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Vera-Reyes I, Altamirano-Hernández J, Reyes-de la Cruz H, Granados-Echegoyen CA, Loera-Alvarado G, López-López A, Garcia-Cerda LA, Loera-Alvarado E. Inhibition of Phytopathogenic and Beneficial Fungi Applying Silver Nanoparticles In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238147. [PMID: 36500239 PMCID: PMC9738576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current research, our work measured the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized from Larrea tridentata (Sessé and Moc. ex DC.) on the mycelial growth and morphological changes in mycelia from different phytopathogenic and beneficial fungi. The assessment was conducted in Petri dishes, with Potato-Dextrose-Agar (PDA) as the culture medium; the AgNP concentrations used were 0, 60, 90, and 120 ppm. Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea showed the maximum growth inhibition at 60 ppm (70.76% and 51.75%). Likewise, Macrophomina spp. required 120 ppm of AgNP to achieve 65.43%, while Fusarium oxisporum was less susceptible, reaching an inhibition of 39.04% at the same concentration. The effect of silver nanoparticles was inconspicuous in Pestalotia spp., Colletotrichum gloesporoides, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Trichoderma viridae fungi. The changes observed in the morphology of the fungi treated with nanoparticles were loss of definition, turgidity, and constriction sites that cause aggregations of mycelium, dispersion of spores, and reduced mycelium growth. AgNP could be a sustainable alternative to managing diseases caused by Alternaria solani and Macrophomina spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Vera-Reyes
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Depto. de Biociencias y Agrotecnología. Blvd, Enrique Reyna H. 140, Saltillo C.P. 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Josué Altamirano-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia C.P. 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes-de la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia C.P. 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Granados-Echegoyen
- CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Centro de Estudios en Desarrollo Sustentable y Aprovechamiento de la Vida Silvestre (CEDESU), Av. Agustín Melgar, Colonia Buenavista, San Francisco de Campeche C.P. 24039, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Loera-Alvarado
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Iturbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo C.P. 78600, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Abimael López-López
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Instituto Tecnológico de la Zona Maya, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcena, Km. 21.5, Ejido Juan Sarabia C.P. 77965, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Garcia-Cerda
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Depto. Materiales Avanzados. Blvd, Enrique Reyna H. 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo C.P. 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Loera-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia C.P. 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
- CONACYT-Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia C.P. 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Méndez-Gómez M, Castro-Mercado E, Peña-Uribe CA, la Cruz HRD, López-Bucio J, García-Pineda E. Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 lipopolysaccharides induce target of rapamycin signaling and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Physiol 2020; 253:153270. [PMID: 32919283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase plays a pivotal role in metabolism and gene expression, which enables cell proliferation, growth and development. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are a class of complex glycolipids present in the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and mediate plant-bacteria interactions. In this study, we examined whether LPS from Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 affect Arabidopsis thaliana growth via a mechanism involving TOR. A. thaliana plants were treated with LPS and plant growth and development were analyzed in mature plants. Morphological and molecular changes as well as TOR expression and activity were analyzed in root tissues. LPS increased total fresh weight, root length and TOR::GUS expression in the root meristem. Phosphorylation of S6k protein, a downstream target of TOR, increased following LPS treatment, which correlated with increased or decreased expression of CycB1;1::GUS protein upon treatment with LPS or TOR inhibitor AZD-8055, respectively. Long term LPS treatment further increased the rosette size as well as the number of stems and siliques per plant, indicating an overall phytostimulant effect for these signaling molecules. Taken together, the results suggest that A. brasilense LPS play probiotic roles in plants influencing TOR-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Méndez-Gómez
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, UMSNH, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58195, Mexico
| | - Elda Castro-Mercado
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, UMSNH, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58195, Mexico
| | - César Arturo Peña-Uribe
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, UMSNH, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58195, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes-de la Cruz
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, UMSNH, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58195, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, UMSNH, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58195, Mexico
| | - Ernesto García-Pineda
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, UMSNH, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58195, Mexico.
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Méndez-Gómez M, Castro-Mercado E, Peña-Uribe CA, Reyes-de la Cruz H, López-Bucio J, García-Pineda E. TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN signaling plays a role in Arabidopsis growth promotion by Azospirillum brasilense Sp245. Plant Sci 2020; 293:110416. [PMID: 32081264 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Azospirillum brasilense colonizes plant roots and improves productivity, but the molecular mechanisms behind its phytostimulation properties remain mostly unknown. Here, we uncover an important role of TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) signaling on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to A. brasilense Sp245. The effect of the bacterium on TOR expression was analyzed in the transgenic line TOR/tor-1, which carries a translational fusion with the GUS reporter protein, and the activity of TOR was assayed thought the phosphorylation of its downstream signaling target S6K protein. Besides, the role of TOR on plant growth in inoculated plants was assessed using the ATP-competitive inhibitor AZD-8055. A decrease in growth of the primary root correlates with an improved branching and absorptive capacity via lateral root and root hair proliferation 6 days after transplant to different concentrations of the bacterium (103 or 105 CFU/mL). Bacterization increased the expression of TOR in shoot and root apexes and promoted phosphorylation of S6K 3 days after transplant. The TOR inhibitor AZD-8055 (1 μM) inhibited plant growth and cell division in root meristems and in lateral root primordia, interfering with the phytostimulation by A. brasilense. In addition, the role of auxin produced by the bacterium to stimulate TOR expression was explored. Noteworthy, the A. brasilense mutant FAJ009, impaired in auxin production, was unable to elicit TOR signaling to the level observed for the wild-type strain, showing the importance of this phyhormone to stimulate TOR signaling. Together, our findings establish an important role of TOR signaling for the probiotic traits elicited by A. brasilense in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Méndez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. A1´, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58040, Mexico
| | - Elda Castro-Mercado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. A1´, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58040, Mexico
| | - César Arturo Peña-Uribe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. A1´, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58040, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes-de la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. A1´, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58040, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. A1´, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58040, Mexico
| | - Ernesto García-Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. A1´, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58040, Mexico.
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Chávez-Avilés M, Díaz-Pérez AL, Reyes-de la Cruz H, Campos-García J. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa liuE gene encodes the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase, involved in leucine and acyclic terpene catabolism. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 296:117-23. [PMID: 19459965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymes involved in the catabolism of leucine are encoded by the liu gene cluster in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. A mutant in the liuE gene (ORF PA2011) of P. aeruginosa was unable to utilize both leucine/isovalerate and acyclic terpenes as the carbon source. The liuE mutant grown in culture medium with citronellol accumulated metabolites of the acyclic terpene pathway, suggesting an involvement of liuE in both leucine/isovalerate and acyclic terpene catabolic pathways. The LiuE protein was expressed as a His-tagged recombinant polypeptide purified by affinity chromatography in Escherichia coli. LiuE showed a mass of 33 kDa under denaturing and 79 kDa under nondenaturing conditions. Protein sequence alignment and fingerprint sequencing suggested that liuE encodes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase (HMG-CoA lyase), which catalyzes the cleavage of HMG-CoA to acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate. LiuE showed HMG-CoA lyase optimal activity at a pH of 7.0 and 37 degrees C, an apparent K(m) of 100 microM for HMG-CoA and a V(max) of 21 micromol min(-1) mg(-1). These results demonstrate that the liuE gene of P. aeruginosa encodes for the HMG-CoA lyase, an essential enzyme for growth in both leucine and acyclic terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Chávez-Avilés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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