, satisfaction, and hospital-based outcomes based on rurality is essential to provide equitable arthroplasty care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary Radford
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry Stoddard
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Callahan Sturgeon
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - George Babikian
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Adam Rana
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Brian J. McGrory
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
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3
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Seiverling EV, Prentiss MA, Stevens K, Stoddard H, Cyr PR, Ahrns H. Impact of Dermoscopy Training for Primary Care Practitioners on Number Needed to Biopsy to Detect Melanoma. PRiMER 2023; 7:276659. [PMID: 36845847 PMCID: PMC9957456 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2023.276659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of melanoma is on the rise. In trained hands, dermoscopy aids in the differentiation of melanoma from benign skin growths, including melanocytic nevi. This study evaluated the impact of dermoscopy training for primary care practitioners (PCPs) on the number of nevi needed to biopsy (NNB) to detect a melanoma. Methods We conducted an educational intervention that included a foundational dermoscopy training workshop and subsequent monthly telementoring video conferences. We performed a retrospective observational study to evaluate the impact of this intervention on the number of nevi needed to biopsy to detect a melanoma. Results The number of nevi biopsied to detect one melanoma decreased from 34.3 to 11.3 following the training intervention. Conclusion Dermoscopy training for primary care practitioners resulted in a significant reduction in the NNB to detect melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henry Stoddard
- Maine Medical Center for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Portland, ME
| | - Peggy R. Cyr
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Maine Medical Center Department of Family Medicine, Portland, ME
| | - Hadjh Ahrns
- Maine Medical Center Department of Family Medicine, Portland, ME
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Eckland A, Kohut M, Stoddard H, Burris D, Chessa F, Sikka MK, Solomon DA, Kershaw CM, Eaton EF, Hutchinson R, Friedmann PD, Stopka TJ, Fairfield KM, Thakarar K. "I know my body better than anyone else": a qualitative study of perspectives of people with lived experience on antimicrobial treatment decisions for injection drug use-associated infections. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231197065. [PMID: 37693858 PMCID: PMC10492466 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231197065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for severe bacterial and fungal infections including skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. PWID have high rates of self-directed discharge and are often not offered outpatient antimicrobial therapies, despite studies showing their efficacy and safety in PWID. This study fills a gap in knowledge of patient and community partner perspectives on treatment and discharge decision making for injection drug use (IDU)-associated infections. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with patients (n = 10) hospitalized with IDU-associated infections and community partners (n = 6) in the Portland, Maine region. Community partners include peer support workers at syringe services programs (SSPs) and outreach specialists working with PWID. We transcribed and thematically analyzed interviews to explore perspectives on three domains: perspectives on long-term hospitalization, outpatient treatment options, and patient involvement in decision making. Results Participants noted that stigma and inadequate pain management created poor hospitalization experiences that contributed to self-directed discharge. On the other hand, patients reported hospitalization provided opportunities to connect to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and protect them from outside substance use triggers. Many patients expressed interest in outpatient antimicrobial treatment options conditional upon perceived efficacy of the treatment, perceived ability to complete treatment, and available resources and social support. Finally, both patients and community partners emphasized the importance of autonomy and inclusion in medical decision making. Although some participants acknowledged their SUD, withdrawal symptoms, or undertreated pain might interfere with decision making, they felt these medical conditions were not justification for health care professionals withholding treatment options. They recommended open communication to build trust and reduce harms. Conclusion Patients with IDU-associated infections desire autonomy, respect, and patient-centered care from healthcare workers, and may self-discharge when needs or preferences are not met. Involving patients in treatment decisions and offering outpatient antimicrobial options may result in better outcomes. However, patient involvement in decision making may be complicated by many contextual factors unique to each patient, suggesting a need for shared decision making to meet the needs of hospitalized patients with IDU-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Eckland
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Kohut
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Henry Stoddard
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Deb Burris
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Frank Chessa
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Monica K. Sikka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel A. Solomon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen M. Kershaw
- Section of Infectious Disease and International Health, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ellen F. Eaton
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Hutchinson
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, Portland, ME, USA
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Peter D. Friedmann
- Office of Research, Baystate Health and UMass Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Stopka
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fairfield
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, Portland, ME, USA
- Maine Medical Center, South Portland, ME, USA
| | - Kinna Thakarar
- Maine Medical Center, 41 Donald B. Dean Drive, Suite B, South Portland, ME 04106, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, Portland, ME, USA
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Black TA, Parbs JR, Teixeira AJ, Cyr P, Nelson KC, Stoddard H, Seiverling EV. Thematic analyses of participant survey responses following dermatology ECHO programs with dermoscopy: Practical tips and lessons learned. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1163556. [PMID: 37035480 PMCID: PMC10073653 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1163556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin cancer is a major public health concern in the United States, reflecting approximately one in every three cancer diagnoses. Despite the high incidence of skin cancer, access to dermatologists is limited, especially in rural areas. Primary care physicians play a pivotal role in the evaluation of skin conditions, but dermatology training gaps exist in primary care training programs. Objectives This study examines the use of the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) knowledge-sharing framework to provide dermoscopy and skin cancer detection training to primary care providers (PCPs). Methods Responses to surveys administered to participants in two separate dermoscopy-focused Project ECHO courses were analyzed. Survey responses were collected over a 4-year period for the two courses, which were delivered in Maine and Texas. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was performed, revealing codes and subcodes that indicated several overall trends. Results Overall, most respondents indicated the ECHO sessions to be helpful, reporting an increase in confidence and knowledge in dermoscopy. Other codes reflected a positive reception of the learning materials and teaching styles. Furthermore, participant survey analyses highlighted areas of improvement for future ECHO course sessions. Conclusions This thematic analysis of Project ECHO courses in dermatology with dermoscopy demonstrates the feasibility of using virtual educational platforms to effectively teach PCPs about dermoscopy and skin cancer, with high levels of participant satisfaction. The need to keeping the educational sessions brief, avoid scheduling sessions on high-volume patient care days, and provide a means for participants to obtain hands-on training in the operation of a dermatoscope were among the top lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Austin Black
- John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua R. Parbs
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Peggy Cyr
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Maine Medical Partners, Department of Family Medicine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Kelly C. Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Henry Stoddard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Elizabeth V. Seiverling
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Correspondence: Elizabeth V. Seiverling
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Thakarar K, Kohut M, Stoddard H, Burris D, Chessa F, Sikka MK, Solomon DA, Kershaw CM, Eaton E, Hutchinson R, Fairfield KM, Friedmann P, Stopka TJ. 'I feel like they're actually listening to me': a pilot study of a hospital discharge decision-making conversation guide for patients with injection drug use-associated infections. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231165108. [PMID: 37034032 PMCID: PMC10074622 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231165108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of injection drug use (IDU)-associated infections and associated hospitalizations has been increasing for nearly two decades. Due to issues ranging from ongoing substance use to peripherally inserted central catheter safety, many clinicians find discharge decision-making challenging. Typically, clinicians advise patients to remain hospitalized for several weeks for intravenous antimicrobial treatment; however, some patients may desire other antimicrobial treatment options. A structured conversation guide, delivered by infectious disease physicians, intended to inform hospital discharge decisions has the potential to enhance patient participation in decisions. We developed a conversation guide in order to: (1) investigate its feasibility and acceptability and (2) examine experiences, outcomes, and lessons learned from use of the guide. Methods We interviewed physicians after they each piloted the conversation guide with two patients. We interviewed patients immediately after the conversation and again 4-6 weeks later. Two analysts indexed transcriptions and used the framework method to identify and organize relevant information. We conducted retrospective chart review to corroborate and contextualize qualitative data. Results Eight patients and four infectious disease physicians piloted the conversation guide. All patients (N = 8) completed antimicrobial treatment. Nearly all participants believed the conversation guide was important for incorporating patient values and preferences. Patients reported an increased sense of autonomy, but felt post-discharge needs could be better addressed. Physician participants identified the guide's long length and inclusion of pain management as areas for improvement. Conclusions A novel conversation guide to inform hospital discharge decision-making for patients with IDU-associated infections was feasible, acceptable, and fostered the incorporation of patient preferences and values into decisions. While we identified areas for improvement, overall participants believed that this novel conversation guide helped to improve patient care and autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinna Thakarar
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
- Divisions of Infectious Disease and Addiction
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 41 Donald B. Dean
Drive, Suite B, South Portland, ME 04106, USA
| | - Michael Kohut
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Henry Stoddard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Deb Burris
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Frank Chessa
- Department of Medical Ethics, Tufts University
School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica K. Sikka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health
& Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel A. Solomon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen M. Kershaw
- Section of Infectious Disease and
International Health, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of
Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ellen Eaton
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of
Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Hutchinson
- Division of Palliative Care, Maine Medical
Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Tufts
University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fairfield
- Department of Medicine, Maine Medical Center,
Portland, ME, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Tufts
University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Peter Friedmann
- Office of Research, UMass Chan Medical School,
Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Stopka
- Department of Public Health and Community
Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Frank Chessa is also affiliated to Maine
Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
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7
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Thakarar K, Kohut MR, Stoddard H, Burris D, Sikka MK, Solomon DA, Kershaw C, Eaton E, Chessa F, Hutchinson R, Fairfield K, Friedmann P, Thomas J. 993. “ I feel like they’re actually listening to me”: A Pilot Study of Hospital Discharge-Decision Making for Patients with Injection Drug Use-Associated Infections. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Conversation guides have the potential to transform care for patients hospitalized with injection drug use (IDU)-associated infections. This study’s objectives were to 1) pilot a structured conversation guide for hospital discharge decision making in patients with IDU-associated infections 2) investigate the guide’s feasibility and acceptability and 3) examine patient and provider experiences, patient outcomes, and lessons learned.
Methods
We developed a conversation guide and conducted semi-structured interviews with physicians and patients at a tertiary care center in Maine. We interviewed physicians after each piloted the guide with two patients. We interviewed patients less than one week after the conversation and again after 4-6 weeks. Two analysts indexed transcriptions and used the framework method to identify and organize relevant information. We conducted retrospective chart review to corroborate and contextualize qualitative data.
Results
Eight patients and four infectious disease physicians piloted the conversation guide. All patients (N=8) completed antimicrobial treatment and 88% were discharged on medication for opioid use disorder (Table 1). All providers and most patients stated that the conversation guide was important for incorporating patient preferences and antimicrobial treatment options. Patients appreciated more autonomy and their voices being included in their care. Providers felt the guide facilitated their understanding of patient values. Values and preferences between patients and providers were aligned. Participants identified the length of the guide, discussion of pain management, and addressing post-discharge needs such as housing as areas for improvement (Table 2).
Conclusion
The use of a conversation guide to inform hospital discharge decision making for patients with IDU-associated infections incorporates patient preferences and values into treatment decisions. While we identified areas for improvement, overall patients and providers believed that this novel conversation guide helped to improve patient care and autonomy.
Disclosures
Kinna Thakarar, DO, MPH, Maine Medical Center: Board Member|NIH: Grant/Research Support|University of New England: Board Member Monica K. Sikka, MD, F2G: Site research investigator Ellen Eaton, MD, MSPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinna Thakarar
- Maine Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine , South Portland, Maine
| | | | - Henry Stoddard
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute , Portland, Maine
| | | | | | - Daniel A Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital / Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA
| | | | - Ellen Eaton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | - J Thomas
- Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Seiverling EV, Stevens K, Dorr G, Prentiss MA, Stoddard H, Houk L, Cyr P, Ahrns H. Impact of multimodal dermatoscopy training on skin biopsies by primary care providers. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:1119-1121. [PMID: 35104591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Seiverling
- Maine Medical Center Division of Dermatology, Portland, Maine; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kathryn Stevens
- Maine Medical Center Division of Dermatology, Portland, Maine
| | - Gregory Dorr
- Maine Medical Center Quality Improvement, Portland, Maine
| | | | - Henry Stoddard
- Maine Medical Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Portland, Maine
| | - Laura Houk
- Maine Medical Center Division of Dermatology, Portland, Maine
| | - Peg Cyr
- Maine Medical Center Department of Family Medicine, Portland, Maine
| | - Hadjh Ahrns
- Maine Medical Center Department of Family Medicine, Portland, Maine
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Moore N, Kohut M, Stoddard H, Burris D, Chessa F, Sikka MK, Solomon D, Kershaw CM, Eaton E, Hutchinson R, Fairfield KM, Stopka TJ, Friedmann P, Thakarar K. Health care professional perspectives on discharging hospitalized patients with injection drug use-associated infections. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2022; 9:20499361221126868. [PMID: 36225855 PMCID: PMC9549088 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221126868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with injection drug use (IDU)-associated infections traditionally
experience prolonged hospitalizations, which often result in negative
experiences and bad outcomes. Harm reduction approaches that value patient
autonomy and shared decision-making regarding outpatient treatment options
may improve outcomes. We sought to identify health care professionals (HCPs)
perspectives on the barriers to offering four different options to
hospitalized people who use drugs (PWUD): long-term hospitalization, oral
antibiotics, long-acting antibiotics at an infusion center, and outpatient
parenteral antibiotics. Methods: We recruited HCPs (n = 19) from a single tertiary care
center in Portland, Maine. We interviewed HCPs involved with discharge
decision-making and other HCPs involved in the specialized care of PWUD.
Semi-structured interviews elicited lead HCP values, preferences, and
concerns about presenting outpatient antimicrobial treatment options to
PWUD, while support HCPs provided contextual information. We used the
iterative categorization approach to code and thematically analyze
transcripts. Results: HCPs were willing to present outpatient treatment options for patients with
IDU-associated infections, yet several factors contributed to reluctance.
First, insufficient resources, such as transportation, may make these
options impractical. However, HCPs may be unaware of existing community
resources or viable treatment options. They also may believe the hospital
protects patients, and that discharging patients into the community exposes
them to structural harms. Some HCPs are concerned that patients with
substance use disorder will not make ‘good’ decisions regarding outpatient
antimicrobial options. Finally, there is uncertainty about how
responsibility for offering outpatient treatment is shared across changing
care teams. Conclusion: HCPs perceive many barriers to offering outpatient care for people with
IDU-associated infections, but with appropriate interventions to address
their concerns, may be open to considering more options. This study provides
important insights and contextual information that can help inform specific
harm reduction interventions aimed at improving care of people with
IDU-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Moore
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Michael Kohut
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Henry Stoddard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Debra Burris
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Frank Chessa
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Monica K. Sikka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel Solomon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen M. Kershaw
- Section of Infectious Disease and International
Health, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,
Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ellen Eaton
- Division of Infectious Disease, The University
of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Hutchinson
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA,Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA,Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fairfield
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA,Center for Interdisciplinary Population and
Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA,Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Thomas J. Stopka
- Department of Public Health & Community
Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Friedmann
- Office of Research, UMass Chan Medical
School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA,Frank Chessa is also affiliated to MaineHealth
Institute for Research, Portland, ME, USA; Maine Medical Center, Portland,
ME, USA
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