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Schinkelshoek MS, Fronczek R, Kooy-Winkelaar EMC, Petersen J, Reid HH, van der Heide A, Drijfhout JW, Rossjohn J, Lammers GJ, Koning F. H1N1 hemagglutinin-specific HLA-DQ6-restricted CD4+ T cells can be readily detected in narcolepsy type 1 patients and healthy controls. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:167-175. [PMID: 31048269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, an increased risk of narcolepsy type 1 was observed. Homology between an H1N1 hemagglutinin and two hypocretin sequences has been reported. T cell reactivity to these peptides was assessed in 81 narcolepsy type 1 patients and 19 HLA-DQ6-matched healthy controls. HLA-DQ6-restricted H1N1 hemagglutinin-specific T cell responses were detected in 28.4% of patients and 15.8% of controls. Despite structural homology between HLA-DQ6-hypocretin and -H1N1 peptide complexes, T cell cross-reactivity was not detected. These results indicate that it is unlikely that cross-reactivity between H1N1 hemagglutinin and hypocretin peptides presented by HLA-DQ6 is involved in the development of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Schinkelshoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands.
| | - R Fronczek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - E M C Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - H H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - A van der Heide
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - G J Lammers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - F Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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Moore KE, Roberts W, Reid HH, Smith KMZ, Oberleitner LMS, McKee SA. Effectiveness of medication assisted treatment for opioid use in prison and jail settings: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019; 99:32-43. [PMID: 30797392 PMCID: PMC6391743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the state of the literature on the effectiveness of medication assisted treatment (MAT; methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone) delivered in prisons and jails on community substance use treatment engagement, opioid use, recidivism, and health risk behaviors following release from incarceration. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published through December 2017 that examined induction to or maintenance on methadone (n = 18 studies), buprenorphine (n = 3 studies), or naltrexone (n = 3 studies) in correctional settings were identified from PsycINFO and PubMed databases. There were a sufficient number of methadone RCTs to meta-analyze; there were too few buprenorphine or naltrexone studies. All quasi-experimental studies were systematically reviewed. Data from RCTs involving 807 inmates (treatment n = 407, control n = 400) showed that methadone provided during incarceration increased community treatment engagement (n = 3 studies; OR = 8.69, 95% CI = 2.46; 30.75), reduced illicit opioid use (n = 4 studies; OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.15; 0.32) and injection drug use (n = 3 studies; OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.12; 0.56), but did not reduce recidivism (n = 4 studies; OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.51; 1.68). Data from observational studies of methadone showed consistent findings. Individual review of buprenorphine and naltrexone studies showed these medications were either superior to methadone or to placebo, or were as effective as methadone in reducing illicit opioid use post-release. Results provide the first meta-analytic summary of MATs delivered in correctional settings and support the use of MATs, especially with regard to community substance use treatment engagement and opioid use; additional work is needed to understand the reduction of recidivism and other health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Moore
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, United States of America
| | - Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Holly H Reid
- Beaumont Health System, MI, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M Z Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America
| | | | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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Reid HH, Lundahl LH, Lister JJ, Woodcock EA, Greenwald MK. Mediational Pathways Among Trait Impulsivity, Heroin-use Consequences, and Current Mood State. Addict Res Theory 2018; 26:421-429. [PMID: 30150910 PMCID: PMC6108588 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2018.1434513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether lifetime heroin-use consequences mediate the relationship between trait impulsivity and three current mood outcomes: depression symptoms, stress levels, and perception of life events. METHOD Regular heroin users (N = 163) were assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) to measure trait impulsivity; a standardized Drug History and Use Questionnaire to measure lifetime adverse consequences of heroin use; Beck Depression Inventory II to measure current depression symptoms; Stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress scale; and Hassles and Uplifts scale to measure perception of life events. RESULTS BIS-11 Attentional and Motor impulsivity were positively related to number of adverse heroin-use consequences, depression symptoms, and stress level, and negatively associated with positive perception of events. A greater number of heroin-use consequences was related to more depression symptoms, higher stress, more negative perception of events, injection heroin use, and earlier ages of first and regular heroin use. In six mediation models, lifetime heroin-use consequences partially mediated relationships between two trait impulsivity domains (Attentional, Motor) and current mood measures (depression symptoms, stress, perception of events). CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that current negative mood can be a response to the accumulated burden of heroin-use consequences, particularly in the presence of high trait impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly H. Reid
- Beaumont Health System, Wayne, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Leslie H. Lundahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jamey J. Lister
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric A. Woodcock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mark K. Greenwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Chandrasekharappa SC, Chinn SB, Donovan FX, Chowdhury NI, Kamat A, Adeyemo AA, Thomas JW, Vemulapalli M, Hussey CS, Reid HH, Mullikin JC, Wei Q, Sturgis EM. Assessing the spectrum of germline variation in Fanconi anemia genes among patients with head and neck carcinoma before age 50. Cancer 2017; 123:3943-3954. [PMID: 28678401 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) have an increased risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The authors sought to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed FA and FA carriers among patients with HNSCC as well as an age cutoff for FA genetic screening. METHODS Germline DNA samples from 417 patients with HNSCC aged <50 years were screened for sequence variants by targeted next-generation sequencing of the entire length of 16 FA genes. RESULTS The sequence revealed 194 FA gene variants in 185 patients (44%). The variant spectrum was comprised of 183 nonsynonymous point mutations, 9 indels, 1 large deletion, and 1 synonymous variant that was predicted to effect splicing. One hundred eight patients (26%) had at least 1 rare variant that was predicted to be damaging, and 57 (14%) had at least 1 rare variant that was predicted to be damaging and had been previously reported. Fifteen patients carried 2 rare variants or an X-linked variant in an FA gene. Overall, an age cutoff for FA screening was not identified among young patients with HNSCC, because there were no significant differences in mutation rates when patients were stratified by age, tumor site, ethnicity, smoking status, or human papillomavirus status. However, an increased burden, or mutation load, of FA gene variants was observed in carriers of the genes FA complementation group D2 (FANCD2), FANCE, and FANCL in the HNSCC patient cohort relative to the 1000 Genomes population. CONCLUSIONS FA germline functional variants offer a novel area of study in HNSCC tumorigenesis. FANCE and FANCL, which are components of the core complex, are known to be responsible for the recruitment and ubiquitination, respectively, of FANCD2, a critical step in the FA DNA repair pathway. In the current cohort, the increased mutation load of FANCD2, FANCE, and FANCL variants among younger patients with HNSCC indicates the importance of the FA pathway in HNSCC. Cancer 2017;123:3943-54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven B Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naweed I Chowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Aparna Kamat
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James W Thomas
- Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meghana Vemulapalli
- Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline S Hussey
- The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Holly H Reid
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James C Mullikin
- Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Reid HH, Ledgerwood DM. Depressive symptoms affect changes in nicotine withdrawal and smoking urges throughout smoking cessation treatment: Preliminary results. Addict Res Theory 2015; 24:48-53. [PMID: 27547173 PMCID: PMC4988686 DOI: 10.3109/16066359.2015.1060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who report more depressive symptoms consistently demonstrate higher rates of nicotine dependence and less successful smoking cessation than do individuals who report fewer depressive symptoms. Nicotine withdrawal and smoking urges are two potential factors that may account for the differences observed between these two groups. This study assessed whether elevated depression symptoms among nicotine dependent smokers are associated with changes in withdrawal and urges to smoke when undergoing smoking cessation treatment. METHOD Data on 81 nicotine dependent smokers were collected as part of a smoking cessation randomized trial that compared standard and contingency management treatment across one baseline week and four treatment weeks. Linear mixed model analyses were conducted with high and low depression scores predicting changes in withdrawal and urge ratings from a baseline week and four treatment weeks. RESULTS Participants with elevated depression symptoms reported more intense nicotine withdrawal and smoking urges throughout treatment. Further, participants with greater depressive symptoms exhibited an increase in smoking urges at the start of treatment, compared with a gradual decline in urges among participants with fewer depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Smokers with elevated depressive symptoms experience significantly elevated discomfort during smoking cessation efforts in the form of increased withdrawal and craving. This discomfort has the potential to make quitting smoking more difficult. Clinical Trial Identifier: NCT00865254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly H. Reid
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David M. Ledgerwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Reid HH, Harrell CR, Bangert CA. A man with cutaneous sclerosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Granziero L, Nelboeck P, Bedoucha M, Lanzavecchia A, Reid HH. Baculovirus cDNA libraries for expression cloning of genes encoding cell-surface antigens. J Immunol Methods 1997; 203:131-9. [PMID: 9149806 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(97)00018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method for the production of baculovirus-based cDNA libraries. By staining with monoclonal antibodies, single positive cells can be sorted and the virus encoding for the surface epitope can be isolated by limiting dilution. We have used this method to isolate cDNAs encoding several cell-surface antigens.
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Andres AC, Reid HH, Zürcher G, Blaschke RJ, Albrecht D, Ziemiecki A. Expression of two novel eph-related receptor protein tyrosine kinases in mammary gland development and carcinogenesis. Oncogene 1994; 9:1461-7. [PMID: 8152808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the involvement of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in the growth control of mammary epithelial cells, we have used PCR based cloning to identify PTKs expressed in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line. This approach led to the isolation of two receptor PTKs of the eph-related subfamily; myk-1, a novel member expressed predominantly in lung, heart and mammary gland and myk-2, a close relative of the human eck gene. Northern blot analysis of RNA from mouse mammary glands at different stages of development revealed that myk-1 and myk-2 expression is induced at puberty and differentially regulated during the estrus cycle. myk-1 and myk-2 expression was down-regulated during the pregnancy induced differentiation of the mammary gland. Over-expression of myk-1 and myk-2 was found in the undifferentiated and invasive mammary tumors of transgenic mice expressing the Ha-ras oncogene. In contrast, no elevated expression of either gene could be detected in the well differentiated and non-metastatic mammary tumors of c-myc expressing transgenic mice. These results indicate that myk-1 and myk-2 expression is induced during the proliferation of the mammary gland and down-regulated by its differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Andres
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Oelrichs RB, Reid HH, Bernard O, Ziemiecki A, Wilks AF. NYK/FLK-1: a putative receptor protein tyrosine kinase isolated from E10 embryonic neuroepithelium is expressed in endothelial cells of the developing embryo. Oncogene 1993; 8:11-8. [PMID: 8423988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A protein tyrosine kinase (NYK/FLK-1), bearing all the hallmarks of a growth factor receptor, has been isolated from a cDNA library generated from enriched populations of mouse day 10 embryonic neuroepithelium and from day 18 embryonic colon. Sequence analysis of cDNAs covering the entire coding region of this 5.7 kb mRNA predicted the presence of seven immunoglobulin-like domains in the extracellular region of this molecule. This feature, coupled with the detection of an insert domain bisecting the kinase domain of the predicted protein sequence, places NYK/FLK-1 firmly in the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor-related class of molecules. NYK/FLK-1 is expressed at high levels in adult heart, lung, kidney, brain and skeletal muscle, but is also expressed at lower levels in most other adult tissues. In situ hybridization of day 12.5 embryo sections demonstrated NYK/FLK-1 mRNA expression in endothelial cells lining the dorsal aorta and intervertebral veins. In addition, expression was found in cells lining the capillary plexus which surrounds the developing neuroepithelium, and in the endothelial cells which are found within the embryonic lung, spleen, liver and metanephros.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Oelrichs
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Bernard O, Li M, Reid HH. Expression of two different forms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in different mouse tissues and cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:7625-9. [PMID: 1715572 PMCID: PMC52354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.17.7625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) form a multigene family of at least four members, all having extracellular regions consisting of either two or three immunoglobin-like (Ig-like) domains. By RNase protection analysis we have analyzed the expression of FGFR-1 mRNA in various tissues and cell lines and demonstrated that all of the cell lines studied expressed at least two different forms of the FGFR-1 at similar levels. Although muscle and heart express forms having either two [FGFR-1 short (FGFR-1S)] or three [FGFR-1 long (FGFR-1L)] Ig-like domains, the developing brain and adult brain express only mRNA encoding the longer form. The two forms of the receptor were characterized further by stably introducing expression vectors expressing them into Rat-2 fibroblasts and FDC-P1 myeloid cells. Treatment of the transfected Rat-2 cells with acidic FGF (aFGF) or basic FGF (bFGF) resulted in focus formation. The transformed phenotype was observed even without addition of ligand after growth in culture for greater than 2 months. Cross-linking of 125I-labeled bFGF (125I-bFGF) to Rat-2 cells expressing either FGFR-1L or FGFR-1S yielded two similar complexes of 150 and 110 kDa. Although Rat-2 cells expressing FGFR-1L yielded similar complexes with 125I-labeled aFGF (125I-aFGF), only the 150-kDa complex was formed with cells expressing FGFR-1S. The 150-kDa complex was also observed when 125I-aFGF or 125I-bFGF was cross-linked to FDC-P1 cells expressing FGFR-1L. Significantly, these complexes were only observed when heparin was present in the cross-linking reaction. FDC-P1 cells expressing FGFR-1 bound aFGF and bFGF with high affinity but only in the presence of heparin. The factor dependence of these cells could be switched from interleukin 3 to FGF in the presence of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bernard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Blaschke R, Andres AC, Reid HH, Zürcher G, Friis RR, Ziemiecki A. Tyrosine kinases: from viral oncogenes to developmental regulators. Behring Inst Mitt 1991:81-92. [PMID: 1930106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play a central role in cellular regulation by virtue of their participation in, and control of, signal transduction pathways; they act as a molecular interface between the cell's environment and intercellular metabolism. The mammary gland, unlike most organs, undergoes most of its morphogenesis in juvenile and adult life. The epithelium goes through hormonally controlled cycles of proliferation and regression, the fully differentiated state only being reached at the end of pregnancy. These features make the mammary gland an amenable tissue to study the involvement of PTKs in epithelial cell development and differentiation. We have used a PCR-based molecular cloning strategy to identify PTKs from murine mammary gland cells. Amongst 70 kinase clones characterized we found 3 PTKs previously undescribed in mouse, 4 known PTKs and 5 serine threonine kinases. Expression studies revealed differential tissue specificity and developmental regulation of the 3 previously undescribed PTKs. These results substantiate the view that PTKs are involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Blaschke
- Universität Bern, Abteilung für klinisch-experimentelle Forschung, Tiefenauspital, Schweiz
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12
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Reid HH, Wilks AF, Bernard O. Two forms of the basic fibroblast growth factor receptor-like mRNA are expressed in the developing mouse brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:1596-600. [PMID: 1689490 PMCID: PMC53522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.4.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic neuroepithelium gives rise to the components of the central nervous system in the mature animal. To study the early development of the murine central nervous system we have sought to isolate growth factor receptors from the neuroepithelium of the neural tube of 10-day-old mouse embryos. Because many growth factor receptors are members of the protein-tyrosine kinase family, we have used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify mRNA sequences from 10-day-old mouse embryo neuroepithelium; these sequences lie between the nucleotide sequences of two highly conserved amino acid motifs from the catalytic domain of protein-tyrosine kinases. By using this technique we have isolated a clone encoding the murine basic fibroblast growth factor receptor (bFGF-R), as well as a shorter form of this mRNA. This latter cDNA comprised 75% of the bFGF-R cDNA clones isolated from the immortalized neuroepithelial cell lines. This variant mRNA, designated here as N-bFGF-R, appears to be expressed at higher levels in neuronal cells in early stages of development. The bFGF-R is a member of a multigene family, as demonstrated by Southern blot analysis and the cloning of two other members of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Reid
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria, Australia
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13
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Abstract
To study the role of c-myc and N-myc in the immortalization of neural precursors, we infected neuroepithelial cells isolated from 10-day-old mouse embryos with a new retrovirus vector, pzen, harboring either the c-myc or the N-myc oncogene. The immortalized cell lines contain high levels of the virally expressed myc protein. The amount of myc proteins correlated with the capacity of the cells to differentiate spontaneously in vitro into neurons and glia; cell lines expressing high levels of myc protein can differentiate spontaneously while cell lines expressing low levels of the myc protein resemble epithelial cells. Addition of acidic or basic fibroblast growth factor enhanced differentiation of most cell lines. Some of the cell lines produced neurotrophic growth factors capable of supporting the growth of other cell lines at low density. There was no significant difference between cell lines immortalized with c-myc or with N-myc. Most of the immortalized cells lines generated from bipotential precursors are capable of differentiating into neurons and glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bernard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Abstract
Immortalized cell lines have been generated from embryonic mouse neuroepithelium by infection with a retrovirus containing the c-myc oncogene. The morphology and the antigenic phenotype of the cloned cell lines are characteristic of normal neuroepithelium. Although the cell lines are stable and do not spontaneously differentiate, morphological changes can be induced with both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor. Fibroblast growth factor at 5 ng/ml stimulates differentiation of the neuroepithelial cells, and it has been shown that the cloned cell line 2.3D can differentiate into astrocytes, containing glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurons, expressing the A2B5 marker and neurofilaments. This indicates that some cells in the neuroepithelium at embryonic day 10 are multipotent and are not restricted to either the glial or neuronal cell lineage. The cell lines also can be induced with interferon gamma to express class I and class II histocompatibility antigens. The response of the c-myc-immortalized cell lines to these two factors is similar to that observed with freshly isolated neuroepithelium and suggests that such immortalized precursor populations are representative of the cells found in the developing neuroepithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Bartlett
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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