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Howard A, Myatt A, Hodgson H, Naeem H, Pepple S, Perumal A, Panteli M, Kanakaris N, Giannoudis PV. Retrograde intramedullary nailing or locked plating for stabilisation of distal femoral fractures? A comparative study of 193 patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2024; 34:471-478. [PMID: 37612566 PMCID: PMC10771351 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of distal femoral fracture fixation of two different methods, lateral locking plate (LP) or an Intra-medullary nail (IMN), in patients managed in our institution. More specifically, to assess: (a) if there was a difference in functional outcomes between the LP and IMN groups; (b) whether the rate of complications was different between the two groups. METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2018 adult patients with distal femoral fractures managed in our unit with either LP or IMN for extra and intra-articular fractures were eligible to participate. Demographic details, fracture type, procedures performed, time to union, complications and functional scores (Oxford Knee Score) were recorded and analysed. The mean follow up was 4 years (12-120 months). RESULTS Out of 193 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 93 received an IMN whereas 100 patients were treated with LP. Mean age was 64.2 (18-99) and 70.1 (18-100) for the IMN and LP groups respectively. Overall, the two groups had similar demographics and there was no significant difference in the type of fractures sustained (p > 0.05). The Oxford Knee Score was highest for patients fixed with LP, mean 37.3 (6-48, SD 7.3) versus 28.4 (3-48, SD 14.4), (p = < 0.02) compared to the IMN group. In terms of complications, the rate of non-union was higher in the LP group 8.6% versus 4% in those patients treated with an IMN, p value < 0.01. CONCLUSION While the rate of non-union was higher in the LP group and the functional results were superior in the plating group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Howard
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Leeds General Infirmary University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
- NDORMS, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - A Myatt
- Leeds General Infirmary University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - H Hodgson
- Leeds General Infirmary University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - H Naeem
- Leeds General Infirmary University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S Pepple
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Perumal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Panteli
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds General Infirmary University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - N Kanakaris
- Leeds General Infirmary University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - P V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds General Infirmary University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Naeem H, Naqvi SZH, Hussain J, Abbas N, Hayat S, Arshad L, Ghayas A, Rehman A. Efficacy of Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) Plant Powder on Health, Growth and Carcass Traits of Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica). Braz J Poult Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Naeem
- University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - J Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N Abbas
- Government Graduate College District Jhang Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - S Hayat
- University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - A Ghayas
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Rehman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Kanabar S, Mistry D, Naeem H, Smith R, Zahir F, Kumar A, Gurung YK, Chatterjee A. 528 EVALUATING THE PRESCRIPTION OF OPIATES IN PATIENTS WITH NECK OF FEMUR FRACTURES IN OUT OF HOSPITAL AND EMERGENCY CARE SETTING. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab116.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Opiate based analgesia forms a key component of Hip Fracture management. If prescribed inappropriately, opiate based analgesia can lead to respiratory depression, nephrotoxicity, and delayed recovery. The aim of this project was to evaluate opiate prescription in NOF patients in both out of hospital (OOH) and Emergency Department (ED).
Methods
100 consecutive patients were identified from National Hip Fracture Database between January and August 2019. Medical records were reviewed in both care settings, reviewing dose of morphine in comparison to body weight and renal function. Outcomes measured include constipation, acute kidney injury, respiratory compromise, and mortality. Statistical tests (t-test and chi square) were used to discern significance. Following the first cycle of results, results were disseminated to paramedics and at local governance meetings. Teaching was undertaken to increase awareness of harms associated with inappropriate opiate prescribing. A second cycle evaluated 30 consecutive NOFs from July 2020.
Results
In our study population, 74% were female and the average age was 84. The range of morphine doses given OOH ranged from 2-40 mg, in comparison to 2.5-20 mg in ED. 18% of patient suffered from Respiratory depression with 48 hours of their admission with a further 7% suffering from an acute kidney injury. After intervention, OOH morphine doses ranged between 5-10 mg, a reduction of 75% on maximum dose, with increased use of adjuvants as guided by the WHO pain ladder. No adverse outcomes were noted within 48 hours of admission.
Conclusion
Patient safety should be high on the agenda whilst caring for frail patients with Hip Fractures and opiate prescription is one of the most critical in the patient’s journey. Reducing harm by prescribing the optimal opiates helps to reduce mortality, morbidity, improve rehabilitation and patient flow within the NHS pathways. A guideline has been published to aid opiate prescription in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanabar
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - D Mistry
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - H Naeem
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - R Smith
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - F Zahir
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Y K Gurung
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - A Chatterjee
- Department of Elderly Care Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
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Hazafa A, Mumtaz M, Farooq MF, Bilal S, Chaudhry SN, Firdous M, Naeem H, Ullah MO, Yameen M, Mukhtiar MS, Zafar F. CRISPR/Cas9: A powerful genome editing technique for the treatment of cancer cells with present challenges and future directions. Life Sci 2020; 263:118525. [PMID: 33031826 PMCID: PMC7533657 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death and a major public health problem, universally. According to accumulated data, annually, approximately 8.5 million people died because of the lethality of cancer. Recently, a novel RNA domain-containing endonuclease-based genome engineering technology, namely the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein-9 (Cas9) have been proved as a powerful technique in the treatment of cancer cells due to its multifunctional properties including high specificity, accuracy, time reducing and cost-effective strategies with minimum off-target effects. The present review investigates the overview of recent studies on the newly developed genome-editing strategy, CRISPR/Cas9, as an excellent pre-clinical therapeutic option in the reduction and identification of new tumor target genes in the solid tumors. Based on accumulated data, we revealed that CRISPR/Cas9 significantly inhibited the robust tumor cell growth (breast, lung, liver, colorectal, and prostate) by targeting the oncogenes, tumor-suppressive genes, genes associated to therapies by inhibitors, genes associated to chemotherapies drug resistance, and suggested that CRISPR/Cas9 could be a potential therapeutic target in inhibiting the tumor cell growth by suppressing the cell-proliferation, metastasis, invasion and inducing the apoptosis during the treatment of malignancies in the near future. The present review also discussed the current challenges and barriers, and proposed future recommendations for a better understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fras Farooq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bilal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Nasir Chaudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Musfira Firdous
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Naeem
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Obaid Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yameen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid Mukhtiar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zafar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Nasreen N, Niaz S, Khan A, Zaman MA, Ayaz S, Naeem H, Khan N, Elgorban AM. The potential of Allium sativum and Cannabis sativa extracts for anti-tick activities against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 82:281-294. [PMID: 32886258 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of Allium sativum and Cannabis sativa against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks was evaluated using the adult immersion and the larval packet test. In addition, an in silico approach was utilized by performing a docking study in order to identify the active ingredients from both plants. Results showed a comparatively high lethal effect of A. sativum and C. sativa on egg laying (index of egg laying = 0.26 and 0.24, respectively), egg hatching (33.5 and 37.1, respectively), and total larval mortality (100%, both), at 40 mg/mL. When applied to cattle which had been inoculated with larvae ticks, it was observed that a 45% solution of both herbal extracts significantly reduced the number of ticks by 96 h post treatment. We analyzed in silico 27 known active molecules from both plants and identified in the PubChem database to explore the hypothesis that the effect found on ticks was based on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Vitamin E and cannabidiol are the most potent AChE inhibitors with docking scores of -15.85 and -14.38, respectively. Based on these findings, we conclude that A. sativum and C. sativa may potentially be used for the control of R. microplus, and should be further investigated as a potential supplement to or replacement of synthetic acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan
| | - Adil Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan.
| | | | - Sultan Ayaz
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan
| | - Huma Naeem
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nasrullah Khan
- University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir. Lower, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, PO Box 255, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hazafa A, ur-Rahman K, Haq IU, Jahan N, Mumtaz M, Farman M, Naeem H, Abbas F, Naeem M, Sadiqa S, Bano S. The broad-spectrum antiviral recommendations for drug discovery against COVID-19. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:408-424. [PMID: 32546018 PMCID: PMC7309307 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1770782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite to outbreaks of highly pathogenic beta and alpha coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and human coronavirus, the newly emerged 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered as a lethal zoonotic virus due to its deadly respiratory syndrome and high mortality rate among the human. Globally, more than 3,517,345 cases have been confirmed with 243,401 deaths due to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19. The antiviral drug discovery activity is required to control the persistence of COVID-19 circulation and the potential of the future emergence of coronavirus. However, the present review aims to highlight the important antiviral approaches, including interferons, ribavirin, mycophenolic acids, ritonavir, lopinavir, inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to provoke the nonstructural proteins and deactivate the structural and essential host elements of the virus to control and treat the infection of COVID-19 by inhibiting the viral entry, viral RNA replication and suppressing the viral protein expression. Moreover, the present review investigates the epidemiology, diagnosis, structure, and replication of COVID-19 for better understanding. It is recommended that these proteases, inhibitors, and antibodies could be a good therapeutic option in drug discovery to control the newly emerged coronavirus.HighlightsCOVID-19 has more than 79.5% identical sequence to SARS-CoV and a 96% identical sequence of the whole genome of bat coronaviruses.Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal failure, and septic shock are the possible clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19.Different antivirals, including interferons, ribavirin, lopinavir, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be the potent therapeutic agents against COVID-19.The initial clinical trials on hydroquinone in combination with azithromycin showed an admirable result in the reduction of COVID-19.The overexpression of inflammation response, cytokine dysregulation, and induction of apoptosis could be an well-organized factors to reduce the pathogenicity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil ur-Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram-ul- Haq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Naeem
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sania Sadiqa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nasreen, Khan A, Niaz S, Hassan Shah M, Khan A, Ahmed H, Khattak I, Zeb J, Naeem H, Hassan MA, Ulucesme MC, Ozubek S, Aktas M. Molecular detection of small ruminant piroplasmosis and first report of Theileria luwenshuni (Apicomplexa: Theileridae) in small ruminants of Pakistan. Exp Parasitol 2020; 212:107872. [PMID: 32165145 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Theileriosis is a widespread and economically important disease of small ruminants in Pakistan. Ruminants are the intermediate hosts in the lifecycle of Theileria spp., with ticks of the family Ixodidae being the definitive hosts. To better understand the distribution and prevalence of theileriosis in Pakistan, a molecular survey was performed in small ruminants from the Lower Dir district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. A total of 200 healthy sheep and goats were screened from Maidan, Samar Bagh and Munda districts of district Dir Lower, Pakistan during December (2017) to April (2018). DNA samples were screened through nested PCR using universal primers. The amplified 492-498 bp amplicon was subjected to RLB analysis which was based on the hypervariable of the 18S rRNA gene to test for the presence of genotypes of Theileria in blood samples. A phylogeny was constructed to determine the species of Theileria genotypes. Nested PCR results indicated 53.5% prevalence of one or more Theileria genotypes in the blood of the host animal. From RLB assay, 27 animals (13.5%) showed infection with only a single species of Theileria while 80 animals (40%) showed coinfection by multiple Theileria spp. Based on the 18S rRNA phylogeny, the unknown genotype is of the species Theileria luwenshuni and is closely related to Chinese isolates. The present finding is the first report on molecular diagnosis of Theileria luwenshuni in small ruminants in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan.
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan.
| | - Mir Hassan Shah
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan.
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Irfan Khattak
- College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Jehan Zeb
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Huma Naeem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adeel Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bhawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Mehmet Can Ulucesme
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Turkey
| | - Sezayi Ozubek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Turkey.
| | - Munir Aktas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Turkey.
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Naeem H, Oneeb M, Ashraf K, Rashid MI, Nazir MM, Tabassum S. Insecticide susceptibility status and major detoxifying enzymes activity in Anopheles subpictus from Kasur, Pakistan. Med Vet Entomol 2019; 33:336-344. [PMID: 30779201 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles subpictus s.l. Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) is a malaria vector in South Asia, where insecticides are the mainstay for vector control interventions. Information on any variation in metabolic enzyme levels in mosquitoes is helpful with respect to adapting alternative strategies for vector control. The scarce data on the biochemical basis of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors of Pakistan limit the available information for vector control interventions within the country. The insecticide susceptibility status and its biochemical basis against dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (4%), deltamethrin (0.05%) and permethrin (0.75%) in An. subpictus s.l. collected from all Tehsils of district Kasur were evaluated. For this purpose, a World Health Organization susceptibility bioassay was performed followed by the detection of altered metabolic enzyme activity using biochemical assays. Similarly, a significant difference in knock-down effect was observed among field collected and susceptible strain against all insecticides 24 h post exposure. The overall mean mortality rates of DDT, deltamethrin and permethrin were 27.86% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 29.65-26.06], 44.89% (95% CI = 46.23-43.54) and 78.82% (95% CI = 80.16-77.47), respectively. The biochemical assays revealed an elevated level of metabolic enzymes in the field population. The results provide evidence of resistance against organochlorine and pyrethroid groups in a field population of An. subpictus s.l. from district Kasur mediated by multiple metabolic mechanisms, including acetylcholinesterases, esterases, cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Naeem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Oneeb
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M I Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M M Nazir
- Department of Pathobiology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Tabassum
- Department of Statistics, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
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Khan A, Nasreen N, Niaz S, Ayaz S, Naeem H, Muhammad I, Said F, Mitchell RD, de León AAP, Gupta S, Kumar S. Acaricidal efficacy of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) and Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) against Rhipicephalus microplus from Mardan, Pakistan. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 78:595-608. [PMID: 31367977 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used by traditional folk healers, modern physicians, and veterinarians as an alternative to conventional drugs to treat a wide range of disorders including parasitic diseases. Some compounds from these plants have been shown to have acaricidal activity and repel arthropods. The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most destructive pests to the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The potential to develop herbal acaricides to control R. microplus infestations is critical in maintaining cattle herd productivity, reducing economic losses, and curtailing the overuse of synthetic chemical acaricides. Calotropis procera, the apple of Sodom, and Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion, were evaluated for acaricidal activity against R. microplus larvae and adults in vitro. Both plant species tested are common indigenous species of Pakistan where R. microplus infestations are widespread across livestock species including cattle, sheep, and goats. Whole-plant extracts derived from C. procera and T. officinale significantly reduced the index of egg laying (P < 0.01) and increased the percent inhibition of oviposition of adult female ticks at a concentration of 40 mg/mL when assessed by the adult immersion test (AIT). Calotropis procera and T. officinale treatments at the same concentration also resulted in larval mortality of 96.0% ± 0.57 and 96.7% ± 0.88, respectively, as measured using the larval packet test (LPT). An increasing range of extract concentrations was tested to determine the LD50 and LD90 for C. procera, 3.21 and 21.15 mg/mL, respectively, and T. officinale, 4.04 and 18.92 mg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that further studies are warranted to determine the relative contribution of individual phytochemicals from whole-plant extracts on acaricidal activity. This information will guide the design of further acaricidal efficacy tests using livestock infested with R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan.
| | - Nasreen Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ayaz
- College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Huma Naeem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Muhammad
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2320, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Said
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Robert D Mitchell
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - Adalberto A Pérez de León
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
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Naeem H, Sana M, Islam S, Khan M, Riaz F, Zafar Z, Akbar H, Shehzad W, Rashid I. Induction of Th1 type-oriented humoral response through intranasal immunization of mice with SAG1-Toxoplasma gondii polymeric nanospheres. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 46:1025-1034. [PMID: 29873522 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1478421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About one-third of the world population is prone to have infection with T. gondii, which can cause toxoplasmosis in the developing fetus and in people whose immune system is compromised through disease or chemotherapy. Surface antigen-1 (SAG1) is the candidate of vaccine against toxoplasmosis. Recent advances in biotechnology and nano-pharmaceuticals have made possible to formulate nanospheres of recombinant protein, which are suitable for sub-unit vaccine delivery. In current study, the local strain was obtained from cat feces as toxoplasma oocysts. Amplified 957 bp of SAG1 was cloned into pGEM-T and further sub-cloned into pET28-SAG1. BL21 bacteria were induced at different concentrations of isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside for the expression of rSAG1 protein. An immunoblot was developed for the confirmation of recombinant protein expression at 35 kDa that was actually recognized by anti-HIS antibodies and sera were collected from infected mice. PLGA encapsulated nanospheres of recombinant SAG1 were characterized through scanning electron microscopy. Experimental mice were intraperitoneally immunized with rSAG1 protein and intra-nasally immunized with nanosphere. The immune response was evaluated by indirect ELISA. In results intra-nasally administered rSAG1 in nanospheres appeared to elicit elevated responses of specific IgA and IgG2a than in control. Nanospheres of rSAG1 are found to be a bio-compatible candidate for the development of vaccine against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Naeem
- a Department of Parasitology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Madiha Sana
- a Department of Parasitology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Saher Islam
- b Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Matiullah Khan
- a Department of Parasitology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Farooq Riaz
- a Department of Parasitology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Zafar
- b Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- a Department of Parasitology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Wasim Shehzad
- b Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- a Department of Parasitology , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
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Naeem H, Ajmal M, Muntha S, Ambreen J, Siddiq M. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide sheets integrated with gold nanoparticles and their applications to adsorptive removal and catalytic reduction of water contaminants. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3599-3610. [PMID: 35542905 PMCID: PMC9077651 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12030c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the facile synthesis of graphene oxide–gold (GO–Au) nanocomposites and their use as adsorbents for the removal of toxic industrial dyes from water and as catalysts for the individual and simultaneous reduction of a dye and a nitro compound in aqueous medium. GO sheets were prepared using a modified Hummers method while Au nanoparticles were integrated on GO sheets by reducing Au(iii) ions on the surfaces of GO sheets using sodium citrate as a reducing agent. The prepared composite was characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The GO–Au nanocomposite demonstrated efficient adsorption capacities and recyclability for malachite green (MG) and ethyl violet (EV) dyes. The effects of various experimental parameters including temperature, pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose were studied. From the simulation of experimental data with different adsorption isotherms and kinetic models it was found that the adsorption of both the dyes followed the Freundlich adsorption model and a pseudo-second order kinetic model, respectively. Moreover, the adsorbent showed better recyclability for both dyes without any compromise on the removal efficiency. Similarly, the catalytic performance for the reduction of 2-nitroaniline (2-NA) has been investigated in detail by using the prepared nanocomposite as a catalyst. Most importantly, we reported the simultaneous adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from water using the prepared nanocomposite as well as the simultaneous catalytic reduction of a mixture of EV and 2-NA. So, considering the facile synthesis process and the efficient removal of a variety of dyes and the catalytic performance this work opens up a tremendous opportunity to bring GO based nanocomposites from experimental research to practically applied materials for wastewater treatment. Preparation of graphene oxide–gold (GO–Au) nanocomposites as adsorbents and catalysts for decontamination of water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Naeem
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - M. Ajmal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wah
- Wah Cantt
- Pakistan
| | - S. Muntha
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - J. Ambreen
- Department of Physics
- COMSATS Institute of Technology
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - M. Siddiq
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
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