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Varbanov M, Bertrand I, Philippot S, Retourney C, Gardette M, Hartard C, Jeulin H, Duval RE, Loret JF, Schvoerer E, Gantzer C. Somatic coliphages are conservative indicators of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation during heat and alkaline pH treatments. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:149112. [PMID: 34346352 PMCID: PMC8280372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome have been described in wastewater and sewage sludge. It raises the question of the security of land sludge disposal practices during a pandemic. This study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2's resistance to the main inactivating factors in sludge treatments, pH and heat, to that of native wastewater somatic coliphages. The latest can be easily used as an indicator of treatment efficiency in the field. The effects of heat treatment and pH on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 and somatic coliphages were investigated in simple media. The T90 value (time required for a 90% reduction in the virus or a 1 × log10 decline) at 50 °C was about 4 min for infectious SARS-CoV-2, and around 133 min for infectious somatic coliphages, with no decrease in SARS-CoV-2 genome. For infectious SARS-CoV-2, a slight decrease (<1 log10 unit) was observed at pH 9 or 10 for 10 min; the decrease was over 5 log10 units at pH 11. However, both SARS-CoV-2 genome and infectious somatic coliphages decreased by less than 1 log10 unit at pH 12. All thermal or pH-based treatments that can remove or significantly reduce infectious somatic coliphages (>4 log10) can be considered efficient treatments for infectious SARS-CoV-2. We concluded that somatic coliphages can be considered highly conservative and easy to use indicators of the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 during treatments based on heat and alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Varbanov
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - I Bertrand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - S Philippot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - C Retourney
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - M Gardette
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - C Hartard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - H Jeulin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - R E Duval
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - J-F Loret
- SUEZ, CIRSEE, 38 rue du Président Wilson, F-78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - E Schvoerer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - C Gantzer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Marniquet ME, Conrad S, Musquer M, Alliot-Licht B, Corre P, Bertrand I, Barbarot S. Hyperkératose diffuse, atteinte cornéenne et parodontale due à une mutation dans NRLP1. Efficacité du traitement par anakinra. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bordet C, Brice S, Maupain C, Gandjbakhch E, Bertrand I, Palmyre A, Moerman A, Toutain A, Odent S, Brehin AC, Staraci S, Richard P, Tezenas Du Montcel S, Gargiulo M, Charron P. P891Psycho-social impact of predictive genetic testing in hereditary heart diseases (PREDICT Study). Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Hereditary heart diseases are most often characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and delayed cardiac expression. Predictive genetic testing is offered to asymptomatic relatives to allow targeted medical care with early therapeutics in order to reduce the risk of complications. Psychological issues and socio-professional impact of predictive testing are complex and have been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological and socio-professional impact of predictive genetic testing in hereditary heart diseases through a prospective and retrospective study.
Patients and methods
This multicentric French study involved 20 expert centers in hereditary heart diseases. We included 517 adult relatives (42.3±16.7 years, 60.6% females) who performed predictive genetic testing (prospective study: N=264, retrospective study: N=253). The opinion and experience were collected via auto-questionnaires, at various moments in the prospective study, with different items and validated scales (STAI: score for anxiety and IES: impact of event).
Results
In the prospective study, family history was characterized by cardiomyopathy (88.4%) and channelopathies (11.6%). The main motivations for performing the test were: “to remove doubt” (65.3%), “for children” (64.0%), “to benefit from medical supervision” (34.9%). A mutation was present in 39.4% of relatives. No regret was expressed after testing (only 2.3% regrets). The result did not lead to a socio-professional change or family relationship change in 60.7%. Among those who had a change, it was perceived as unfavorable for only 3%. A change in socio-professional status and/or family relationship was mainly related to the result of genetic testing (p<0.0001). The level of anxiety (STAI scale) increased before the test result but then decreased and returned to baseline. Subjects with depression history were more likely to develop anxiety at long term after multivariate analyses (p=0.004). Quite similar results were observed in the retrospective study.
Conclusions
Our results show that contrary to a widespread opinion, the medical benefit was not the main motivation for predictive genetic testing. In most cases, no or marginal adverse psychological and socio-professional impact of genetic testing was observed when performed by a team expert in predictive testing. However careful management is required to identify and manage subjects at risk for increased anxiety or socio-professional change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bordet
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Referral Center for hereditary heart disease, Department of Genetics,, Paris, France
| | - S Brice
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75013, Paris, France
| | - C Maupain
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Referral Center for hereditary heart disease, Department of Genetics,, Paris, France
| | - E Gandjbakhch
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, ICAN, Département de Cardiologie,, Paris, France
| | - I Bertrand
- University Hospital of Nantes, Department of Genetics, Nantes, France
| | - A Palmyre
- Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France
| | - A Moerman
- CHRU Lille, Department of Genetics, Lille University Hospital, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - A Toutain
- University Hospital of Tours, Department of Medical Genetics, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - S Odent
- University Hospital of Rennes, Department of Medical Genetics, Rennes, France
| | - A C Brehin
- University Hospital of Rouen, Department of Genetics, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - S Staraci
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Referral Center for hereditary heart disease, Department of Genetics,, Paris, France
| | - P Richard
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Centre de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - S Tezenas Du Montcel
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - M Gargiulo
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit,, Paris, France
| | - P Charron
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
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Fenaux H, Chassaing M, Berger S, Gantzer C, Bertrand I, Schvoerer E. Transmission of hepatitis E virus by water: An issue still pending in industrialized countries. Water Res 2019; 151:144-157. [PMID: 30594083 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enteric virus divided into eight genotypes. Genotype 1 (G1) and G2 are specific to humans; G3, G4 and G7 are zoonotic genotypes infecting humans and animals. Transmission to humans through water has been demonstrated for G1 and G2, mainly in developing countries, but is only suspected for the zoonotic genotypes. Thus, the water-related HEV hazard may be due to human and animal faeces. The high HEV genetic variability allows considering the presence in wastewater of not only different genotypes, but also quasispecies adding even greater diversity. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that HEV particles may be either quasi-enveloped or non-enveloped, potentially implying differential viral behaviours in the environment. The presence of HEV has been demonstrated at the different stages of the water cycle all over the world, especially for HEV G3 in Europe and the USA. Concerning HEV survival in water, the virus does not have higher resistance to inactivating factors (heat, UV, chlorine, physical removal), compared to viral indicators (MS2 phage) or other highly resistant enteric viruses (Hepatitis A virus). But the studies did not take into account genetic (genogroups, quasispecies) or structural (quasi- or non-enveloped forms) HEV variability. Viral variability could indeed modify HEV persistence in water by influencing its interaction with the environment, its infectivity and its pathogenicity, and subsequently its transmission by water. The cell culture methods used to study HEV survival still have drawbacks (challenging virus cultivation, time consuming, lack of sensitivity). As explained in the present review, the issue of HEV transmission to humans through water is similar to that of other enteric viruses because of their similar or lower survival. HEV transmission to animals through water and how the virus variability affects its survival and transmission remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fenaux
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F-54511 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, LCPME UMR 7564 CNRS-UL, F-54600 Villers lès Nancy, France
| | - M Chassaing
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, LCPME UMR 7564 CNRS-UL, F-54600 Villers lès Nancy, France
| | - S Berger
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F-54511 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - C Gantzer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, LCPME UMR 7564 CNRS-UL, F-54600 Villers lès Nancy, France
| | - I Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, LCPME UMR 7564 CNRS-UL, F-54600 Villers lès Nancy, France
| | - E Schvoerer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F-54511 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, LCPME UMR 7564 CNRS-UL, F-54600 Villers lès Nancy, France.
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Cook N, Bertrand I, Gantzer C, Pinto RM, Bosch A. Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus in Fresh Produce and Production Environments, and the Effect of Disinfection Procedures: A Review. Food Environ Virol 2018; 10:253-262. [PMID: 29761412 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-018-9349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although information is limited, it is evident that prolonged persistence of infectious Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a factor in the transmission of the virus via fresh produce. Consequently, data on persistence of the virus on produce, and in environments relevant to production, such as soils, water and surfaces, are required to fully understand the dynamics of transmission of HAV via foods. Furthermore, information on effective disinfection procedures is necessary to implement effective post-harvest control measures. This review summarises current information on HAV persistence in fresh produce and on relevant disinfection procedures. On vegetables, HAV can remain infectious for several days; on frozen berries, it can persist for several months. HAV can remain infectious on surfaces for months, depending on temperature and relative humidity, and can survive desiccation. It can survive for several hours on hands. Washing hands can remove the virus, but further data are required on the appropriate procedure. Chlorination is effective in water, but not when HAV is associated with foodstuffs. Bleach and other sodium hypochlorite disinfectants at high concentrations can reduce HAV on surfaces, but are not suitable for use on fresh produce. There is only limited information on the effects of heating regimes used in the food industry on HAV. HAV is resistant to mild pasteurisation. Some food components, e.g. fats and sugars, can increase the virus' resistance to higher temperatures. HAV is completely eliminated by boiling. Quantitative prevalence data are needed to allow the setting of appropriate disinfection log reduction targets for fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cook
- Food and Environment Research Agency, York, UK.
- Jorvik Food and Environmental Virology Ltd., York, UK.
| | - I Bertrand
- Université de Lorraine, LCPME (Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, 54000, Nancy, France
- CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - C Gantzer
- Université de Lorraine, LCPME (Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement), UMR 7564, Faculté de Pharmacie, 54000, Nancy, France
- CNRS, LCPME, UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - R M Pinto
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bosch
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Fenaux H, Chassaing M, Berger S, Jeulin H, Gentilhomme A, Bensenane M, Bronowicki J, Gantzer C, Bertrand I, Schvoerer E. Molecular features of Hepatitis E Virus circulation in environmental and human samples. J Clin Virol 2018; 103:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pelleieux S, Mathieu L, Block JC, Gantzer C, Bertrand I. The effect of chlorination and hydrodynamic shear stress on the persistence of bacteriophages associated with drinking water biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1189-97. [PMID: 27452787 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This work aimed to assess at pilot scale the effect of chlorination and water flushing on 2-month-old drinking water biofilms and, above all, on biofilm-associated F-specific RNA bacteriophages MS2, GA and Qβ. METHODS AND RESULTS Chlorination (4 mg l(-1) ) was applied first with a hydrodynamic shear stress of 1 Pa and second with an increase in hydrodynamic shear stress to 10 Pa. Despite a rapid decrease in the number of biofilm bacteria and associated phages, infectious phages were still detected on surfaces after completion of the 150 min cleaning procedure. The resulting sequence of phage removal was: GA > Qβ ≫ MS2. CONCLUSIONS The effect of chlorine on biofilm bacteria and biofilm-associated phages was limited to the upper layers of the biofilm and was not enhanced by an increase in hydrodynamic shear stress. A smaller decrease was observed for MS2 than for GA or Qβ after completion of the cleaning procedure. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The differences observed between the three phages suggest that the location of the viral particles in the biofilm, which is related to their surface properties, affects the efficiency of chlorine disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pelleieux
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France.,LCPME, UMR 7564, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - L Mathieu
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France.,EPHE, UL, CNRS, UMR 7564 LCPME, PSL Research University, Nancy, France
| | - J-C Block
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France.,LCPME, UMR 7564, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - C Gantzer
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France.,LCPME, UMR 7564, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - I Bertrand
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Institut Jean Barriol, Nancy, France. .,LCPME, UMR 7564, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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Perrin A, Loutreul J, Boudaud N, Bertrand I, Gantzer C. Rapid, simple and efficient method for detection of viral genomes on raspberries. J Virol Methods 2015; 224:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bertrand I, Boirie Y, Fedor MC, Leysenne-Ouvrard C, Miolanne M, Farigon N, Montel F. P029: Intérêt de l’enrichissement des perceptions corporelles dans l’obésité sévère et massive. NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bertrand I, Thomas S, Kassianos G. P195: Co-administration of herpes zoster live-attenuated vaccine with polysaccharide pneumococcal-23 vaccine. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lukas K, Bertrand I, Glogger A. P199: The societal impact of herpes zoster and post herpetic neuralgia on patients and family members involved in their care in Germany. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mathieu L, Bertrand I, Abe Y, Angel E, Block JC, Skali-Lami S, Francius G. Drinking water biofilm cohesiveness changes under chlorination or hydrodynamic stress. Water Res 2014; 55:175-184. [PMID: 24607313 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Attempts at removal of drinking water biofilms rely on various preventive and curative strategies such as nutrient reduction in drinking water, disinfection or water flushing, which have demonstrated limited efficiency. The main reason for these failures is the cohesiveness of the biofilm driven by the physico-chemical properties of its exopolymeric matrix (EPS). Effective cleaning procedures should break up the matrix and/or change the elastic properties of bacterial biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the cohesive strength of two-month-old drinking water biofilms under increasing hydrodynamic shear stress τw (from ∼0.2 to ∼10 Pa) and shock chlorination (applied concentration at T0: 10 mg Cl2/L; 60 min contact time). Biofilm erosion (cell loss per unit surface area) and cohesiveness (changes in the detachment shear stress and cluster volumes measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM)) were studied. When rapidly increasing the hydrodynamic constraint, biofilm removal was found to be dependent on a dual process of erosion and coalescence of the biofilm clusters. Indeed, 56% of the biofilm cells were removed with, concomitantly, a decrease in the number of the 50-300 μm(3) clusters and an increase in the number of the smaller (i.e., <50 μm(3)) and larger (i.e., >600 μm(3)) ones. Moreover, AFM evidenced the strengthening of the biofilm structure along with the doubling of the number of contact points, NC, per cluster volume unit following the hydrodynamic disturbance. This suggests that the compactness of the biofilm exopolymers increases with hydrodynamic stress. Shock chlorination removed cells (-75%) from the biofilm while reducing the volume of biofilm clusters. Oxidation stress resulted in a decrease in the cohesive strength profile of the remaining drinking water biofilms linked to a reduction in the number of contact points within the biofilm network structure in particular for the largest biofilm cluster volumes (>200 μm(3)). Changes in the cohesive strength of drinking water biofilms subsequent to cleaning/disinfection operations call into question the effectiveness of cleaning-in-place procedures. The combined alternating use of oxidation and shear stress sequences needs to be investigated as it could be an important adjunct to improving biofilm removal/reduction procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mathieu
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), LCPME, UMR 7564 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - I Bertrand
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Nancy, France
| | - Y Abe
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Nancy, France
| | - E Angel
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), LCPME, UMR 7564 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - J C Block
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Nancy, France
| | - S Skali-Lami
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire d'Energétique et de Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA), UMR 7563, Nancy, France
| | - G Francius
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, Nancy, France
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Bertrand I, Schijven JF, Sánchez G, Wyn-Jones P, Ottoson J, Morin T, Muscillo M, Verani M, Nasser A, de Roda Husman AM, Myrmel M, Sellwood J, Cook N, Gantzer C. The impact of temperature on the inactivation of enteric viruses in food and water: a review. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:1059-74. [PMID: 22380614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is considered as the major factor determining virus inactivation in the environment. Food industries, therefore, widely apply temperature as virus inactivating parameter. This review encompasses an overview of viral inactivation and virus genome degradation data from published literature as well as a statistical analysis and the development of empirical formulae to predict virus inactivation. A total of 658 data (time to obtain a first log(10) reduction) were collected from 76 published studies with 563 data on virus infectivity and 95 data on genome degradation. Linear model fitting was applied to analyse the effects of temperature, virus species, detection method (cell culture or molecular methods), matrix (simple or complex) and temperature category (<50 and ≥50°C). As expected, virus inactivation was found to be faster at temperatures ≥50°C than at temperatures <50°C, but there was also a significant temperature-matrix effect. Virus inactivation appeared to occur faster in complex than in simple matrices. In general, bacteriophages PRD1 and PhiX174 appeared to be highly persistent whatever the matrix or the temperature, which makes them useful indicators for virus inactivation studies. The virus genome was shown to be more resistant than infectious virus. Simple empirical formulas were developed that can be used to predict virus inactivation and genome degradation for untested temperatures, time points or even virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Nancy, France
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Bogaert LV, Bertrand I. HÆMORRHAGIC AFFECTION OF CORTICO-NEOSTRIATAL SITE REVEALED CLINICALLY BY ACUTE AND FATAL CHOREA. J Neurol Psychopathol 2011; 13:1-13. [PMID: 21611358 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-13.49.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bertrand I, Certain E. Access to reliable information for health workers in developing countries: information for all, starting at grass roots level in Africa. Health Libr Rev 2000; 17:222-4. [PMID: 11198330 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2532.2000.00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Bertrand
- World Health Organization, Library and Information Networks for Knowledge, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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Abstract
Although MEDLINE covers many of the significant medical periodical articles published in developed countries, there is still a considerable amount of medical and health documentation from countries outside the major industrialized areas which is not included. This paper outlines various initiatives to address this, and goes on to describe the setting up, on a cooperative basis, of the African Index Medicus, the problems encountered and progress made. 'Even if we should presume that most of the world's valid, important biomedical information originates in the West--and there is evidence (...) to suggest that this is wilful self delusion--what about at least a minority contribution from the rest? The 2% participation in international scientific discourse allowed by Western indexing services is simply too little to account for the scientific output of 80% of the world.'
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bertrand
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Abstract
The isoquinolinesulfonamide H-89, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.37, cAPrK), inhibited the Ca2+-ATPase activity of cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) with concentrations giving half-maximal inhibition of 8.1 +/- 1.3 and 7.2 +/- 0.9 micromol/L, respectively. The effect of H-89 on cardiac SR Ca2+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.38) was the same irrespective of the presence or absence of inhibitors of cAPrK and furthermore, was not affected by a neutralising monoclonal antibody raised against phospholamban. Thus, the action of H-89 in inhibiting SR Ca2+-ATPase would not appear to be mediated by inhibition of cAPrK to reduce the phosphorylation state of phospholamban. In both cardiac and skeletal muscle SR, the inhibition by H-89 was noncompetitive with respect to ATP at a low concentration of ATP (<1 mmol/L) and of a mixed pattern at high concentrations of ATP. H-89 produced a decrease in affinity of the SR Ca2+ pump to Ca2+ with an increase in the Km for Ca from 0.52 +/- 0.01 to 0.94 +/- 0.03 micromol/L (P < 0.05) in cardiac SR and from 0.39 +/- 0.01 to 0.79 +/- 0.02 micromol/L (P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle SR. These results suggest that H-89 inhibits SR Ca2+-ATPase by a direct action on the SR Ca2+ pump to decrease its affinity to Ca2+. Such an action may contribute to the pharmacological effect of H-89.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lahouratate
- SmithKline Beecham Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques, Sainte-Grégoire, France
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Dehaut F, Bertrand I, Miltaud T, Pouplard-Barthelaix A, Maingault M. n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase the neurite length of PC12 cells and embryonic chick motoneurons. Neurosci Lett 1993; 161:133-6. [PMID: 8272254 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90277-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have tested the action of three n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, either free or in the form of ethyl esters, on the neurite outgrowth in two neuronal models: a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) and embryonic chick motoneurons, after 7 days in culture. An inverted microscope coupled with the 'VIDS 4' software was used for measuring the neurite length. Free fatty acids were found to be cytotoxic at 10(-3) M and the maximal increase of the neurite length was obtained at 10(-5) M. In contrast, fatty acids in the form of ethylesters were not cytotoxic and at 10(-3) M induced the maximal increase in the neurite length. This increase (1.2 to 2 fold) significantly differed from the control and was dose-dependent. These results were discussed in relation to the action of fatty acids on enzyme activation and membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dehaut
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, CHRU Angers, France
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Leroux les Jardins S, Bertrand I, Massin M. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications in 466 radial keratotomies. Refract Corneal Surg 1992; 8:215-6. [PMID: 1633140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have retrospectively studied the intraoperative and early postoperative complications of 466 radial keratotomies. These complications included: microperforations and macroperforations, incisions into the optical zone, and early bacterial corneal ulcers and endophthalmitis.
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Leroux les Jardins S, Frisch E, Bertrand I, Massin M. [Current limitations of radial keratotomy]. Ophtalmologie 1990; 4:346-9. [PMID: 2263387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The so-called R.K. classic technique gives good results for myopias under 5 diopters. We have performed different modifications of the technique for the 8 incisions--optical zone 3 mm R.K. 8 incisions--O.Z. 3 mm. Downhill incision direction or "American technique" incisions (from the O.Z. towards the limbus). 8 incisions--O.Z. 3 mm + a deepening of 20 microns from a 6 mm O.Z. Repeat operations (Stan Franks Backcutting technique or addition of incisions). 8 incisions--O.Z. 3 mm. Uphill incision direction or "Russian technique" (from the limbus towards the optical zone). This study was carried out with 134 R.K. and shows that we get best results for myopias between 5 to 7 diopters, with the last technique (Uphill incision direction).
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Leroux les Jardins S, Bertrand I, Massin M. [Radial keratotomies: peri- and early postoperative complications (apropos of 460 cases)]. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1990; 90:509-12. [PMID: 2208515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Leroux Les Jardins S, Frish E, Bertrand I, Massin M. [Congenital myopic astigmatism: results of surgery using the Thornton T-CUTS technic, combined with radial keratotomy]. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1989; 89:1379-84. [PMID: 2632112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Roux S, Escoubet B, Friedlander G, Le Grimellec C, Bertrand I, Amiel C. Effects of lidocaine on sarcolemmal fluidity and cellular cAMP in rat cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol 1989; 256:H422-7. [PMID: 2537034 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.2.h422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antiarrhythmic drugs with local anesthetic properties modify the physical state of membrane phospholipids and could change adenylate cyclase activity and, thus, influence cardiac ischemic arrhythmias. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in cardiomyocytes cultured from newborn rat and fluorescence anisotropy of sarcolemma-enriched membranes were investigated in the presence of a neutral anesthetic drug benzyl alcohol and of a cationic anesthetic drug lidocaine. Benzyl alcohol increased in a dose-dependent manner both sarcolemma fluidity and isoproterenol- or cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. In contrast, benzyl alcohol inhibited cAMP accumulation in forskolin-stimulated cells. Lidocaine induced a dose-related inhibition of isoproterenol-, forskolin-, and cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP accumulation without eliciting any change in sarcolemma fluidity. The inhibitory effect of lidocaine on isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation was reversed when cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of lidocaine on cAMP synthesis might involve a polar interaction with the Gi regulatory subunit of adenylate cyclase. Such an effect could contribute, in vivo, to both the antiarrhythmic and the negative inotropic effect of lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roux
- U. 251, Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat, Université Paris VII, France
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Le Rebeller MJ, Rougier Houssin J, Bertrand I. [Static meridian color photopic perimetry in chronic glaucoma]. Ophtalmologie 1988; 2:199-203. [PMID: 3247168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Lanhers MC, Bertrand I, Fleurentin J, Lehr PR, Pelt JM. Influence of Anisotes trisulcus and Crepis rueppellii extracts on sites of bile formation in the rat. Arzneimittelforschung 1986; 36:826-9. [PMID: 3730017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anisotes trisulcus and Crepis rueppellii, two medicinal plants from Yemen, have been investigated for their hepatobiliary properties. A study of their choleretic effect and of sites of bile formation was carried out in the rat, by evaluation of bile flow, bile acids output and 14C-erythritol clearance. The data suggest that both extracts of these plants induce hypercholeresis, but Anisotes would stimulate the bile acid-dependent fraction and Crepis the bile acid-independent fraction.
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Sudjadi ST, Palmieri JR, Marwoto HA, Bertrand I, Masbar S. Survey of dental health in a rubber plantation in South Kalimantan (Boreno) Indonesia. Odontostomatol Trop 1981; 4:15-20. [PMID: 6940107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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28
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Bertrand I, Guillaume JM, Samson M, Gueguen Y. [Dorsal intramedullary tuberculoma]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1958; 98:51-4. [PMID: 13555350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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