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Walker GB, Wang AP, Hadwen J, Erdenebold UE, Bebedjian R, Sullivan P, Santos MP, Chenier C, Karwaski S, Caron K, Varga G, Lyon J, Lesiuk HJ, Heran N, Heran M, Quateen A, Drake BJ, Oliveira EPD, Kontolemos M, Fahed R. Direct Puncture of the Superficial Temporal Artery in Embolization of a Scalp Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report. Neurointervention 2023; 18:67-71. [PMID: 36717084 PMCID: PMC9986351 DOI: 10.5469/neuroint.2022.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a minimally invasive endovascular approach to treat an arteriovenous fistula of the scalp. We performed a direct puncture of the lesion through the patient's scalp for liquid embolic agent injection along with external compression of the superficial temporal artery to perform a "manual pressure-cooker technique." The combination of these minimally invasive techniques resulted in an excellent clinical and radiographic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Walker
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alick P Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremiah Hadwen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Undrakh-Erdene Erdenebold
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Razmik Bebedjian
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marlise P Santos
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chad Chenier
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Karwaski
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie Caron
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lyon
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Howard J Lesiuk
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Navraj Heran
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, University of British Columbia, New Westminster, BC, Canada
| | - Manraj Heran
- Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aiman Quateen
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian J Drake
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eduardo Portela De Oliveira
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Kontolemos
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Fahed
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Ghinda D, Dos Santos MP, Sabri A, Iancu D, Lum C, Lesiuk HJ. Clinical and angiographic outcomes of stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms. Interv Neuroradiol 2015; 21:146-54. [PMID: 25953772 DOI: 10.1177/1591019915582152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing use of stent-assisted coiling (SAC), data on its long-term clinical and angiographic results are limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to assess the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes in SAC in our single-center practice. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils during the period 2003-2012. Patients were divided into SAC and non-SAC groups and were analyzed for aneurysm occlusion, major recurrence and clinical outcome. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with clinical/angiographic outcomes (p value <0.05 was statistically significant). RESULTS A total of 516 procedures met inclusion criteria: Sixty-three (12.2%) patients underwent SAC, of whom 56 (89%) had an elective procedure whereas 286 (63.1%) aneurysms from the non-SAC group were ruptured. In the unruptured subcohort, baseline class I was achieved in 24 (38%, p = 0.91), and predischarge modified Rankin scale score (mRS) 0-2 was obtained in 96.4% of cases in the SAC group versus 90.4% in the non-stent group. The major recurrence was 9.5% versus 11.3% in the SAC and non-SAC group, respectively (p = 0.003). At last clinical assessment, 98.2% of the patients from the unruptured SAC group had mRS 0-2 (mean follow-up, 58 months) versus 93.6% (mean follow-up, 56 months) in the unruptured non-SAC group (p = 0.64). Periprocedural vasospasm was associated with long-term poor outcome in the unruptured SAC subcohort (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS SAC and non-SCA techniques show comparable safety and clinical outcome. The SAC technique significantly decreases retreatment rates. Periprocedural vasospasm resulting from vessel manipulation is associated with poor outcome in SAC of unruptured aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ghinda
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marlise Peruzzo Dos Santos
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Armin Sabri
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniela Iancu
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Cheemun Lum
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Howard J Lesiuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Stiell IG, Grimshaw J, Wells GA, Coyle D, Lesiuk HJ, Rowe BH, Brison RJ, Schull MJ, Lee J, Clement CM. A matched-pair cluster design study protocol to evaluate implementation of the Canadian C-spine rule in hospital emergency departments: Phase III. Implement Sci 2007; 2:4. [PMID: 17288613 PMCID: PMC1802999 DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians in Canadian emergency departments (EDs) annually treat 185,000 alert and stable trauma victims who are at risk for cervical spine (C-spine) injury. However, only 0.9% of these patients have suffered a cervical spine fracture. Current use of radiography is not efficient. The Canadian C-Spine Rule is designed to allow physicians to be more selective and accurate in ordering C-spine radiography, and to rapidly clear the C-spine without the need for radiography in many patients. The goal of this phase III study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an active strategy to implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule into physician practice. Specific objectives are to: 1) determine clinical impact, 2) determine sustainability, 3) evaluate performance, and 4) conduct an economic evaluation. METHODS We propose a matched-pair cluster design study that compares outcomes during three consecutive 12-months "before," "after," and "decay" periods at six pairs of "intervention" and "control" sites. These 12 hospital ED sites will be stratified as "teaching" or "community" hospitals, matched according to baseline C-spine radiography ordering rates, and then allocated within each pair to either intervention or control groups. During the "after" period at the intervention sites, simple and inexpensive strategies will be employed to actively implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule. The following outcomes will be assessed: 1) measures of clinical impact, 2) performance of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and 3) economic measures. During the 12-month "decay" period, implementation strategies will continue, allowing us to evaluate the sustainability of the effect. We estimate a sample size of 4,800 patients in each period in order to have adequate power to evaluate the main outcomes. DISCUSSION Phase I successfully derived the Canadian C-Spine Rule and phase II confirmed the accuracy and safety of the rule, hence, the potential for physicians to improve care. What remains unknown is the actual change in clinical behaviors that can be affected by implementation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and whether implementation can be achieved with simple and inexpensive measures. We believe that the Canadian C-Spine Rule has the potential to significantly reduce health care costs and improve the efficiency of patient flow in busy Canadian EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Stiell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jeremy Grimshaw
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - George A Wells
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Doug Coyle
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Howard J Lesiuk
- Divison of Neurosurgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brian H Rowe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Robert J Brison
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Jacques Lee
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine M Clement
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Hewitt KE, Lesiuk HJ, Tauskela JS, Morley P, Durkin JP. Selective coupling of mu-calpain activation with the NMDA receptor is independent of translocation and autolysis in primary cortical neurons. J Neurosci Res 1998; 54:223-32. [PMID: 9788281 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19981015)54:2<223::aid-jnr10>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mu-calpain activation has been linked to several cellular pathologies including excitotoxicity and ischemia. In erythrocytes and other non-central nervous system (CNS) cells, calpain activation is thought to occur following a Ca2+-induced translocation of inactive cytosolic enzyme to membranes and subsequent autolysis. In the present report, we show that transiently exposing primary rat cortical neurons to lethal (50 microM) N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) caused protracted calpain activation, measured as increased spectrin hydrolysis, but this was independent of translocation or autolysis of the protease. An anti-mu-calpain antibody showed that calpain was largely membrane associated in cortical neurons, and, consequently, neither translocation nor autolysis of the protease was observed following ionomycin or lethal NMDA treatment. By contrast, in rat erythrocytes, calpain was largely cytosolic and underwent rapid translocation and autolysis in response to ionomycin. Calpain-mediated spectrin hydrolysis was specifically coupled to Ca2+ entry through the NMDA receptor because nonspecific Ca2+ influx via ionomycin or KCl-mediated depolarization failed to activate the enzyme. Thus, calpain appears selectively linked to glutamate receptors in cortical neurons and regulated by mechanisms distinct from that occurring in many non-CNS cells. The data suggest that intracellular signals coupled to the NMDA receptor are responsible for activating calpain already associated with cellular membranes in cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hewitt
- Cellular Neurobiology Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, University of Ottawa, Ontario
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Buchan AM, Gertler SZ, Li H, Xue D, Huang ZG, Chaundy KE, Barnes K, Lesiuk HJ. A selective N-type Ca(2+)-channel blocker prevents CA1 injury 24 h following severe forebrain ischemia and reduces infarction following focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14:903-10. [PMID: 7929655 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1994.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
SNX-111 (NEUREX Corporation, Menlo Park, CA, U.S.A.) an omega-conopeptide, was tested for cytoprotection following normothermic ischemia using both a four-vessel occlusion model of severe forebrain ischemia and a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion focal ischemia. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 10 min of forebrain ischemia followed by 7 days of reperfusion. A single dose of SNX-111 (5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously following delays of either 6 or 24 h after reperfusion. For 11 rats treated with saline, there was 78 +/- 13% CA1 neuronal injury (mean +/- SD); for 11 given SNX-111 delayed by 6 h, injury was reduced to 35 +/- 30% (p < 0.01); and remarkably, treatment delayed by 24 h (n = 10), still resulted in protection, with only 50 +/- 29% injury (p < 0.05). Adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats had transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery of 1.5- or 2-h duration followed by 22.5 or 22 h of reperfusion, respectively. Rats were randomly assigned to receive either saline or SNX-111 (5 mg/kg i.v.), with treatment starting immediately after reperfusion (1.5-h ischemic group) or at 1 h following the onset of ischemia (2-h ischemic group). In the 1.5-h ischemic group, saline-treated animals sustained 138 +/- 32 mm3 of neocortical infarction (n = 9), and SNX-111 treatment resulted in an infarct reduction to 76 +/- 25 mm3 (n = 9; p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
We tested the abilities of two potent non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate antagonists [2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX)] and [1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylene-dioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazep ine hydrochloride (GYKI 52466)] to reduce neocortical infarction following 2 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in a hypertensive stroke model in the rat and compared these effects against, and in combination with, a potent NMDA antagonist [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-amine maleate (MK-801)]. In Expt. 1, an already established cytoprotective dose of Na(+)-NBQX (30 mg/kg i.p. x 3) was compared with saline (1 ml), the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg i.p. x 3), and a combination of the same doses of both NBQX and MK-801. Initial doses were delayed to 90 min following occlusion with subsequent injections at the time of reperfusion and 30 min following reperfusion. Saline-treated rats sustained 181 +/- 32 mm3 (n = 15) of neocortical infarction (mean +/- SD). This was significantly reduced by NBQX to 137 +/- 25 mm3 (n = 15, p < 0.05) of damage. Neither MK-801 (170 +/- 33 mm3; n = 11) nor the combination of MK-801 and NBQX (169 +/- 20 mm3; n = 6) proved to be cytoprotective when given with a 90-min delay. In Expt. 2, NBQX (30 mg/kg) was dissolved (6 mg/ml) in 5% dextrose and compared with both saline and dextrose (1.2 ml) i.v. infusions given over a 4-h period starting 1 h after occlusion. Saline-treated rats had a mean infarct of 183 +/- 27 mm3 (n = 6), dextrose-treated had 200 +/- 30 mm3 (n = 9), while for NBQX-treated rats it was reduced to 129 +/- 60 mm3 (n = 10, p < 0.05). Intravenous NBQX precipitated into the renal tubules, causing nephrotoxicity. In Expt. 3, rats were given either saline (1 ml i.p.) or GYKI 52466 (10 mg/kg i.p.) at 30 and 90 min following occlusion and at 30, 90, and 150 min following reperfusion. Saline-treated rats sustained 187 +/- 27 mm3 of neocortical infarction (n = 7), while those treated with GYKI 52466 were protected, with 139 +/- 38 mm3 of infarction (n = 7, p < 0.05). A clinically useful role for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate antagonists in embolic stroke is envisaged if nontoxic drugs can be developed, since cerebroprotection was achieved with delayed treatment with both of these lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Xue
- Ottawa Civic Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Sutherland GR, Peeling J, Lesiuk HJ, Brownstone RM, Rydzy M, Saunders JK, Geiger JD. The effects of caffeine on ischemic neuronal injury as determined by magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Neuroscience 1991; 42:171-82. [PMID: 1861772 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90157-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of caffeine on ischemic neuronal injury were determined in rats subjected to forebrain ischemia induced by bilateral carotid occlusion and controlled hypotension (50 mmHg for 10 min). High resolution (100 microns) multi-slice, multi-echo magnetic resonance images were obtained daily for three consecutive days post-operatively in sham-operated rats and in rats that received either saline vehicle (controls), a single i.v. injection of 10 mg/kg caffeine 30 min prior to an ischemic insult (acute caffeine group), or up to 90 mg/kg per day of caffeine for three consecutive weeks prior to an ischemic insult (chronic caffeine group). Rats in the control group exhibited enhanced magnetic resonance image intensity in the striatum 24 h after ischemia which increased in the striatum and also appeared in the hippocampus after 48 h, and which began to resolve in both regions by 72 h post-ischemia. Histopathological analysis of each rat following the final magnetic resonance examination showed that ischemic neuronal injury was strictly confined to the brain regions showing magnetic resonance image changes. Acute caffeine rats showed accelerated changes in the magnetic resonance images, with increased hippocampal intensity appearing at 24 h post-ischemia. Although there was magnetic resonance evidence of accelerated injury, quantitative analysis of the histopathological data at 72 h showed no significant difference in the extent of neuronal injury in any brain region between control-ischemic and acute caffeine rats. Nine out of 11 rats in the chronic caffeine group showed no magnetic resonance image changes over the three study days. Chronic caffeine rats had significantly less neuronal damage in all vulnerable brain regions than either of the other groups of ischemic rats. The accelerated ischemic injury in rats treated with an acute dose of caffeine may occur secondary to antagonism of adenosine receptors, whereas protection from ischemic injury following chronic administration of caffeine may be mediated by up-regulation of adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Sutherland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
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