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Nishimoto T, Amano Y, Tozawa R, Ishikawa E, Imura Y, Yukimasa H, Sugiyama Y. Lipid-lowering properties of TAK-475, a squalene synthase inhibitor, in vivo and in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 139:911-8. [PMID: 12839864 PMCID: PMC1573926 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Squalene synthase is the enzyme that converts farnesyl pyrophosphate to squalene in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We examined the lipid-lowering properties of 1-[[(3R,5S)-1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetyl]piperidine-4-acetic acid (TAK-475), a novel squalene synthase inhibitor. 2. TAK-475 inhibited hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis in rats (ED(50), 2.9 mg kg(-1)) and showed lipid-lowering effects in beagle dogs, marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys and Wistar fatty rats. 3. In marmosets, TAK-475 (30, 100 mg kg(-1), p.o., for 4 days) lowered both plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride, but did not affect plasma HDL cholesterol. On the other hand, atorvastatin (10, 30 mg kg(-1), p.o., for 4 days) lowered the levels of all these lipids. A correlation between decrease in triglyceride and increase in HDL cholesterol was observed, and TAK-475 increased HDL cholesterol with a smaller decrease in triglyceride than did atorvastatin. 4. TAK-475 (60 mg kg(-1), p.o., for 15 days) suppressed the rate of triglyceride secretion from the liver in hypertriglyceridemic Wistar fatty rats, which show an enhanced triglyceride secretion rate from the liver compared with their lean littermates. 5. In HepG2 cells, TAK-475 and its pharmacologically active metabolite, T-91485, increased the binding of (125)I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to LDL receptors. 6. These results suggest that TAK-475 has clear hypolipidemic effects in animals via inhibition of hepatic triglyceride secretion and upregulation of LDL receptors, and that TAK-475 might increase HDL cholesterol by decreasing triglyceride. Thus, TAK-475 is expected to be useful for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nishimoto
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Amano
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tozawa
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ishikawa
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Imura
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Hidefumi Yukimasa
- Planning & Management Research Management Department, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugiyama
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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Miki T, Kori M, Mabuchi H, Tozawa RI, Nishimoto T, Sugiyama Y, Teshima K, Yukimasa H. Synthesis of novel 4,1-benzoxazepine derivatives as squalene synthase inhibitors and their inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. J Med Chem 2002; 45:4571-80. [PMID: 12238936 DOI: 10.1021/jm020234o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the carboxyl group at the 3-position and introduction of protective groups to the hydroxy group of the 4,1-benzoxazepine derivative 2 (metabolite of 1) were carried out, and the inhibitory activity for squalene synthase and cholesterol synthesis in the liver was investigated. Among these compounds, the glycine derivative 3a and beta-alanine derivative 3f exhibited the most potent inhibition of squalene synthase prepared from HepG2 cells (IC(50) = 15 nM). On the other hand, the piperidine-4-acetic acid derivative 4a, which was prepared by acetylation of 3j, was the most effective inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis in rat liver (ED(50) = 2.9 mg/kg, po). After oral administration, 4a was absorbed and rapidly hydrolyzed to deacylated 3j. Compound 3j was detected mainly in the liver, but the plasma level of 3j was found to be low. Compounds 3j and 4a were found to be competitive inhibitors with respect to farnesyl pyrophosphate. Further evaluation of 4a as a cholesterol-lowering and antiatherosclerotic agent is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., 2-17-85, Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan, and Strategic Product Planning Department, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., 4-1-1, Doshomachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-8645, Japan
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Miki T, Kori M, Mabuchi H, Banno H, Tozawa RI, Nakamura M, Itokawa S, Sugiyama Y, Yukimasa H. Novel 4,1-benzoxazepine derivatives with potent squalene synthase inhibitory activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:401-14. [PMID: 11741788 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of (3,5-trans)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for squalene synthase inhibitory and cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitory activities. Through modification of substituents of the lead compounds 1a and 1b, it was found that 4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid derivatives with isobutyl and neopentyl groups at the 1-position, the chloro atom at the 7-position, and the chloro and methoxy groups at the 2'-position on the 5-phenyl ring, had potent squalene synthase inhibitory activity. Among such compounds, the 5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl) derivative 2t exhibited potent inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in HepG2 cells. As a result of optical resolution study of 2t, the absolute stereochemistry required for inhibitory activity was determined to be 3R,5S. In vivo study showed that the sodium salt of (3R,5S)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid 20 effectively reduced plasma cholesterol in marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miki
- Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pharmaceutical Research Division, 2-17-85, Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa-ku, 532-8686, Osaka, Japan.
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Miki T, Kori M, Fujishima A, Mabuchi H, Tozawa RI, Nakamura M, Sugiyama Y, Yukimasa H. Syntheses of fused heterocyclic compounds and their inhibitory activities for squalene synthase. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:385-400. [PMID: 11741787 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A variety of fused heterocyclic compounds (2-11) were synthesized as a modification of the lead compound 1a and evaluated for their inhibition of squalene synthase. 4,1-Benzothiazepine derivative 2, 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative 6, 1,3-benzodiazepine derivative 7, 1-benzazepine derivative 9, and 4,1-benzoxazocine derivative 10 potently inhibited squalene synthase activity, whereas the 4,1-benzoxazepine derivatives 1 was the most potent inhibitor. 4,1-Benzothiazepine S-oxide derivative 4, 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative 5, 1,3,4-benzotriazepine derivative 8, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivative 11 were found to be weakly active. Comparison of the X-ray structures of these compounds (1a, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 10) suggests that orientation of the 5- (or 6)-phenyl group is important for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miki
- Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Pharmaceutical Research Division, 2-17-85, Juso-Honmachi, Osaka 532-8686, Yodogawa-ku, Japan.
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Miki T, Kori M, Tozawa RI, Nakamura M, Sugiyama Y, Yukimasa H. Syntheses of (4,1-benzoxazepine-3-ylidene)acetic acid derivatives and their inhibition of squalene synthase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:53-8. [PMID: 11824585 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The (3,5-trans)-7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid derivatives 1 have been previously identified as potent squalene synthase inhibitors. A series of (4,1-benzoxazepin-3-ylidene)acetic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of rat and human squalene synthase, and the (E)-isomers were found to exhibit potent inhibitory activity, with the same potency as 4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid derivatives. In contrast the (Z)-isomers did not exhibit significant inhibitory activity, and the active conformation of the 4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid derivatives was deduced from the folded conformation of the (E)-isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miki
- Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Pharmaceutical Research Division, Osaka, Japan.
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Tarui N, Nakahama K, Nagano Y, Izawa M, Matsumoto K, Kori M, Nagata T, Miki T, Yukimasa H. Microbial enantioselective ester hydrolysis for the preparation of optically active 4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid derivatives as squalene synthase inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:59-65. [PMID: 11824586 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial enantioselective ester hydrolysis for the preparation of optically active (3R,5S)-(-)-5-phenyl-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid derivatives as potent squalene synthase inhibitors was investigated. Pseudomonas diminuta and Pseudomonas taetrolens hydrolyzed the racemic ethyl ester of the 5-(2-chlorophenyl) analogue to yield the (-)-carboxylic acid with excellent enantiomeric excess (>99% ee). We found that the (-)-enantiomer was an active inhibitor. Bulkiness of the ester moiety did not affect the enantioselectivity but did affect reactivity. The racemic ethyl ester of the 5-(2-methoxyphenyl) analogue, 5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl) analogue and 5-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl) analogue were also hydrolyzed with Pseudomonas taetrolens to afford enantiomerically pure (-)-carboxylic acids in large scale. As another route to (3R,5S)-(-)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-neopentyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepine-3-acetic acid [(-)-1c], the earlier intermediate (-)-2-amino-5-chloro-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)benzyl alcohol [(-)-12] was successfully obtained by asymmetric hydrolysis of (+/-)-5-chloro-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-pivaloylaminobenzyl acetate with Pseudomonas sp. S-13 with >99% ee in kilogram scale followed by alkaline treatment. The product (-)-12 was converted to (-)-1c without racemization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tarui
- Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Pharmaceutical Research Division, Osaka, Japan
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Ishihara Y, Yukimasa H, Miyamoto M, Goto G. Central cholinergic agents. III. Synthesis of 2-alkoxy-2,8- diazaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-diones as muscarinic agonists. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992; 40:1177-85. [PMID: 1394631 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.40.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-alkoxy-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-diones and related compounds were synthesized and tested for muscarinic receptor binding affinity using [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]oxotremorine M as ligands. They were also evaluated for agonistic activities in the guinea pig ileum assay. 2-Methoxy- 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-dione (1i) was found to be a relatively M1 selective agonist. It reversed CO2-induced impairment of passive avoidance response with long duration of action, but also displayed peripheral effects at low doses. To minimize these side effects, we proposed the idea of conjugation of 1i with a muscarinic antagonist. The carbamate linked conjugate (1u) of 1i with methylatropine was therefore examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishihara
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Fukuda T, Yukimasa H, Fujino M, Azuma I, Yamamura Y. Synthesis, and the Adjuvant and Tumor-Suppressive Activities of Quinonyl Muramyl Dipeptides. BCSJ 1984. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.57.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fukuda T, Kobayashi S, Yukimasa H, Terao S, Fujino M, Shiba T, Saiki I, Azuma I, Yamamura Y. Muramyl Dipeptide Derivatives with Multiprenylacetyl Group. Synthesis and Immunological Activities. BCSJ 1981. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.54.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fukuda T, Kobayashi S, Yukimasa H, Imada I, Fujino M, Azuma I, Yamamura Y. Synthesis of immunologically active muramyl dipeptide derivatives containing a quinonyl moiety via aminoacyl intermediates. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1981; 29:2215-21. [PMID: 7318034 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.29.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Saiki I, Tanio Y, Yamawaki M, Uemiya M, Kobayashi S, Fukuda T, Yukimasa H, Yamamura Y, Azuma I. Adjuvant activities of quinonyl-N-acetyl muramyl dipeptides in mice and guinea pigs. Infect Immun 1981; 31:114-21. [PMID: 6971259 PMCID: PMC351759 DOI: 10.1128/iai.31.1.114-121.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The adjuvant and tumor-suppressive activities of the quinonyl [2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(9'-carboxynonyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (QS-10)] derivatives of N-acetyl muramyl dipeptides were examined. N-Acetyl muramyl-L-valyl-D-isoglutamine (MurNac-L-Val-D-isoGln), QS-10-MurNAc-L-Val-D-isoGln, and their methyl esters were shown to have potent adjuvant activity on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to monoazobenzenarsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine in guinea pigs and on the primary immune response against sheep erythrocytes in vitro; however, only QS-10-MurNAc-L-Val-D-isoGln methyl ester, i.e., QS-10-MurNAc-L-Val-D-Glu(OCH3)NH2 (quinonyl-MDP-66), was shown to be an active adjuvant for the induction of allogeneic killer T cells in mice and the suppression of tumor growth in syngeneic mice when it was administered as a suspension in phosphate-buffered saline. The effectiveness of the chain length of the quinonyl moiety in quinonyl-MDP-66 and the replacement of the L-valine residue with L-serine or L-threonine were also examined in comparison with the adjuvant and tumor-suppressive activities of quinonyl-MDP-66.
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Kobayashi S, Fukuda T, Yukimasa H, Imada I, Fujino M, Azuma I, Yamamura Y. Synthesis of Lipophilic Muramyl Dipeptide DerivativesviaO-Aminoacyl Intermediates. BCSJ 1980. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.53.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kobayashi S, Fukuda T, Yukimasa H, Fujino M, Azuma I, Yamamura Y. Synthesis of Muramyl Dipeptide Analogs with Enhanced Adjuvant Activity. BCSJ 1980. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.53.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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