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Ono M, Kawasaki T, Koie H, Kondo H, Shibuya H, Hayashi T, Horikita T. Aortic valve insufficiency caused by a hypoplastic aortic valve in a calf. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1010-1014. [PMID: 37532587 PMCID: PMC10539828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1-month-old crossbred calf was referred for examination due to marked systolic heart murmurs and poor growth. The heart murmur was most audible on the right side of the cranial thorax. Cardiomegaly was evident on chest radiography, and echocardiography demonstrated aortic regurgitation and decreased fractional shortening. Cardiomegaly, aortic root dilation and cardiac displacement were confirmed by computed tomography. At necropsy, the heart was enlarged, and all three aortic valve leaflets were irregularly shaped. In calves with chronic aortic insufficiency, remodeling displacement of the heart and aorta causes changes in the location and timing of heart murmurs. Therefore, aortic insufficiency cannot be ruled out when a systolic heart murmur can be observed in the right chest wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Ono
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teppei Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shibuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- North Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Horikita
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Munesue Y, Ageyama N, Kimura N, Takahashi I, Nakayama S, Okabayashi S, Katakai Y, Koie H, Yagami KI, Ishii K, Tamaoka A, Yasutomi Y, Shimozawa N. Cynomolgus macaque model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 disease. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114381. [PMID: 36918063 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are autosomal-recessive fatal neurodegenerative diseases that occur in children and young adults, with symptoms including ataxia, seizures and visual impairment. We report the discovery of cynomolgus macaques carrying the CLN2/TPP1 variant and our analysis of whether the macaques could be a new non-human primate model for NCL type 2 (CLN2) disease. Three cynomolgus macaques presented progressive neuronal clinical symptoms such as limb tremors and gait disturbance after about 2 years of age. Morphological analyses using brain MRI at the endpoint of approximately 3 years of age revealed marked cerebellar and cerebral atrophy of the gray matter, with sulcus dilation, gyrus thinning, and ventricular enlargement. Histopathological analyses of three affected macaques revealed severe neuronal loss and degeneration in the cerebellar and cerebral cortices, accompanied by glial activation and/or changes in axonal morphology. Neurons observed throughout the central nervous system contained autofluorescent cytoplasmic pigments, which were identified as ceroid-lipofuscin based on staining properties, and the cerebral cortex examined by transmission electron microscopy had curvilinear profiles, the typical ultrastructural pattern of CLN2. These findings are commonly observed in all forms of NCL. DNA sequencing analysis identified a homozygous single-base deletion (c.42delC) of the CLN2/TPP1 gene, resulting in a frameshifted premature stop codon. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that tissue from the affected macaques lacked a detectable signal against TPP1, the product of the CLN2/TPP1 gene. Analysis for transmission of the CLN2/TPP1 mutated gene revealed that 47 (49.5%) and 48 (50.5%) of the 95 individuals genotyped in the CLN2-affected macaque family were heterozygous carriers and homozygous wild-type individuals, respectively. Thus, we identified cynomolgus macaques as a non-human primate model of CLN2 disease. The CLN2 macaques reported here could become a useful resource for research and the development of drugs and methods for treating CLN2 disease, which involves severe symptoms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Munesue
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan; Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Sachi Okabayashi
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yagami
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.
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Kinoshita R, Ebisawa K, Okabayashi K, Narita T, Nakayama S, Koie H. Aquatic environments change the cardiac morphology of dolphins. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:334-339. [PMID: 36725029 PMCID: PMC10076204 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on dolphin electrocardiograms have shown that they are mainly composed of increased negative waves, similar to ungulates. The electrocardiogram waveform was determined by the distribution of the Purkinje fibers. Based on the waveform of the dolphin electrocardiogram, Hamlin predicted that the Purkinje fibers would be distributed within the ventricular muscle, as in ungulates. The purpose of this study was to confirm the histological distribution of Purkinje fibers in dolphins. In the present study, bottlenose dolphin hearts were observed both grossly and histologically, and the effects of Purkinje fiber distribution and cardiac morphology on electrocardiogram waveforms were examined. This study showed that the Purkinje fibers of dolphins run just below the endocardium, as in humans, dogs, and cats, whose electrocardiograms mainly show positive waves. When the cardiac morphology of dolphins was observed carefully, the right ventricle was found to be extremely dilated compared to that of terrestrial mammals. In human recreational divers, right ventricular dilatation is induced by diving. We hypothesized that the dolphin's heart is in a state similar to that of the right heart dilatation in terrestrial animals. The dolphin electrocardiogram waveform was considered to be due to right axis deviation. Based on the above, we concluded that the dolphin electrocardiogram waveform was due to its ability to live in water. We found that the dolphins are genetically related to ungulates, particularly the hippopotamus, but that their hearts have evolved differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ebisawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Okabayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Narita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular biology, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Sawada Y, Kaneko A, Morimoto M, Suzuki J, Pai C, Nakayama S, Ageyama N, Koie H, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T. The effect of different body positions on the cardiothoracic ratios obtained by chest radiography in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) AND RHESUS MACAQUES (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2022; 51:345-354. [PMID: 35808827 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some studies have reported cardiac diseases in macaques, an adequate screening method for cardiac enlargement has not yet been established. This study aimed to evaluate the positioning of macaques for radiographs and establish reference intervals for the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a device for chest radiography in the sitting position and performed chest radiography in 50 Japanese and 48 rhesus macaques to evaluate the CTR and chest cavity size. RESULTS In Japanese and rhesus macaques, the thorax height was significantly larger, the heart width was significantly smaller, and the mean CTR was significantly smaller in the sitting position than in the prone position. The reference intervals for CTR in the sitting position were 51.6 ± 4.6% and 52.2 ± 5.1% in Japanese and rhesus macaques, respectively. CONCLUSION Thoracic radiographic images obtained in a sitting position resulted in a smaller CTR and a larger thorax height, which could be useful for detecting pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sawada
- Center of Human Evolution Modelling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Azabu University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Center of Human Evolution Modelling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior (EHUB), Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Morimoto
- Center of Human Evolution Modelling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior (EHUB), Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Juri Suzuki
- Center of Human Evolution Modelling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Chungyu Pai
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Center of Human Evolution Modelling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior (EHUB), Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
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5
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Okabayashi K, Kanai S, Katakura F, Takeuchi R, Yamauchi T, Nakayama S, Kinoshita R, Koie H, Narita T. Activation of canine neutrophils by platelet-activating factor. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 241:110336. [PMID: 34649042 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential for innate immunity as the first line of defence. Neutrophils act as phagocytic white blood cells to kill bacteria and other microorganisms. A strong respiratory burst of neutrophils, dependent on reactive oxygen species, is produced during phagocytosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a signalling molecule with several prominent roles in tissue injury, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. However, the detailed mechanisms and intracellular signalling pathways involved in PAF-mediated neutrophil activation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of PAF on changes in calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and oxygen radical (O2-) generation in activating canine neutrophils. We further evaluated these effects of PAF with inhibition of G protein-coupled receptors using the specific inhibitor suramin. Blood samples were collected from a total of five dogs and neutrophils were isolated. PAF stimulation of canine neutrophils caused an increase in [Ca2+]i as well as the generation of O2-, and the PAF receptor was sensitive to suramin. The results suggested that PAF stimulation of canine neutrophils may cause Ca2+ influx from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm (as the first wave) and then trigger store-operated Ca2+ entry (as the second wave), which is an important intracellular signal transduction pathway for neutrophil activation. Furthermore, O2- generation by PAF stimulation may depend on the intracellular signalling pathway, with increasing inositol trisphosphate levels and [Ca2+]i via G protein-coupled receptors. The finding that PAF-activating platelet aggregation is involved in canine neutrophil activation suggests a close relationship between haemostasis and neutrophil activation in dogs, offering new insight into the response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katakura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Riku Takeuchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamauchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takanori Narita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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6
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Ebisawa K, Nakayama S, Pai C, Kinoshita R, Koie H. Prevalence and risk factors for feather-damaging behavior in psittacine birds: Analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254610. [PMID: 34260621 PMCID: PMC8279392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A case control study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feather-damaging behavior and evaluate the correlation with risk factors among pet psittacine birds in Japan. Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors. In total, 2,331 valid responses were obtained. The prevalence of feather-damaging behavior was 11.7%, in general agreement with prior studies. The highest prevalence was among Cockatoos (Cacatua spp., etc.; 30.6%), followed by Lovebirds (Agapornis spp.; 24.5%) and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus; 23.7%). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for potential risk factors and adjust the confounding of the variables. The odds of feather-damaging behavior were significantly higher for Conures (Aratinga spp., Pyrrhura spp., Thectocercus acuticaudatus, Cyanoliseus patagonus) (ORadj = 2.55, P = 0.005), Pacific parrotlets (Forpus coelestis) (ORadj = 3.96, P < 0.001), African grey parrots (ORadj = 6.74, P < 0.001), Lovebirds (ORadj = 6.79, P < 0.001) and Cockatoos (ORadj = 9.46, P < 0.001) than Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), and for young adults (ORadj = 1.81, P = 0.038) and adults (ORadj = 3.17, P < 0.001) than young birds, and for signs of separation anxiety (ORadj = 1.81, P < 0.001). Species, bird age and signs of separation anxiety were significantly higher risk factors for feather-damaging behavior than any other potential risk factors. Our findings, which include broad species diversity, are a good source of data for predicting risk factors for feather-damaging behavior and could be useful in preventing declines in welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Ebisawa
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Yokohama Bird Clinic, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chungyu Pai
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Pai C, Nakayama S, Ito-Fujishiro Y, Kanayama K, Munesue Y, Sankai T, Yasutomi Y, Koie H, Ageyama N. Usefulness of cardiac hormones for evaluating valvular disease in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:716-723. [PMID: 33692223 PMCID: PMC8111363 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are commonly used as experimental animals due to their biological
resemblance to humans. In patients with cardiac disease, the levels of atrial natriuretic
peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) tend to increase in response to cardiac
damage, and they are thus used as indicators for the diagnosis of human heart failure.
However, no reference values for ANP and BNP have been reported for heart disease in
nonhuman primates. In this study, we recorded the age, sex, and body weight of 202
cynomolgus monkeys, and performed evaluations to assess the ANP and BNP levels,
electrocardiography and echocardiography, and accordingly divided the monkeys into two
groups: healthy monkeys and those with spontaneous cardiac disease. Statistical analysis
was performed to determine the relationship of ANP and BNP with the factors of age, sex,
and body weight. No significant relationship was found between the levels of ANP and BNP
and the factors of age, sex, and body weight. However, both the ANP and BNP levels were
significantly different between the healthy monkeys and monkeys with valvular disease.
Similar to humans, the ANP and BNP levels tended to increase with the progression of
cardiac disease in monkeys. Based on these results, we concluded that ANP and BNP are
indicators of cardiac disease in nonhuman primates, and that this nonhuman primate cardiac
disease model is applicable for cardiology research in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungyu Pai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ito-Fujishiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Munesue
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
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8
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Shimozawa N, Ageyama N, Nakayama S, Koie H, Yasutomi Y. Ultrasound-guided, Transabdominal, Intrauterine Artificial Insemination for Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis) Based on Estimated Timing of Ovulation. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2021; 60:125-132. [PMID: 33568255 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine sperm injection for artificial insemination is difficult in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) due to the complex structure of the cervical canal, which differs from that of humans. Despite the availability of several artificial insemination methods for macaques, pregnancy rates are inconsistent, and details regarding ovulation are unclear, thus warranting more effective methods. Therefore, we developed an effective, ultrasound-guided, transabdominal intrauterine artificial insemination method for cynomolgus macaques that involves timing sperm injection to coincide with the periovulation phase estimated according to rapid hormone measurement. We performed our intrauterine artificial insemination on 6 female macaques; 4 of the 5 animals that were predicted to have ovulated soon after insemination became pregnant, whereas the 1 macaque that was predicted not to have ovulated did not. Furthermore, we saw no evidence of injury, such as a conspicuous needle hole or bleeding on the surface of or inside the uterus, nor did our method result in any abnormalities in the mothers or their offspring. Thus, our ultrasound-guided, transabdominal, intrauterine artificial insemination method is rapid, safe, and effective in cynomolgus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan;,
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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9
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Nakayama S, Koie H, Pai C, Ito-Fujishiro Y, Kanayama K, Sankai T, Yasutomi Y, Ageyama N. Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function in cynomolgus monkeys over a wide age range. Exp Anim 2020; 69:336-344. [PMID: 32173671 PMCID: PMC7445060 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cardiovascular diseases can be detected and diagnosed using echocardiography. The
demand for cardiovascular system research using nonhuman primates is increasing, but
echocardiographic references for nonhuman primates are limited. This report describes the
first comparison of echocardiographic reference values in 247 normal cynomolgus monkeys
(135 females, 112 males) over a wide age range. Echocardiography, electrocardiography,
blood pressure and chest X-ray images were acquired under immobilization with
intramuscular ketamine hydrochloride, then cardiac structure, function, and flow velocity
were assessed. Cardiac hormone levels were also tested. We found that cardiac structures
positively correlated with weight, that the size of these structures stabilized after
reaching maturity and that cardiac output increased according to heart size. In contrast,
fractional shortening of the left ventricle, ejection fraction and flow velocity showed no
significant correlations with weight or age, and age and E wave correlated negatively.
These findings appear sufficiently similar to those in humans to suggest that cynomolgus
monkeys can serve as a suitable model of human cardiac disease. Our data should also prove
useful for surveying cardiac dysfunction in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Chungyu Pai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ito-Fujishiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.,Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
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10
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Nakayama S, Koie H, Kato-Tateishi M, Pai C, Ito-Fujishiro Y, Kanayama K, Sankai T, Yasutomi Y, Ageyama N. Establishment of a new formula for QT interval correction using a large colony of cynomolgus monkeys. Exp Anim 2019; 69:18-25. [PMID: 31308302 PMCID: PMC7004807 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for monkeys for medical research is increasing, because their ionic mechanism
of repolarization is similar to that of humans. The QT interval is the distance between
the Q wave and T wave, but this interval is affected by heart rate. Therefore, QT
correction methods are commonly used in clinical settings. However, an accurate correction
formula for the QT interval in cynomolgus monkeys has not been reported. We assessed
snapshot electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 353 ketamine-immobilized monkeys, including aged
animals, and contrived a new formula for the corrected QT interval (QTc) as a marker of QT
interval prolongation in cynomolgus monkeys. Values for QTc were calculated using the
formula [QTc] = [QT] / [RR]n, along with several other formulas commonly used
to calculate QTc. We found that the optimal exponent of the QT interval corrected for
heart rate, n, was 0.576. The mean value of QTc in healthy monkeys determined using the
new formula was 373 ± 31 mm, and there were no significant differences between the sexes.
Other ECG parameters were not significantly different between the sexes and there were no
age-related effects on QTc. Prolongation of QTc to over 405 ms, as calculated by the new
formula, was observed in 50 monkeys with underlying diseases. Additionally, all monkeys
with QTc above 440 ms by the new formula had some underlying disease. The results resemble
those in humans, suggesting that the new QTc formula could be useful for diagnosis of QT
interval prolongation in cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Miyoko Kato-Tateishi
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1-16-2 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Chungyu Pai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ito-Fujishiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology/Pathophysiology, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.,Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
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11
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Nakayama S, Koie H, Kanayama K, Katakai Y, Ito-Fujishiro Y, Sankai T, Yasutomi Y, Ageyama N. Utility of arterial blood gas, CBC, biochemistry and cardiac hormones as evaluation parameters of cardiovascular disease in nonhuman primates. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1165-1173. [PMID: 29887581 PMCID: PMC6068307 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a tremendous impact on the quality of life of humans. While experimental animals are valuable to medical research as models of human diseases, cardiac systems differ widely across various animal species. Thus, we examined a CVD model in cynomolgus monkeys. Laboratory primates are precious resources, making it imperative that symptoms of diseases and disorders are detected as early as possible. Thus, in this study we comprehensively examined important indicators of CVD in cynomolgus monkeys, including arterial blood gas, complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry and cardiac hormones. The control group included 20 healthy macaques showing non-abnormal findings in screening tests, whereas the CVD group included 20 macaques with valvular disease and cardiomyopathy. An increase of red blood cell distribution width was observed in the CBC, indicating chronic inflammation related to CVD. An increase of HCO3 was attributed to the correction of acidosis. Furthermore, development of the CVD model was supported by significant increases in natriuretic peptides. It is suggested that these results indicated a correlation between human CVD and the model in monkeys. Moreover, blood tests including arterial blood gas are non-invasive and can be performed more easily than other technical tests. CVD affected animals easily change their condition by anesthesia and surgical invasion. Pay attention to arterial blood gas and proper respond to their condition are important for research. This data may facilitate human research and aid in the management and veterinary care of nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Nakayama
- Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ito-Fujishiro
- Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.,Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
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12
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Fujishiro YI, Koie H, Nakayama S, Shibata H, Okabayashi S, Katakai Y, Kanayama K, Yasutomi Y, Ageyama N. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spontaneous Hepatic Neoplasia in a Cynomolgus Macaque ( Macaca fascicularis). Comp Med 2018; 68:233-238. [PMID: 29843863 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-17-000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the number of reports describing tumors in aged NHP has increased, spontaneous neoplasias in NHP are extremely rare, with the notable exception of prosimians, in which spontaneous hepatic neoplasms arise. In addition to radiography and ultrasonography, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MRI tends to be applied in human practice to non-invasively locate, identify, and size liver tumors and to define the border between neoplastic and normal tissues. Here we report a 13-y-old female cynomolgus monkey with anorexia and serologically normal liver enzymes. After fluid therapy, the condition remained in remission for several months. Later, however, a palpable mass was assessed by using ultrasonography, radiology, and SPIO-MRI; T2-weighted images revealed a clear border between a hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver tissue. Findings at necropsy supported the imaging data. Serologic assessment after euthanasia revealed a positive reaction to an abnormal form of prothrombin (PIVKA-II). We recommend SPIO-MRI as a practical and useful for diagnosing hepatocellular neoplasias in NHP. This study is the first to demonstrate the applicability of SPIO-MRI for the identification of hepatocellular carcinoma in NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Ito Fujishiro
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan; College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan; College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachi Okabayashi
- Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan.
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13
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Nakayama S, Koie H, Kanayama K, Katakai Y, Ito-Fujishiro Y, Sankai T, Yasutomi Y, Ageyama N. Establishment of reference values for complete blood count and blood gases in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:881-888. [PMID: 28381665 PMCID: PMC5447977 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus monkeys are closely related to humans phylogenetically, and this has resulted in their widespread use as a preclinical model. Hematological data with regard to these monkeys are thus important. Although reference
values for blood components and sex hormones have been established for cynomolgus monkeys, those for arterial blood gases have not. The arterial blood gases quickly reflect respiratory and circulatory dynamics, and are thus useful
for animal management and safe general anesthesia and surgical operations. Furthermore, since O2 is transported by RBC, CBC and blood gases are closely related. The present study aimed to establish reference values for
arterial blood gases and CBC in cynomolgus monkeys over a wide age range. Blood gases and CBC of arterial blood, collected from 41 female and 21 male anesthetized monkeys, were measured. Age correlated with RBC, HGB and HCT in the
CBC. Values differed significantly between males and females in pCO2, CO2 concentration, MCV and MCH. The pH of blood was equivalent to that of humans and pCO2 was more stable, whereas MCV and MCH
were lower than those in humans. Erythrocytes were smaller and less pigmented than in other Macaca species. Several relationships between gender and age, and blood gases and CBC were identified in cynomolgus
monkeys. In conclusion, these reference values will be useful as markers for veterinary applications and in the care and maintenance of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Nakayama
- Nihon University, Collage of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Nihon University, Collage of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- Nihon University, Collage of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ito-Fujishiro
- Nihon University, Collage of Bioresource Science, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan.,Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
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14
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Miyake T, Kumamoto M, Iwata M, Sato R, Okabe M, Koie H, Kumai N, Fujii K, Matsuzaki K, Nakamura C, Yamauchi S, Yoshida K, Yoshimura K, Komoda A, Uyeno T, Abe Y. The pectoral fin muscles of the coelacanthLatimeria chalumnae: Functional and evolutionary implications for the fin-to-limb transition and subsequent evolution of tetrapods. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1203-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Miyake
- The Graduate School of Science and Technology; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Anatomy; The Jikei University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | - Ryuichi Sato
- Institute of Biomechanical Control Systems; Kanazawa Institute of Technology; Hakusan Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy; The Jikei University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Nihon University; Fujisawa Japan
| | - Nori Kumai
- Research Center of Computational Mechanics (RCCM), Inc; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichi Fujii
- Aquamarine Fukushima; Marine Science Museum; Iwaki Japan
| | - Koji Matsuzaki
- Aquamarine Fukushima; Marine Science Museum; Iwaki Japan
| | - Chiho Nakamura
- Aquamarine Fukushima; Marine Science Museum; Iwaki Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Aquamarine Fukushima; Marine Science Museum; Iwaki Japan
| | | | - Akira Komoda
- Aquamarine Fukushima; Marine Science Museum; Iwaki Japan
| | - Teruya Uyeno
- National Museum of Nature and Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Abe
- Aquamarine Fukushima; Marine Science Museum; Iwaki Japan
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15
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Abstract
A 6-year-old male cross-breed rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) was presented with lameness and severe swelling from the right shoulder to brachium. On 16-detector helical computed tomography images of the amputated right forelimb after being fixed in formalin, evident proliferative and destructive lesions of bone were observed. On histologic examination, the tumor was composed of proliferating neoplastic cells that resembled histiocytes, with abundant osteoid production. A large number of multinucleated giant cells were found throughout. This case was diagnosed as osteosarcoma by clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings. This is a rare case report of osteosarcoma in a rabbit consistent with canine predilection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Ito-Fujishiro Y, Koie H, Shibata H, Okabayashi S, Katakai Y, Ohno C, Kanayama K, Yasutomi Y, Ageyama N. Tracking cells implanted into cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using MRI. Exp Anim 2016; 65:311-8. [PMID: 27062993 PMCID: PMC4976245 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapy with stem cell transplantation is used to treat various diseases
such as coronary syndrome and Buerger’s disease. For instance, stem-cell transplantation
into the infarcted myocardium is an innovative and promising strategy for treating heart
failure due to ischemic heart disease. Basic studies using small animals have shown that
transplanted cells improve blood flow in the infarcted region. Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) can noninvasively identify and track transplanted cells labeled with
superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). Although clinical regenerative therapies have been
clinically applied to patients, the fate of implanted cells remains unknown. In addition,
follow-up studies have shown that some adverse events can occur after recovery. Therefore,
the present study evaluated the ability of MRI using a 3T scanner to track implanted
peripheral blood mononuclear cells labeled with SPIO on days 0 and 7 after intramuscular
(i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection into a cynomolgus monkey. Labeled cells were
visualized at the liver and triceps surae muscle on MR images using T1- and T2-weighted
sequences and histologically localized by Prussian blue staining. The transplanted cells
were tracked without abnormal clinical manifestations throughout this study. Hence, MRI of
cynomolgus monkey transplanted SPIO-labeled cells is a safe and efficient method of
tracking labeled cells that could help to determine the mechanisms involved in
regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Ito-Fujishiro
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Hachimandai 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
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17
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Zhang Z, Hou R, Lan J, Wang H, Kurokawa H, Takatsu Z, Kobayashi T, Koie H, Kamata H, Kanayama K, Watanabe T. Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the preparation of substitutes. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:747-54. [PMID: 26781707 PMCID: PMC4905826 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first milk substitute for giant panda cubs was developed in 1988 based on limited
data about giant panda breast milk and that of certain types of bear. Mixtures of other
formulas have also been fed to cubs at some facilities. However, they are not of
sufficient nutritional quality for promoting growth in panda cubs. Here, we report
analysis of giant panda breast milk and propose new milk substitutes for cubs, which were
developed based on the results of our analysis. The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda
Breeding obtained breast milk samples from three giant pandas. Up to 30
ml of breast milk were collected from each mother by hand. Then, the
milk samples were frozen and sent to Nihon University. The levels of protein, fat,
carbohydrates, ash, moisture, vitamins, minerals, total amino acids, fatty acids, lactose
and other carbohydrates in the milk were analyzed. The breast milk samples exhibited the
following nutritional values: protein: 6.6–8.5%, fat: 6.9–16.4%, carbohydrates: 2.5–9.1%,
ash: 0.9–1.0% and moisture: 67–83%. We designed two kinds of milk substitutes based on the
data obtained and the nutritional requirements of dogs, cats and rodents. The nutritional
composition of the milk substitutes for the first and second stages was as follows:
protein: 38 and 26%, fat: 40 and 40%, carbohydrates: 13 and 25%, ash: 6 and 6% and
moisture: 3 and 3%, respectively. In addition, the substitutes contained vitamins,
minerals, taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, lactoferrin, nucleotides and other nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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18
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Kobayashi T, Koie H, Watanabe A, Ino A, Watabe K, Kim M, Kanayama K, Otsuji K. Effects of food enriched with egg yolk hydrolysate (bone peptide) on bone metabolism in orchidectomized dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:503-6. [PMID: 25649521 PMCID: PMC4427756 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of chicken egg hydrolysate (also known as “bone peptide” or BP)
on bone metabolism in 5- to 8-month-old orchidectomized dogs. The bone formation marker
serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and the bone resorption marker urine
deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were used as indicators to measure changes in bone metabolism. The
following results were observed that Serum BAP was higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food
throughout the clinical investigation. Serum BAP was statistically significantly higher in
dogs fed BP-enriched food than in dogs fed non-BP-enriched food at 2 months after
orchidectomy. This suggests that BP promoted bone formation immediately after
orchidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyokazu Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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19
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Kobayashi T, Koie H, Kusumi A, Kitagawa M, Kanayama K, Otsuji K. Comparative investigation of body composition in male dogs using CT and body fat analysis software. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:439-46. [PMID: 24212506 PMCID: PMC4013373 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In small animal veterinary practices, body condition score (BCS) is generally
used to diagnose obesity. However, BCS does not constitute objective data. In this study,
we investigated the value of using human body fat analysis software for male dogs. We also
compared changes in body fat after neutering. Changes in body fat at the time of neutering
(age 1 year) and 1 year later were compared by performing CT scanning and using human body
fat analysis software. We found that body fat increased in all the individuals tested. In
terms of the site of fat accumulation, subcutaneous fat was more pronounced than visceral
fat with a marked increase on the dorsal side of the abdomen rather than the thorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyokazu Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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20
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Endo H, Hashimoto O, Taru H, Sugimura K, Fujiwara SI, Itou T, Koie H, Kitagawa M, Sakai T. Comparative Morphological Examinations of the Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae and Related Spinal Nerves in the Two-Toed Sloth. Mammal Study 2013. [DOI: 10.3106/041.038.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Yamaoka A, Koie H, Sato T, Kanayama K, Taira M. Standard electrocardiographic data of young Japanese monkeys (Macaca fusucata). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2013; 52:491-494. [PMID: 23849449 PMCID: PMC3725936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrocardiogram of nonhuman primates is similar to that of humans because of similar intrathoracic heart position and structure. Despite the frequent use of nonhuman primates in biologic studies, few electrocardiographic studies of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fusucata) have been reported, and no reference data are available for this species. We obtained limb-lead electrocardiograms from indoor-bred and housed ketamine-sedated Japanese macaques (48 male; 56 female; mean age, 44.3 mo; mean body weight, 4.84 kg) in the dorsal recumbency. The following quantitative data was obtained: heart rate, P wave amplitude and width, R wave amplitude, QRS duration, PR interval, QT interval, T wave height, and mean electrical axis. Corrected QT intervals were calculated by using the Bazett and Fridericia formulae. Measurements were evaluated according to sex and age. The duration of the QRS complex showed moderate correlation with age in male monkeys. All parameters, except heart rate, were similar to previous reports from Japanese, cynomolgus, and other macaques. P waves, R waves and mean electrical axis did not differ significantly between humans and Japanese macaques, but the wave amplitude in macaques was half that in humans. Our electrocardiographic measurements can serve as normal reference data for sedated, young Japanese monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arao Yamaoka
- Yamaoka Veterinary Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Sato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Taira
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Mizukami K, Kawamichi T, Koie H, Tamura S, Matsunaga S, Imamoto S, Saito M, Hasegawa D, Matsuki N, Tamahara S, Sato S, Yabuki A, Chang HS, Yamato O. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Border Collie dogs in Japan: clinical and molecular epidemiological study (2000-2011). ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:383174. [PMID: 22919312 PMCID: PMC3417203 DOI: 10.1100/2012/383174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is an inherited, neurodegenerative lysosomal disease that causes premature death. The present study describes the clinical and molecular epidemiologic findings of NCL in Border Collies in Japan for 12 years, between 2000 and 2011. The number of affected dogs was surveyed, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. In 4 kennels with affected dogs, the dogs were genotyped. The genetic relationships of all affected dogs and carriers identified were analyzed. The survey revealed 27 affected dogs, but there was a decreasing trend at the end of the study period. The clinical characteristics of these affected dogs were updated in detail. The genotyping survey demonstrated a high mutant allele frequency in examined kennels (34.8%). The pedigree analysis demonstrated that all affected dogs and carriers in Japan are related to some presumptive carriers imported from Oceania and having a common ancestor. The current high prevalence in Japan might be due to an overuse of these carriers by breeders without any knowledge of the disease. For NCL control and prevention, it is necessary to examine all breeding dogs, especially in kennels with a high prevalence. Such endeavors will reduce NCL prevalence and may already be contributing to the recent decreasing trend in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Mizukami
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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23
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Endo H, Mori K, Koyabu D, Kawada S, Komiya T, Itou T, Koie H, Kitagawa M, Sakai T. Functional morphology of the aardvark tail. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 42:90-8. [PMID: 22713114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2012.01169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system of the aardvark (Orycteropus afer) tail was morphologically examined in two adult specimens. The tail musculature comprised three muscular groups, viz. a dorsal sacrocaudal system that consisted of the irregularly oriented Musculus sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis and M. sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis, a lateral inter-vertebral connecting system, and a ventral sacrocaudal system characterized by the thick M. sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis and M. sacrocaudalis ventralis medialis. Both the dorsal and ventral systems possessed large tendon groups that strengthened the tail structure. Computed tomography (CT) examination showed the presence of large but homogeneous cartilaginous inter-vertebral discs, whereas V-shaped bones were situated at the ventral aspect of the caudal vertebrae at the level of the inter-vertebral discs. CT visualization of the tendons and V-shaped bones in various tail positions suggested that these structures contribute to the tunnel digging action by bearing the trunk weight and lending force when the aardvark are displacing the soil by means of the forelimbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Endo H, Akishinonomiya F, Yonezawa T, Hasegawa M, Rakotondraparany F, Sasaki M, Taru H, Yoshida A, Yamasaki T, Itou T, Koie H, Sakai T. Coxa Morphologically Adapted to Large Egg in Aepyornithid Species Compared with Various Palaeognaths. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 41:31-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Yamaoka A, Koie H, Iwaki S, Sato T, Kanayama K, Taira M, Sakai T. Gastric hypomotility in chronic upper gastrointestinal disease of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Exp Anim 2011; 60:177-80. [PMID: 21512273 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese macaques bred indoor for laboratory use often show chronic anorexia and intermittent vomiting. In some of our macaques gastric air was observed on physical examination, and we suspected abnormality of gastric motility. We therefore performed contrast radiographic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract without anesthesia of 8 macaques with gastrointestinal symptoms and 9 asymptomatic controls from the same laboratory. Changes of abdominal radiography over time were observed following oral administration of contrast medium. In all control animals, contrast medium had completely passed from the stomach within 150 min after administration. However, all animals with gastrointestinal symptoms retained some contrast medium in the stomach. Gastric emptying time of contrast medium was associated with excessive gastric air in Japanese macaques; therefore, gastric emptying time seems to be associated with decreased gastric motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arao Yamaoka
- Yamaoka Veterinary Hospital, 3-6-6 Jousai, Nagoya, Aichi 451-0031, Japan
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26
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Segawa T, Itou T, Echigoya Y, Suzuki M, Koie H, Sakai T. Molecular cloning and expression of bottlenose dolphin CD34. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 139:303-7. [PMID: 21129783 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In terrestrial mammals, the surface molecule CD34 is used as a marker to identify hematopoietic progenitor cells. To clarify whether CD34 expression can be used to confirm the undifferentiated state of hematopoietic-like cells isolated from the bone marrow of bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncates, we determined in this study the sequence of dolphin CD34 cDNA and analyzed its mRNA expression. Dolphin CD34 cDNA can be expressed as two forms, one that encodes a full-length version and a variant, truncated version of the gene. Both forms were detected in bone marrow mononuclear cells and in various tissues using RT-PCR. The truncated form was not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and neither form was detected in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This is the first report on CD34 in marine mammals and our results suggest that dolphin CD34 may be a useful marker to identify hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Segawa
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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27
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Nakashima S, Matsuyama Y, Takahashi K, Satoh T, Koie H, Kanayama K, Tsuji T, Maruyama K, Imagama S, Sakai Y, Ishiguro N. Regeneration of intervertebral disc by the intradiscal application of cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel and cross-linked chondroitin sulfate hydrogel in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc injury. Biomed Mater Eng 2010; 19:421-9. [PMID: 20231795 DOI: 10.3233/bme-2009-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) is a major cause of low back pain. However, there is no satisfactory preventive treatment for degenerative disc disease (DDD). In this study, we examined the effects of a novel cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel and cross-linked chondroitin sulfate (CS) hydrogel on a rabbit model of IVD injury. We injected 300 microl of phosphate buffer saline, 1% sodium hyaluronate, cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel, or cross-linked CS hydrogel into the injured IVDs. One, three or six months after treatment, the whole spinal columns were dissected and magnetic resonance (MR) images of the IVDs were examined. It was noted that the IVD, which was injected with cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel or cross-linked CS hydrogel mostly retained the normal signal intensity of the MR images. These IVDs exhibited a higher degree of staining with safranin-O than the control discs or 1% sodium hyaluronate-injected discs, suggesting that the intradiscal application of cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel or cross-linked CS hydrogel probably inhibits the degenerative cascade of the DDD. The intradiscal administration of these drugs is safe, easy and costs less. In the near future, these intradiscal injections may become the standard therapy for the treatment of DDD instead of the spine surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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28
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Harada M, Koie H, Iwaki S, Sato T, Kanayama K, Taira M, Sakai T. Establishment of vertebral heart scale in the growth period of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). J Vet Med Sci 2009; 72:503-5. [PMID: 20009429 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a thoracic X-ray examination of 56 Japanese macaques to obtain normal reference values for vertebral heart scale (VHS). Mean VHS was 10.25 +/- 0.94 v. In males, mean VHS was 10.56 +/- 0.73 v, with no significant correlation to age or weight. In contrast, mean VHS in females was 9.97 +/- 1.03 v, and tended to decrease with increasing age and weight. These findings will facilitate the diagnosis of cardiac disease in Japanese macaques in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Harada
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University
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29
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Endo H, Kobayashi H, Koyabu D, Hayashida A, Jogahara T, Taru H, Oishi M, Itou T, Koie H, Sakai T. The Morphological Basis of the Armor-Like Folded Skin of the Greater Indian Rhinoceros as a Thermoregulator. Mammal Study 2009. [DOI: 10.3106/041.034.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Itou T, Koie H, Segawa T, Kato M, Yanagisawa M, Ueda K, Kuwano R, Suzuki M, Moritomo T, Sakai T. Bone marrow biopsy from the flipper of a dolphin. Vet J 2009; 185:216-7. [PMID: 19553147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To find macroscopically palpable bone marrow cavities in dolphins is difficult because of their extremely retrogressive limbs and pelvis and because they do not contain abundant modular cavities (as in terrestrial mammals) that can serve as sites for bone marrow biopsies. Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of dolphin skeletons suggests that bone marrow could be harvested from the humerus and radius. In this report, post-mortem paracentesis of the humerus from a captive rough-toothed dolphin using a biopsy needle provided a marrow preparation containing myelocytes, erythroblasts and megakaryocytes. This type of bone marrow collection from the flipper might be useful for clinical diagnostic work in cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Itou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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31
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Suzuki M, Hirako K, Saito S, Suzuki C, Kashiwabara T, Koie H. Usage of high-performance mattresses for transport of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin. Zoo Biol 2009; 27:331-40. [PMID: 19360628 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ground transport can be a stressful operation for dolphins if the long period of restraint causes damage to internal organs, especially to the lung, generated by their own weight. Buoyancy is deprived from dolphins under moist transport, in which dolphins are transported on mattresses. Upgrading mattresses is an effective way to modify the transportation method so as to compensate for the loss of buoyancy. In Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), we tried to find mattresses that performed well at distributing the dolphins' weight and preserved their pulmonary function. When using EV-17 (thickness, 50 mm) put on EE-20 (thickness, 50 mm), a wider support area, less extreme changes in pressure, and lower maximum pressures were observed compared with other mattress systems tested. On this mattress system, lower breathing rates, lower heart rates, and higher exhaled CO(2) concentrations were shown compared with using standard mattresses. These results suggest that the performance of the combination of EV-17 and EE-20 is better than that of the standard mattress in terms of the cardiopulmonary function of dolphins. Zoo Biol 27:331-340, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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32
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Endo H, Komiya T, Kawada S, Hayashida A, Kimura J, Itou T, Koie H, Sakai T. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Xenarthrous Process of the Thoracic and Lumber Vertebrae in the Giant Anteater. Mammal Study 2009. [DOI: 10.3106/041.034.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Endo H, Taru H, Hayashida A, Kimura J, Itou T, Koie H, Sakai T. Absence of the Guttural Pouch in a Newborn Indian Rhinoceros Demonstrated by Three-Dimensional Image Observations. Mammal Study 2009. [DOI: 10.3106/041.034.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Suzuki K, Koie H, Matsumoto T, Asano R. The effect of hypertonic saline solution on vasodilatation of the superior sagittal sinus using magnetic resonance imaging in normovolemic dogs. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:465-70. [PMID: 17662319 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several animal studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of hypertonic saline (HSS) on cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure and brain water content. This study aimed to investigate, using magnetic resonance imaging, whether a small volume of HSS is superior to dextran in vasodilatation of cerebral vessels and reduction of cerebrospinal fluids in dogs. HSS induced a significant expansion of the cross-section of the superior sagittal sinus in the axial transverse section of the pituitary and a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid area in the axial transverse section of the epencephalon more than dextran 40 did (p<0.001, respectively). However, the relative plasma volume in the dog which received dextran 40 was significantly higher after t=30min than in the HSS group (p<0.001). Therefore, it is suggested that HSS might be superior to colloid solutions in improving cerebral circulation, whereas dextran 40 is superior to HSS in enhancing systemic circulation in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresourse Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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35
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Endo H, Niizawa N, Komiya T, Kawada S, Kimura J, Itou T, Koie H, Sakai T. Three-dimensional CT examination of the mastication system in the giant anteater. Zoolog Sci 2008; 24:1005-11. [PMID: 18088164 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.24.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The gross anatomy of the mastication system of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) was examined by means of three-dimensional image analysis. The anteater rotates the mandibles medially and laterally to control its tongue when it is elongated and to house it when it is relaxed. Three-dimensional CT image analysis demonstrated that the shape and size of the oral cavity changes drastically when the mandibles are rotated. The oral cavity expands bilaterally when the dorsal part of the mandibles bend medially. Macroscopic observations and muscle-weight data supported the observation that the superficial temporal and medial pterygoid muscles act as the main medial and lateral rotators of the mandible, respectively. The low height of the mandibular ramus and the incomplete zygomatic arch in this species represent adaptations for the rotational movement of the mandibles, since they both contribute to the medially oriented transmission of force from the temporal muscles and to preventing collision between the mandibles and the cranium during the rotational movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Endo
- Section of Morphology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
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36
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Kitagawa M, Okada M, Koie H, Kanayama K, Sakai T. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography appearance of chronic subdural haematoma in a dog. Aust Vet J 2008; 86:100-1. [PMID: 18304047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kitagawa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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37
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Nakamura S, Okabayashi S, Ageyama N, Koie H, Sankai T, Ono F, Fujimoto K, Terao K. Transthyretin Amyloidosis and Two Other Aging-Related Amyloidoses in an Aged Vervet Monkey. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:67-72. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-1-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An aged male vervet monkey showed severe cardiac arrhythmia for more than 3 years. A multifocal amyloid consisting of transthyretin was deposited in all areas of the heart wall, especially in the extracellular stroma among muscle fibers and external tunica of arterioles. Moreover, the amyloid was deposited in the stroma and arterioles of other systemic organs except the liver and spleen. These characteristics are consistent with senile systemic amyloidosis in humans. A second amyloid consisting of amyloid β protein was in senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the cerebral cortex. A third amyloid consisting of islet amyloid polypeptide was deposited in islets of the pancreas. Apolipoprotein E and amyloid P component colocalized with the 3 amyloids. Thus, 3 different aging-related amyloids were found in an aged vervet monkey. In particular, to our knowledge, this is the first report on spontaneous transthyretin amyloidosis in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nakamura
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - S. Okabayashi
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N. Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H. Koie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioscience, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T. Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - F. Ono
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K. Fujimoto
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K. Terao
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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38
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Abstract
We retrospectively examined clinical data for 12 dogs in which echocardiography revealed the presence of left ventricular moderator bands (LMB). Physical examinations, electrocardiography and echocardiography revealed slight cardiac murmurs, increasing QRS complex and left ventricular turbulent flow (6 of the dogs), respectively. No differences were observed with respect to gender, and no specific clinical symptoms or types of dog that frequently develop this disorder were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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39
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Takahashi T, Otani I, Okuda M, Inoue M, Ito K, Sakai M, Koie H, Yamaya Y, Watari T, Sato T, Kanayama K, Tokuriki M. Malignant transformation of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:677-81. [PMID: 17611371 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was referred to us for evaluation of mild lymphocytosis. The peripheral lymphocytes were comprised of mostly large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), and flow cytometry showed that they were mostly CD3+8+ T lymphocytes. Clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene was identified in the peripheral blood, and the dog was therefore diagnosed with LGL chronic leukemia. The dog was subclinical without treatment until hospitalization on day 154, at which point the lymphocytes looked like lymphoblasts and the surface markers changed to CD3-8-. This was regarded as malignant transformation from LGL chronic leukemia to the acute type. Sequential chemotherapy was started, but the dog died on day 190. Necropsy revealed tumor cell infiltration into the heart, skin, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Yamaguchi, Japan
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40
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Koie H, Abe Y, Sato T, Yamaoka A, Taira M, Nigi H. Tetralogy of fallot in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2007; 46:66-7. [PMID: 17645299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Only a few case reports have described heart diseases in monkeys, and most cases have involved postmortem diagnosis. A newborn female Japanese macaque showed weakness immediately after birth and died 1 d thereafter. Necropsy revealed that the animal had tetralogy of Fallot and patent ductus arteriosus. This report is the first description of tetralogy of Fallot in a monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
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41
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Endo H, Hama N, Niizawa N, Kimura J, Itou T, Koie H, Sakai T. Three-dimensional analysis of the manipulation system in the lesser panda. Mammal Study 2007. [DOI: 10.3106/1348-6160(2007)32[99:taotms]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Teshima K, Asano K, Iwanaga K, Koie H, Uechi M, Kato Y, Kutara K, Edamura K, Hasegawa A, Tanaka S. Evaluation of right ventricular Tei index (index of myocardial performance) in healthy dogs and dogs with tricuspid regurgitation. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 68:1307-13. [PMID: 17213699 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) Tei index (index of myocardial performance) has been demonstrated to be clinically useful in estimating RV function in various human cardiac diseases. The purposes of this study were to validate the correlation between RV Tei index and RV function obtained by cardiac catheterization in healthy dogs, and to evaluate the RV Tei index in dogs with tricuspid regurgitation (TR). In healthy dogs, the RV Tei index significantly correlated with the RV peak +dP/dt (r=-0.80, p<0.0001) and -dP/dt (r=0.69, p=0.0001). In normal dogs, the RV Tei index was not significantly correlated with heart rate, body weight, and age. The RV Tei index significantly increased in dogs with moderate to severe TR (0.39 +/- 0.35, p=0.0015), filariasis (0.46 +/- 0.16, p=0.0131), and trivial to mild TR and severe mitral regurgitation (MR; 0.61 +/- 0.14, p=0.0017) when compared with the normal dogs (0.17 +/- 0.10). In addition, the RV Tei index in dogs with TR significantly increased in association with pulmonary hypertension [PH(-), 0.19 +/- 0.09; PH(+), 0.65 +/- 0.14; respectively p<0.0001]. Our study has demonstrated that RV Tei index is a feasible approach to estimate RV function in dogs and is not influenced by heart rate, body weight, and aging. Further investigations are required to clarify the clinical significance of RV Tei index in dogs with right-sided cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Teshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Sakai M, Harada K, Matsumura H, Takahashi T, Koie H, Yamaya Y, Watari T, Shibuya H, Sato T, Tokuriki M, Hasegawa A. A case of feline pancreatitis. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 68:1331-3. [PMID: 17213703 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat was referred to us with anorexia, pyrexia, and jaundice. Total bilirubin (TBIL) and feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) levels were remarkably high. Based on laparoscopic biopsy of the pancreas, the cat was diagnosed as having pancreatitis. As a result of treatment with a synthetic protease inhibitor and corticosteroid, the TBIL and fTLI values returned to normal and the clinical course was good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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44
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Teshima K, Asano K, Iwanaga K, Koie H, Uechi M, Kato Y, Kutara K, Kanno N, Seki M, Edamura K, Hasegawa A, Tanaka S. Evaluation of Left Ventricular Tei Index (Index of Myocardial Performance) in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:117-23. [PMID: 17339754 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The left ventricular (LV) Tei index (index of myocardial performance) has been demonstrated to be clinically useful in estimating comprehensive LV function, including the systolic and diastolic performances, in various human cardiac diseases. The purposes of this study were to validate the correlation between the LV Tei index and LV function obtained by cardiac catheterization in healthy dogs, and to evaluate the LV Tei index in dogs with naturally occurring mitral regurgitation (MR). In healthy dogs, the LV Tei index was significantly correlated with the LV peak +dP/dt (r = -0.89) and LV peak -dP/dt (r=0.87). The LV Tei index significantly increased in dogs with MR compared with normal dogs and significantly increased with progressively more severe clinical signs due to heart failure. The elevation of the LV Tei index in dogs with symptomatic MR appears to be associated with shortening of ejection time. The LV Tei index significantly increased with age and was not correlated with heart rate and body weight in normal dogs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the LV Tei index was measurable in dogs and not influenced by heart rate and body weight. The LV Tei index significantly increased with the progression of clinical signs in MR dogs. In particular, the elevation of the LV Tei index in dogs with symptomatic MR due to shortening of ejection time may suggest LV systolic dysfunction and the decrement of forward stroke volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Teshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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45
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Abstract
A 7-year-old female cross-breed dog was brought to Nihon University Animal Medical Center for investigation of tetraplegia. Lameness in the pelvic limbs, that had developed 2 weeks previously, had progressed to tetraplegia. On magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord, isointensity was detected from C2 to C4 and T12 to T13, isointensity and hyperintensity were intermingled from L3 to L4, and hyperintensity was detected from L5 to L7 by T1-weighted imaging. On T2-weighted imaging, hyperintensity was detected in all regions described above. The dog recovered from anaesthesia, but died during the day from systemic bleeding as the result of a coagulopathy of unknown aetiology. Histopathological examination revealed haematomyelia in these regions of the spinal cord. This is the first report of magnetic resonance imaging findings of haematomyelia in canine spontaneous systemic haemorrhage. It appeared that the differences in the findings of T1-weighted imaging along the spinal regions reflected time-lags in the occurrence of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okada
- Pet Clinic ANIHOS, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To (1) evaluate a purpose-built chamber for inducing isoflurane anaesthesia in sea lions and (2) assess isoflurane as an anaesthetic for dental surgery in these species. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case study. ANIMALS Four sea lions, aged between 5 and 12 years and weighing 74-110 kg, with dental disease. METHODS Sea lions were restrained in a custom-built acrylic chamber into which 5% isoflurane (vapourizer setting) was delivered in O(2) (30 L minute(-1)) from three anaesthetic machines. When the animals were recumbent, the chamber was opened and induction completed using a face mask. Anaesthesia was maintained with 1.5-3.0% isoflurane (vapourizer setting) for 10-15 minutes and after tracheal intubation, was maintained with 1.0-3.0% isoflurane (end-tidal) for 41-255 minutes, using a partial rebreathing system with CO(2) absorption. RESULTS During induction, the sea lions attempted to support their weight on their thoracic limbs before slipping into sternal or lateral recumbency. Sea lions underwent either root canal surgery, 'crowning' or canine tooth extraction. The animals were completely unresponsive during these operations and apnoea was never encountered at any point during anaesthesia. After surgery, the sea lions were placed into transport cages and their tracheae extubated once they began to move their heads. Thereafter, recovery from anaesthesia was smooth and no signs of distress were observed. Animals were able to raise their forequarters using their flippers within 1 hour of the operation and were returned to the aquarium about 2 hours after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The purpose-built induction chamber is safe for inducing isoflurane anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing sea lions and isoflurane is an effective anaesthetic in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Yamaya
- Animal Medical Center, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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47
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Sakai M, Asano K, Nakata M, Takahashi T, Koie H, Yamaya Y, Watari T, Shibuya H, Sato T, Tokuriki M, Hasegawa A. Diabetes mellitus after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma with hypoglycemia in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:765-7. [PMID: 16891796 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old male beagle was referred to us with seizure related to hypoglycemia and a large intraabdominal mass. Based on various types of imaging and a laparoscopic biopsy, the intraabdominal mass was diagnosed as a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the quadrate lobe. The hypoglycemia was suspected to be associated with the HCC. After lobectomy of the quadrate lobe was performed, blood glucose levels continued to increase to higher than normal values and sugar was detected in the urine. The dog was diagnosed as diabetes mellitus (DM) and was treated with insulin for over two years after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresouce Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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48
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Miura T, Watari T, Maruyama H, Sakai M, Takahashi T, Kano R, Koie H, Yamaya Y, Tokuriki M, Hasegawa A. Molecular cloning of canine mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 cDNA and its expression in normal tissues. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 67:1257-60. [PMID: 16397386 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA encoding canine mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) was cloned. The entire open reading frame of canine MAdCAM-1 cDNA comprises 1137 bp, corresponding to 378 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine MAdCAM-1 was 55.2%, 53.7%, and 52.4% identical to rat, mouse, and human MAdCAM-1, respectively. Canine MAdCAM-1 appeared to contain two immunoglobulin-like domains at the N-terminus, followed by a mucin-like domain and a third immunoglobulin-like domain. The structures of the dog, rat, and mouse proteins are likely similar because all of the cysteine residues in the immunoglobulin-like domains were conserved. Canine MAdCAM-1 mRNA was confirmed to express extremely in the mesenteric lymph node by RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Miura
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Sakai M, Otani I, Ishigaki K, Edamura K, Takahashi T, Koie H, Yamaya Y, Watari T, Shibuya H, Sato T, Kanayama K, Tokuriki M, Hasegawa A. Phenotypic Analysis of Hepatic T Lymphocytes in a Dog with Chronic Hepatitis. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:1219-21. [PMID: 17146184 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated hepatic T lymphocyte phenotypes in a dog with chronic hepatitis. Before treatment, numerous CD3+ lymphocytes were demonstrated in the liver, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was remarkably high (2.96; reference range, 0.33+/-0.12). After treatment, CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration in the liver was reduced, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ decreased to 0.31. Therefore, hepatic T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ lymphocytes, might play a central role in the pathogenesis of this dog with chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Suzuki K, Aoyagi S, Koie H, Asano R. The Effect of 7.2% Hypertonic Saline Solution on M-Mode Echocardiographic Indices in Normovolemic Dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:749-51. [PMID: 16891792 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether a small volume of 7.2% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) could affect M-mode echocardiographic indices in dogs. HSS induced significant increase in heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac index, when the fluid infusion was completed (P<0.05). In the HSS group, the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, as an index of preload, significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas left ventricular end-systolic volume index were not altered. HSS induced slight increases in ejection fraction at end of infusion despite significantly differences were not observed. In conclusion, HSS did not induce a demonstrable effect on M-mode echocardiographic indices of systolic function-enhance cardiac contractility, but it caused preload augmentation that may contribute to an abrupt and transient increase in cardiac output just after HSS infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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