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Kwak IH, Kim YE, Kang SY, Lee JS, Lee J, Kim MS, Yea DA, Ma HI. Comparative Olfactory Profiles in Parkinson's Disease and Drug-Induced Parkinsonism. J Mov Disord 2024; 17:64-70. [PMID: 37798852 PMCID: PMC10846967 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is a frequently encountered diagnostic possibility when considering Parkinson's disease (PD). While olfactory dysfunction is a common clinical feature in PD, the comparison of olfactory function between the two conditions remains insufficient. This study aimed to compare olfactory function, including threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) profiles, between PD and DIP. METHODS Consecutive patients with drug-naïve PD (n = 78) or DIP (n = 31) confirmed through dopamine transporter imaging were enrolled in this study. The YSK olfactory function (YOF) test, composed of TDI domains culturally familiar odorants to Koreans, was administered to all patients. RESULTS In the study population, patients with DIP were significantly older than patients with PD. Over 70% of patients in each group had hyposmia or anosmia, and there was no significant difference in the occurrence of olfactory dysfunction between the two groups. In addition, there were no differences in the total YOF score and threshold score between the two groups. Meanwhile, the PD group had a significantly lower discrimination and identification score than the DIP group after adjusting for age, sex, the existence of diabetes, disease duration, and cognitive function. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that detailed olfactory profiles are different in PD and DIP, even though olfactory dysfunction can be observed in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hee Kwak
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Suk Yun Kang
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Joong Seob Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jeongjae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min Seung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Dong A Yea
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeo-il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Lai TT, Kim YJ, Ma HI, Kim YE. Evidence of Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease and Its Contribution to Synucleinopathy. J Mov Disord 2022; 15:1-14. [PMID: 35124957 PMCID: PMC8820875 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein in neurons is a renowned pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that activated inflammatory responses are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the interaction between inflammation and synucleinopathy in relation to the PD process will facilitate the development of promising disease-modifying therapies. In this review, the evidence of inflammation in PD is discussed, and human, animal, and laboratory studies relevant to the relationship between inflammation and αSyn are explored as well as new therapeutic targets associated with this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyeo-il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Corresponding author: Young Eun Kim, MD Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongangu, Anyang 14068, Korea / Tel: +82-31-380-3740 / E-mail:
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Sung YH, Kim JS, Yoo SW, Shin NY, Nam Y, Ahn TB, Yoo D, Lee KM, Kim HG, Koh SB, Kim J, Kim I, Kwon DY, Lee Y, Kim C, Chung SJ, Jo S, Lee SH, Kim SJ, Kim M, Lyoo CH, Baek MS, Kang SY, Chang SK, Jo SW, Lee SA, Ma HI, Kim YE, Kim ES, Kim YJ, Kim HS, Woo MH, Choi HJ, Kim EY. A prospective multi-centre study of susceptibility map-weighted MRI for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:3597-3608. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nguyen LTN, Nguyen HD, Kim YJ, Nguyen TT, Lai TT, Lee YK, Ma HI, Kim YE. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Considerations. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:2117-2133. [PMID: 35988226 PMCID: PMC9661339 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with two main pathological features: misfolded α-synuclein protein accumulation and neurodegeneration. Inflammation has recently been identified as a contributor to a cascade of events that may aggravate PD pathology. Inflammasomes, a group of intracellular protein complexes, play an important role in innate immune responses to various diseases, including infection. In PD research, accumulating evidence suggests that α-synuclein aggregations may activate inflammasomes, particularly the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich repeat-pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) type, which exacerbates inflammation in the central nervous system by secreting proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. Afterward, activated NLRP3 triggers local microglia and astrocytes to release additional IL-1β. In turn, the activated inflammatory process may contribute to additional α-synuclein aggregation and cell loss. This review summarizes current research evidence on how the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to PD pathogenesis, as well as potential therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Huu Dat Nguyen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Tinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Hyeo-il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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Kao JH, Chen SL, Ma HI, Law PY, Tao PL, Loh HH. Intrathecal delivery of a mutant micro-opioid receptor activated by naloxone as a possible antinociceptive paradigm. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:739-45. [PMID: 20554907 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.165399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct injection of double-stranded adeno-associated virus type 2 (dsAAV2) with a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) mutant [S4.45(196)A], and a reporter protein (enhanced green fluorescent protein) into the spinal cord (S2/S3) dorsal horn region of ICR mice resulted in antinociceptive responses to systemic injection of opioid antagonist naloxone without altering the acute agonist morphine responses and no measurable tolerance or dependence development during subchronic naloxone treatment. To develop further such mutant MORs into a therapeutic agent in pain management, a less invasive method for virus delivery is needed. Thus, in current studies, the dsAAV2 was locally injected into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord by intrathecal administration. Instead of using the MORS196A mutant, we constructed the dsAAV2 vector with the MORS196ACSTA mutant, a receptor mutant in which naloxone has been shown to exhibit full agonistic properties in vitro. After 2 weeks of virus injection, naloxone (10 mg/kg s.c.) elicited antinociceptive effect (determined by tail-flick test) without tolerance (10 mg/kg s.c., b.i.d. for 6 days) and significant withdrawal symptoms. On the other hand, subchronic treatment with morphine (10 mg/kg s.c., b.i.d.) for 6 days induced significant tolerance (4.8-fold) and withdrawal symptoms. Furthermore, we found that morphine, but not naloxone, induced the rewarding effects (determined by conditioned place preference test). These data suggest that local expression of MORS196ACSTA in spinal cord and systemic administration of naloxone has the potential to be developed into a new strategy in the management of pain without addiction liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE When teaching clients a multistep functional task, therapists tend to break down the task into part tasks with discrete movements. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic performance between part and whole tasks in elderly persons. METHOD A counterbalanced repeated-measures design was used. Twenty elderly persons without motor problems (7 men, 13 women) performed a signature task in two conditions. For the part-task condition, the participants did the task in a step-by-step manner: (a) reach for a pen, (b) bring the pen to the paper, and (c) sign the name. For the whole-task condition, the participants performed the task in an integrated continuous flow. Kinematic performances for two movement segments (i.e., reaching for the pen, bringing the pen to the paper) were compared between conditions. RESULTS Generally, the whole-task condition elicited a more efficient, more forceful, and smoother movement than the part-task condition. CONCLUSION The results suggest the importance of keeping a multistep functional task whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Ma
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Tsai TH, Chen SL, Chiang YH, Lin SZ, Ma HI, Kuo SW, Tsao YP. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector expressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reduces ischemia-induced damage. Exp Neurol 2000; 166:266-75. [PMID: 11085892 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To explore the potential of using the recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector, expressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) as the gene therapy for stroke, we injected rAAV vectors expressing GDNF (rAAV-GDNF) into the cortex of rats which had been experiencing transient bilateral common carotid artery ligation and right middle cerebral artery ligation for 90 min. GDNF levels in cortical tissues of rAAV-GDNF-injected animals were significantly higher than in the control animals injected with rAAV-expressing lacZ (rAAV-lacZ), indicating that rAAV can deliver and express the GDNF gene in cortical tissues. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride tissue stain analysis revealed that the rAAV-delivered GDNF gene could rescue the brain tissues from ischemia-induced injury. Cortical tissues which received rAAV-GDNF injections had both significantly smaller total volumes of infarction and smaller areas of infarction on each brain slice than those which were injected with rAAV-lacZ. An in situ labeling analysis demonstrated significantly less apoptotic cells in cortical tissues rescued by rAAV-GDNF, indicating prevention of apoptosis as the mechanism of cortical cell protection. Moreover, immunohistochemistry staining of Neu-N indicated that the rescued brain tissues contained the same number of Neu-N-positive neuronal cells as contralateral undamaged brain tissues. This provides strong evidence that cortical neuronal cells can be rescued by GDNF gene therapy. Indeed, these findings show that the rAAV is a potential delivery vector of GDNF gene for the therapy of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major concern of occupational therapy is the identification of context characteristics that optimize performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of context on skill acquisition and transfer. METHOD Forty college students without disabilities (12 men, 28 women) were randomly assigned to the task of learning to use chopsticks in either a natural or a simulated context. Each participant practiced 60 trials in an acquisition phase on 1 day and was tested on a transfer task 24 hr after the acquisition phase. Their performances in the acquisition and transfer phases were measured with the variables of success rate and reaching kinematics. RESULTS The natural context elicited significantly larger improvement of success rate in the acquisition phase and a significantly higher success rate in the transfer phase than the simulated context. No major difference was found in kinematic variables between the two contexts. CONCLUSION These results suggested the use of natural contexts to facilitate the outcome of motor skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Ma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Abstract
We monitored the compositional change of host RNA polymerase in Xp 10 infected cells by one-step immunoprecipitation with core enzyme-specific antiserum. Results showed a rapid loss of sigma subunit from the RNA polymerase complex by 3 min after infection. In addition, some putative binding proteins were reduced to various extents. In contrast, increasing levels of several other polypeptides were detected. The de novo host protein synthesis was inhibited within 1 min after Xp 10 infection. On the other hand, a sequential expression of phage specific proteins was found and can be categorized as early, middle, and late stage. The alteration of host RNA polymerase and the shutdown of early class proteins took place in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Yang
- Institutes of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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