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Yi SH, Xiong WJ, Cao XX, Sun CY, Du J, Wang HH, Wang L, Niu T, Jiang ZX, Wei YQ, Xue H, Chu HL, Qiu LG, Li J. [Diagnosis and treatment understanding of Waldenström macroglobulinemia in China: a cross-sectional study]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:148-155. [PMID: 38604791 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20231017-00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a nationwide physician survey to better understand clinicians' disease awareness, treatment patterns, and experience of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022 by recruiting clinicians with WM treatment experience from hematology, hematology-oncology, and oncology departments throughout China. Quantitative surveys were designed based on the qualitative interviews. Results: The study included 415 clinicians from 219 hospitals spread across thirty-three cities and twenty-two provinces. As for diagnosis, the laboratory tests prescribed by physicians for suspected WM patients were relatively consistent (92% -99% recommendation for laboratory, 79% -95% recommendation for pathology, 96% recommendation for gene testing, and 63% -83% recommendation for imaging examination). However, from a physician's perspective, there was 22% misdiagnosis occurred in clinical practice. The rate of misdiagnosis was higher in lower-level hospitals than in tertiary grade A hospitals (29% vs 21%, P<0.001). The main reasons for misdiagnosis were that WM was easily confused with other diseases, and physicians lacked the necessary knowledge to make an accurate diagnosis. In terms of gene testing in clinical practice, 96% of participating physicians believed that WM patients would require gene testing for MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations because the results of gene testing would aid in confirming diagnosis and treatment options. In terms of treatment, 55% of physicians thought that the most important goal was to achieve remission, while 54% and 51% of physicians wanted to improve laboratory and/or examination results and extend overall survival time, respectively. Among patients with treatment indications, physicians estimated that approximately 21% of them refused to receive treatment, mainly owing to a lack of affordable care and disease awareness. When selecting the most appropriate treatment regimens, physicians would consider patient affordability (63% ), comorbidity (61% ), and risk level (54% ). Regimens containing Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) were most widely recommended for both treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory patients (94% for all patients, 95% for treatment-naïve patients, and 75% for relapsed/refractory patients), and most physicians recommended Ibrutinib (84% ). For those patients who received treatment, physicians reported that approximately 23% of patients did not comply with the treatment regimen due to a lack of affordability and disease awareness. Furthermore, 66% of physicians believe that in the future, increasing disease awareness and improving diagnosis rates is critical. Conclusions: This study is the first national physician survey of WM conducted in China. It systematically describes the issues that exist in WM diagnosis and treatment in China, such as a high rate of misdiagnosis, limited access to gene testing and new drugs, and poor patient adherence to treatment. Chinese doctors believe that improving doctors' and patients' understanding of WM is one of the most urgent issues that must be addressed right now.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - W J Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - X X Cao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - C Y Sun
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - J Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - H H Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - L Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - T Niu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Z X Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Y Q Wei
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - H Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071030, China
| | - H L Chu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - L G Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - J Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Yueh HZ, Chu HL, Lu SC, Lee YJ, Lin CH. The role of vestibular function tests in nontuberculous mycobacterial otomastoiditis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37007. [PMID: 38306553 PMCID: PMC10843242 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), an extremely rare pathogen causing cervicofacial infections, may result in permanent hearing impairment or intracranial complications. Due to the lack of specific manifestations during the initial onset of NTM otomastoiditis, physicians may misdiagnose it as cholesteatoma or other common bacterial infections. PATIENT CONCERNS A 44-year-old male who complained of left-sided aural fullness, otalgia, and dizziness for 2 months. DIAGNOSIS The initial diagnosis was hypothesized to be cholesteatoma based on a whitish mass with mucoid discharge filling the entire outer ear canal on otoscopy and left-sided mixed hearing loss. However, NTM was identified by microbial culture at the 2-month follow-up after surgery. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent a left-sided exploratory tympanotomy. Because NTM otomastoiditis was diagnosed, 3 weeks of starting therapies were administered with azithromycin (500 mg/day, oral administration), cefoxitin (3 g/day, intravenous drip), and amikacin (750 mg/day, intravenous drip). The maintenance therapies were azithromycin (500 mg/day, oral administration) and doxycycline (200 mg/day, oral administration) for 7 months. OUTCOMES The patient's clinical condition improved initially after surgery, but the otomastoiditis gradually worsened, combined with subtle meningitis, 2 months after surgery. The external auditory canal became swollen and obstructed, making it difficult to monitor the treatment efficacy through otoscopy. Thus, we used regular vestibular function tests, including static posturography, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and video Head Impulse Test, to assess recovery outcomes. After antibiotic treatment, the infectious symptoms subsided significantly, and there was no evidence of infection recurrence 7 months after treatment. Improvements in static posturography and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were compatible with the clinical manifestations, but video Head Impulse Test showed an unremarkable correlation. LESSONS The clinical condition of NTM otomastoiditis may be evaluated using vestibular tests if patients have symptoms of dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hann-Ziong Yueh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lun Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuarn-Jang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhao YM, Chu HL. [How to write a clinical research paper that can be published]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:2658-2661. [PMID: 34510870 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210510-01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A clinical research paper which could be published should be based on a qualified clinical research, which includes a reasonable topic from clinical settings, concentrating resources to answer a question, having new findings and drawing concrete conclusions. The author should prepare a scientific story, which originates from clinical scenarios, with working hypothesis and research design, standardized organization and implementation, reasonable analysis and evaluation. The conclusion should be based on the research results, and go back to the problems and needs to form a closed loop. The key point of writing a clinical research paper is to provide complete information and show a complete research process according to the writing format and specification of the paper. Finally, the key points of the current paper help avoid detours and improve the probability of paper publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Chu
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Sun X, Li D, Guo Y, Chu HL, Sun XY, Yang YP. [Effects of mobile health intervention on early knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized controlled study]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 58:936-941. [PMID: 33249812 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20200723-00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the early clinical effects of home-based mobile health intervention on knee joint function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction alone at the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital from April 2019 to December 2019 were elected in the trial. Patients were divided into the intervention group and the control group according to random number method. The control group only received the guidance of the traditional paper rehabilitation schedule, while the intervention group also received personalized guidance of electronic rehabilitation prescription and follow-up notice delivered by a WeChat Mini Program Rehabilitation Cloud Platform in addition to the traditional guidance. Joint range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale (VAS) and thigh circumference difference were assessed before and after the operation. Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of data between groups, and chi-square test was used for comparison of enumeration data. Results: One hundred and twenty five patients were enrolled in the trial, including 99 males and 26 females, with an average age of 29.0 years (range:18 to 45 years) and an average body mass index of 24.8 kg/m(2) (range:15.8 to 36.6 kg/m(2)). At 6 weeks, follow-up was available in 106 cases the target-reach rate of ROM in control group was 42.6%(23/54), which was 67.3%(35/52) in the intervention group, the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=6.53, P=0.01); VAS of the intervention group was 2.5(2.0), lower than that of the control group 3.0(2.0)(M(Q(R))), the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.06,P=0.04); And the thigh circumference difference of the intervention group was 2.0(2.0)cm lower than that of the control group 3.0(1.8)cm, the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.00, P<0.01). Conclusion: Mobile health intervention can improve the early postoperative rehabilitation effect after ACL construction and the ROM of the knee joint, and reduce the bent-knee pain along with the thigh circumference difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - D Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Chu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y P Yang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Sun ZH, Wu ZZ, Dang WM, Wang SW, Lin L, Chu HL, Zhou JP, Zhou TH, Li SH, Yu X. [An investigation of mental health in migrant workers in an enterprise]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2016; 34:591-595. [PMID: 27682666 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the mental health status in migrant workers in a labor-intensive enterprise and related influencing factors. Methods: Typical sampling was used to perform an investigation in 910 migrant workers in a large foreign-funded labor-intensive enterprise in Shenzhen, China. All the respondents gave informed consent and completed the questionnaire independently and anonymously. The self-reported mental health status was evaluated using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and General Health Questionnaire. Results: Of all the migrant workers in this enterprise, 7.2% had a positive self-reported anxiety symptom, 25.4% had a moderate or severe self-reported depression symptom, and 76.4% had a poor self-reported general health status. Age had significant influence on the self-reported depression symptom (χ2=21.968, P<0.05) ; age did not have significant influence on the self-reported anxiety and general health status (χ2=6.616、12.498, both P>0.05) . The knowledge of occupational hazards had significant influence on mental health status (χ2Depression=47.289, χ2General health=21.087, both P<0.05) . The feeling of work had significant influence on self-reported depression and general health status (χ2Depression=52.406, χ2General health=17.327, both P<0.05) . Attention to self mental health had significant influence on self-reported depression (χ2=17.714, P<0.05) , and whether the person wanted to learn the knowledge of mental health had significant influence on self-reported anxiety (χ2= 6.145, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The self-reported mental health status in migrant workers is poor and is associated with age, worry about exposure to occupational hazard factors, emphasis on mental health knowledge, and a focus on personal mental health. Therefore, targeted occupational health education and occupational mental health education should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Sun
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
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Chu HL, Yip BS, Chen KH, Yu HY, Chih YH, Cheng HT, Chou YT, Cheng JW. Novel antimicrobial peptides with high anticancer activity and selectivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126390. [PMID: 25970292 PMCID: PMC4430538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a strategy to boost anticancer activity and reduce normal cell toxicity of short antimicrobial peptides by adding positive charge amino acids and non-nature bulky amino acid β-naphthylalanine residues to their termini. Among the designed peptides, K4R2-Nal2-S1 displayed better salt resistance and less toxicity to hRBCs and human fibroblast than Nal2-S1 and K6-Nal2-S1. Fluorescence microscopic studies indicated that the FITC-labeled K4R2-Nal2-S1 preferentially binds cancer cells and causes apoptotic cell death. Moreover, a significant inhibition in human lung tumor growth was observed in the xenograft mice treated with K4R2-Nal2-S1. Our strategy provides new opportunities in the development of highly effective and selective antimicrobial and anticancer peptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Lun Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Bak-Sau Yip
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hao Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Chih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Tsung Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JWC); (YTC)
| | - Jya-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JWC); (YTC)
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Yu HY, Yip BS, Tu CH, Chen HL, Chu HL, Chih YH, Cheng HT, Sue SC, Cheng JW. Correlations between membrane immersion depth, orientation, and salt-resistance of tryptophan-rich antimicrobial peptides. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2013; 1828:2720-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chu HL, Liu TY, Lin SY. Effect of cyanide concentrations on the secondary structures of protein in the crude homogenates of the fish gill tissue. Aquat Toxicol 2001; 55:171-176. [PMID: 11595307 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cyanide concentrations on the secondary conformation of protein in the fish gill homogenate was determined using an attenuated total reflectance (ATR)/Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. Gills from male Tilapia zillii were isolated and homogenized in pH 8.0 Tris buffer solution and subjected to FT-IR study. The results indicate that the amide I and III bands of protein in fish gill homogenate deformed markedly with the increase of cyanide concentration. The fish gill homogenate shows a maximum peak at 1650 cm(-1) in amide I band, suggesting the predominant proportion of alpha-helical conformation. Once the KCN was added into the gill homogenate, the maximum peak shifted gradually from 1650 to 1643 cm(-1) due to the random coil structure, with the increase of cyanide concentration used. Two additional shoulders at 1657 (alpha-helix) and 1627 (beta-sheet) cm(-1) also appeared gradually, implying that the cyanide can in part induce changes in protein conformation of fish gill homogenate from alpha-helix to random coil and beta-sheet conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Chu
- Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chu HL, Lin SY. Temperature-induced conformational changes in amyloid beta(1-40) peptide investigated by simultaneous FT-IR microspectroscopy with thermal system. Biophys Chem 2001; 89:173-80. [PMID: 11254210 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(00)00228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent secondary structures of the amyloid beta(1-40) peptide in the solid state were studied by simultaneous Fourier transform infrared/differential scanning calorimetry (FT-IR/DSC) microspectroscopic system with the heating-cooling-reheating cycle. The result indicates that a thermal transition temperature at 45 degrees C was easily obtained from the three-dimensional plot of the transmission FT-IR spectra as a function of temperature. Furthermore, the thermal-dependent conformational transformations, due to denaturation and aggregation, of solid amyloid beta(1-40) were mainly evidenced by reducing the compositions from 37 to 20-24% for alpha-helical and random coil structures but increasing the components from 27 to 45% for intermolecular beta-sheet structures. Thermal-irreversible behavior and a poor thermal stability of solid amyloid beta(1-40) were also observed from the poor restoration of the secondary conformational changes in the heated sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Chu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan
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Randolph A, Chamberlain SH, Chu HL, Retzios AD, Markland FS, Masiarz FR. Amino acid sequence of fibrolase, a direct-acting fibrinolytic enzyme from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom. Protein Sci 1992; 1:590-600. [PMID: 1304358 PMCID: PMC2142229 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560010505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of fibrolase, a fibrinolytic enzyme from southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) venom, has been determined. This is the first report of the sequence of a direct-acting, nonhemorrhagic fibrinolytic enzyme found in snake venom. The majority of the sequence was established by automated Edman degradation of overlapping peptides generated by a variety of selective cleavage procedures. The amino-terminus is blocked by a cyclized glutamine (pyroglutamic acid) residue, and the sequence of this region of the molecule was determined by mass spectrometry. Fibrolase is composed of 203 residues in a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 22,891, as determined by the sequence. Its sequence is homologous to the sequence of the hemorrhagic toxin Ht-d of Crotalus atrox venom and with the sequences of two metalloproteinases from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom. Microheterogeneity in the sequence was found at both the amino-terminus and at residues 189 and 192. All six cysteine residues in fibrolase are involved in disulfide bonds. A disulfide bond between cysteine-118 and cysteine-198 has been established and bonds between cysteines-158/165 and between cysteines-160/192 are inferred from the homology to Ht-d. Secondary structure prediction reveals a very low percentage of alpha-helix (4%), but much greater beta-structure (39.5%). Analysis of the sequence reveals the absence of asparagine-linked glycosylation sites defined by the consensus sequence: asparagine-X-serine/threonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Randolph
- Chiron Research Laboratories, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608
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Abstract
A comparison of right-angled and opposing oblique-angled end-to-side microvascular anastomoses with both patent and occluded recipient vessels was performed in rats. Patency rates after 3 weeks were comparable in all types of anastomoses (average, 92%). However, scanning electron microscopic evaluation revealed a variety of both nonspecific (pits, craters, folds, etc.) and angle-dependent (mounds, erosions, bridges, etc.) endothelial alterations. It is concluded that, in proximally patent recipient vessels, the functional integrity of the anastomosis is not related to the grafting angle; however, in proximally occluded recipient vessels, retrograde-directed oblique angles may lead to progressive embarrassment of anastomotic function.
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Winston DJ, Ho WG, Rasmussen LE, Lin CH, Chu HL, Merigan TC, Gale RP. Use of intravenous immune globulin in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. J Clin Immunol 1982; 2:42S-47S. [PMID: 6282926 DOI: 10.1007/bf00918366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia or aplastic are a great risk for the development of interstitial pneumonia associated with the cytomegalovirus (CMV). Passive immunization with a CMV immune plasma has been found to be effective for the prevention of interstitial pneumonia after marrow transplantation. Because of the limited availability of high-titered CMV plasma, we studied the kinetics of CMV antibody in bone marrow transplant patients receiving immune globulin intravenous, 5%, in 10% maltose (IGIV). Several lots of IGIV had CMV radioimmunoassay (RIA) antibody titers (1:30,000) comparable to the CMV antibody titers in the CMV immune plasma. A single infusion of 20 cc/kg of IGIV produced a mean peak CMV RIA antibody titer of 1:9,500. This titer fell to 1:1,000 after seven days. These antibody titers were approximately two-to three-fold lower than the CMV RIA antibody titers achieved after a 10 cc/kg dose of the CMV immune plasma. Administration of IGIV at doses lower than 20 cc/kg produced correspondingly lesser increases in the CMV antibody titers of recipients. At all doses, IGIV was well tolerated and caused no significant biochemical abnormalities. Some patients experienced mild elevation of their serum glucose levels and asymptomatic glycosuria. We are presently evaluating the efficacy of IGIV (20 cc/kg given once every week) for the modification of CMV infection and prevention of interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation in a randomized, controlled study. The effects of IGIV on the incidence and outcome of bacterial, fungal, and other viral infections are also being analyzed.
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