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Fukui M, Asakuma H, Horiuchi H, Takii H, Yoshioka M, Hinode D. Oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder affects tongue coating microbiome. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:721-728. [PMID: 35579104 PMCID: PMC9209808 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tongue coating, a kind of biofilm formed on the tongue dorsum, is the cause of various clinical conditions, such as oral halitosis and periodontal diseases, because Fusobacterium nucleatum acts as a bridge between other oral bacteria and periodontopathogenic bacteria in biofilm formation. Our previous clinical study revealed that taking oral care tablets containing kiwifruit powder significantly reduced not only tongue‐coating index and volatile sulfur compounds but also total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome of tongue coating samples obtained before and after oral care tablets intake to clarify whether this tablet is a useful tool for daily tongue care. Methods Thirty‐two healthy young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for intervention II. Microbial DNA was isolated from the collected tongue coating samples in each subject, then 16S rRNA next‐generation sequencing, operational taxonomic unit clustering, and statistical analysis were performed. Results The microbiome analysis revealed that the oral care tablet in intervention II prompted a significant change in the tongue microbiota composition, a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Prevotella and Porphyromonas, and an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio when compared to that in intervention I. Conclusion These results suggested that the oral care tablet might contribute to the improvement of the oral condition due to its good influence on the tongue coating microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fukui
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asakuma
- Applied Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Horiuchi
- Applied Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takii
- Research Promotion and Management Office, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Yoshioka
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hinode
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Matsumura Y, Hinode D, Fukui M, Yoshioka M, Asakuma H, Takii H. Effectiveness of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder in reducing oral bacteria in tongue coating: A crossover trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:197-206. [PMID: 32250572 PMCID: PMC7133734 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria in tongue coating compared with tongue brushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two healthy, young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. The volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration, Winkel tongue-coating index (WTCI), and the number of total bacteria in addition to Fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating were measured. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for Intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for Intervention II, and three oral care tablets 1 day before the measurement for Intervention III. RESULTS There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2 S, VSC, and WTCI at Intervention I and all evaluation values at Intervention II. There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2 S, VSC, WTCI, the number of total bacteria, and F. nucleatum at Intervention III. The value of WTCI, the number of bacteria, and F. nucleatum decreased significantly after taking the oral care tablets than after tongue brushing. When compared with Interventions I and III, Intervention III showed the effective results; there were significant differences in the number of total bacteria and F. nucleatum between tongue brushing and taking tablets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder could be effective in reducing total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating when compared with tongue brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumura
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Daisuke Hinode
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Makoto Fukui
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Masami Yoshioka
- Faculty of Health and WelfareTokushima Bunri UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroki Asakuma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Takii
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
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Aoki R, Kamikado K, Suda W, Takii H, Mikami Y, Suganuma N, Hattori M, Koga Y. A proliferative probiotic Bifidobacterium strain in the gut ameliorates progression of metabolic disorders via microbiota modulation and acetate elevation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43522. [PMID: 28252037 PMCID: PMC5333160 DOI: 10.1038/srep43522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is an important contributor to the worldwide prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes obesity and diabetes. The anti-MS effects exerted by Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 (BlaG), a highly proliferative Bifidobacterium strain in the gut, and B. longum ssp. longum JCM1217T (BloJ) were comparatively examined. BlaG treatment reduced visceral fat accumulation and improved glucose tolerance, whereas BloJ had no effect on these parameters. Gut microbial analysis revealed that BlaG exerted stronger effects on the overall bacterial structure of the gut microbiota than BloJ, including enrichment of the genus Bifidobacterium. The levels of acetate and glucagon-like peptide-1 were increased by BlaG treatment in both the gut and plasma, but not by BloJ treatment. Correlation analysis suggested that the elevation of gut acetate levels by BlaG treatment plays a pivotal role in the BlaG-induced anti-MS effects. These findings indicated that BlaG, a highly viable and proliferative probiotic, improves metabolic disorders by modulating gut microbiota, which results in the elevation of SCFAs, especially acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Aoki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamikado
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takii
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mikami
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Natsuki Suganuma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
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Takii H, Takii Nagao Y, Kometani T, Nishimura T, Nakae T, Kuriki T, Fushiki T. Fluids Containing a Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin Influence the Gastric Emptying Rate. Int J Sports Med 2005; 26:314-9. [PMID: 15900642 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-820999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The rates of gastric emptying for highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) and other carbohydrate (CHO) solutions were examined using ultrasonograph techniques. Ten healthy volunteers ingested water, physiological saline, or solutions containing various CHO, such as HBCD, glucose, maltose, sucrose, and commercially available dextrin. After a subject drank one of the solutions, the relaxed cross-sectional area of the pylorus antrum was measured at rest by real-time ultrasonography. The time required for gastric emptying was correlated with the relaxed cross-sectional area of the pylorus antrum. Among all of the solutions tested, physiological saline was transferred fastest from the stomach to the small intestine. For solutions of the same CHO, 5 % solution was transferred faster than 10 % solution. For CHO solutions other than HBCD, a low osmotic pressure was associated with rapid transfer from the stomach. The gastric emptying time (GET) of HBCD solution increased with an increase in its concentration. A shorter GET was observed for the CHO solutions at 59 to 160 mOsm regardless of their concentration. A sports drink based on 10 % HBCD adjusted to 150 mOsm by the addition of various minerals, vitamins, and organic acids was evacuated significantly (p < 0.05) faster than a 10 % HBCD solution or a sports drink based on 10 % commercially available dextrin (DE16), which has a higher osmotic pressure (269 mOsm). Our results suggest that a shorter GET could be achieved with CHO solutions with osmotic pressures of 59 - 160 mOsm. Therefore, a sports drink based on 10 % HBCD adjusted to 150 mOsm by the addition of minerals, vitamins, and organic acids could supply adequate quantities of CHO, fluid, and minerals simultaneously in a short time, without increasing GET.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takii
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Takii H, Yoshiyama M, Yanase M, Kamasaka H, Nishimura T, Kuriki T. The Relationship of Phosphoryl-oligosaccharides or Sugarless Chewing Gum Containing Phosphoryl-oligosaccharides Ingestion and Gastrointestinal Condition in Humans: Comparison between Men and Women. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2003. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.50.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
We, previously demonstrated that one shot administration of glycyrrhizin (Grz) reduced the postprandial blood glucose rise, using Std ddY mice. Subsequently, we evaluated the effects of long-term Grz treatment (2.7, 4.1 g/kg diet) on diabetic symptoms using genetically non-insulin dependent diabetic model mice (KK-Ay). Male KK-Ay mice were divided into 3 groups: the control group, 0.27% Grz diet (2.7 g of Grz/kg diet) group and 0.41% Grz diet (4.1 g of Grz/kg diet) group. The elevation of blood glucose concentration was almost entirely suppressed in mice fed the 0.41% Grz diet 7 weeks after the beginning of test feeding, although it was not suppressed in mice fed the control diet or the 0.27% Grz diet. Water intake in the control and 0.27% Grz diet groups increased gradually, whereas, this was not true in the 0.41% Grz diet group. Grz treatment significantly lowered blood insulin level. Throughout the experiment, Grz did not affect the food intake or body weight among the three groups. The mice fed the 0.41% Grz diet also improved their tolerance to oral glucose loading 9 weeks after the beginning of test feeding. This study shows that Grz has an antidiabetic effect in noninsulin-dependent diabetes model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takii
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima, Osaka, Japan.
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Takii H, Ishihara K, Kometani T, Okada S, Fushiki T. Enhancement of swimming endurance in mice by highly branched cyclic dextrin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999; 63:2045-52. [PMID: 10664836 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the ergogenic effect in mice of administering highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD), a new type of glucose polymer, on the swimming endurance in an adjustable-current swimming pool. Male Std ddY mice were administered a HBCD, a glucose solution or water via a stomach sonde 10 min before, 10 min after or 30 min after beginning swimming exercise, and were then obliged to swim in the pool. The total swimming period until exhaustion, an index of the swimming endurance, was measured. An ergogenic effect of HBCD was observed at a dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight, whereas it had no effect at a dose of 166 mg/kg of body wt (p < 0.05). The mice administered with the HBCD solution 10 min after starting the exercise were able to swim significantly longer (p < 0.05) than the mice who had ingested water or the glucose solution. The rise in mean blood glucose level in the mice administered with HBCD, which was measured 20 min after starting swimming, was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in the mice administered with glucose, although it was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the mice administered with water. The mean blood insulin rise in the mice given HBCD was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in the mice given glucose. The mice administered with HBCD 30 min after starting the exercise swam significantly longer (p < 0.05) than the mice who had ingested water, although the enhancement of swimming time was similar to that of the glucose-ingesting mice. The gastric emptying rate of the HBCD solution was significantly faster (p < 0.05) than that of the glucose solution. However, this glucose polymer must have spent more time being absorbed because it has to be hydrolyzed before absorption, reflecting a lower and possibly longer-lasting blood glucose level. We conclude that the prolongation of swimming endurance in mice administered with HBCD depended on its rapid and longer-lasting ability for supplying glucose with a lower postprandial blood insulin response, leading to a delayed onset of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takii
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Takii H, Matsumoto K, Kometani T, Okada S, Fushiki T. Lowering effect of phenolic glycosides on the rise in postprandial glucose in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997; 61:1531-5. [PMID: 9339555 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.61.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides were screened for their lowering effect on the postprandial blood glucose rise in vivo. The effect of phlorizin and other phenolic glycosides on the postprandial blood glucose response to glucose ingestion was evaluated in Std ddY mice. When phlorizin was simultaneously added, the peak blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 51% (p < 0.01) compared to vehicles following glucose ingestion by mice, while the blood insulin responses were generally similar. Screening experiments were conducted with different classes of phenolic glycosides added to a glucose solution. Reductions of 40-52% (p < 0.05) were observed in vehicles containing arbutin, 4-hydroxyphenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (hydroquinone-alpha-glucoside) or glycyrrhizin, and of only 15-31% (not significant) in vehicles containing neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide, or 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. No lowering effect was observed in vehicles containing salicin. Since glycyrrhizin, arbutin, and hydroquinone-alpha-glucoside blunted to varying degrees the postprandial blood glucose rise following glucose ingestion, they may be useful adjuvants for the treatment of diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takii
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Kometani T, Terada Y, Nishimura T, Nakae T, Takii H, Okada S. Acceptor specificity of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkalophilic Bacillus species and synthesis of glucosyl rhamnose. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996; 60:1176-8. [PMID: 8782413 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase [1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-(1,4-alpha-D-glucano)-transferase (cyclizing), EC 2. 4. 1. 19] from an alkalophilic Bacillus species A2-5a had a wider acceptor specificity than that from B. macerans, which was similar to those from B. stearothermophilus and B. circulans. Glucosyl rhamnose produced by the CGTase was identified as glucopyranosyl-alpha-1,4-rhamnopyranose by alpha- and beta-glucosidase treatments, and 1H- and 13C-NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kometani
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Kometani T, Nishimura T, Nakae T, Takii H, Okada S. Synthesis of neohesperidin glycosides and naringin glycosides by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkalophilic Bacillus species. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996; 60:645-9. [PMID: 8829532 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkalophilic Bacillus species produced neohesperidin monoglucoside and a series of its maltooligoglucosides by transglycosylation with neohesperidin as an acceptor and soluble starch as a donor. As the reaction using beta-CD as a donor at an alkaline pH was very effective for solubilizing neohesperidin, the amount of glycosides formed was increased. As a result, its amount with beta-CD at pH 10 was about 7 times greater than that with soluble starch at pH 5. Neohesperidin monoglucoside was purified from the reaction mixture by glucoamylase and naringinase treatments, an Amberlite XAD-16 column, a Sephadex LH20 column, and HPLC on an ODS column. The structure of the purified monoglucoside was identified as 3G-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl neohesperidin by FAB-MS, methylation analysis, and 1H- and 13C-NMR. The solubility of neohesperidin monoglucoside in water was approximately 1500 times higher than that of neohesperidin, and the bitterness of the monoglucoside was about 10 times less than that of neophesperidin. In addition, naringin was also glycosylated by the same method as neohesperidin, and its monoglucoside was identified as 3G-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl naringin. The solubility of naringin monoglucoside in water was also at least 1000 times higher than that of naringin without altering its bitterness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kometani
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Nishimura T, Kometani T, Takii H, Terada Y, Okada S. Glucosylation of caffeic acid with Bacillus subtilis X-23 α-amylase and a description of the glucosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)98170-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nishimura T, Kometani T, Takii H, Terada Y, Okada S. Acceptor specificity in the glucosylation reaction of Bacillus subtilis X-23 α-amylase towards various phenolic compounds and the structure of kojic acid glucoside. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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