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Liu Z, Zhao G, Xiao Y, Zeng S, Yuan Y, Zhou X, Fang Z, He R, Li B, Zhao Y, Pan H, Wang Y, Yu G, Peng IF, Wang D, Meng Q, Xu Q, Sun Q, Yan X, Shen L, Jiang H, Xia K, Wang J, Guo J, Liang F, Li J, Tang B. Profiling the Genome-Wide Landscape of Short Tandem Repeats by Long-Read Sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:810595. [PMID: 35601492 PMCID: PMC9117641 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Short tandem repeats (STRs) are highly variable elements that play a pivotal role in multiple genetic diseases and the regulation of gene expression. Long-read sequencing (LRS) offers a potential solution to genome-wide STR analysis. However, characterizing STRs in human genomes using LRS on a large population scale has not been reported. Methods: We conducted the large LRS-based STR analysis in 193 unrelated samples of the Chinese population and performed genome-wide profiling of STR variation in the human genome. The repeat dynamic index (RDI) was introduced to evaluate the variability of STR. We sourced the expression data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression to explore the tissue specificity of highly variable STRs related genes across tissues. Enrichment analyses were also conducted to identify potential functional roles of the high variable STRs. Results: This study reports the large-scale analysis of human STR variation by LRS and offers a reference STR database based on the LRS dataset. We found that the disease-associated STRs (dSTRs) and STRs associated with the expression of nearby genes (eSTRs) were highly variable in the general population. Moreover, tissue-specific expression analysis showed that those highly variable STRs related genes presented the highest expression level in brain tissues, and enrichment pathways analysis found those STRs are involved in synaptic function-related pathways. Conclusion: Our study profiled the genome-wide landscape of STR using LRS and highlighted the highly variable STRs in the human genome, which provide a valuable resource for studying the role of STRs in human disease and complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanchun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | - Qingtuan Meng
- Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Liang
- GrandOmics Biosciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Beisha Tang, ; Jinchen Li, ; Fan Liang,
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Beisha Tang, ; Jinchen Li, ; Fan Liang,
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Beisha Tang, ; Jinchen Li, ; Fan Liang,
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Hu T, Li J, Long M, Wu J, Zhang Z, Xie F, Zhao J, Yang H, Song Q, Lian S, Shi J, Guo X, Yuan D, Lang D, Yu G, Liang B, Zhou X, Ishibashi T, Fan X, Yu W, Wang D, Wang Y, Peng IF, Wang S. Detection of Structural Variations and Fusion Genes in Breast Cancer Samples Using Third-Generation Sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:854640. [PMID: 35493102 PMCID: PMC9043247 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.854640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Structural variations (SVs) are common genetic alterations in the human genome that could cause different phenotypes and diseases, including cancer. However, the detection of structural variations using the second-generation sequencing was limited by its short read length, which restrained our understanding of structural variations. Methods: In this study, we developed a 28-gene panel for long-read sequencing and employed it to Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences platforms. We analyzed structural variations in the 28 breast cancer-related genes through long-read genomic and transcriptomic sequencing of tumor, para-tumor, and blood samples in 19 breast cancer patients. Results: Our results showed that some somatic SVs were recurring among the selected genes, though the majority of them occurred in the non-exonic region. We found evidence supporting the existence of hotspot regions for SVs, which extended our previous understanding that they exist only for single nucleotide variations. Conclusion: In conclusion, we employed long-read genomic and transcriptomic sequencing to identify SVs from breast cancer patients and proved that this approach holds great potential in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taobo Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- GrandOmics Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Mengping Long
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Houpu Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lian
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiandong Shi
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Baosheng Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaodan Fan
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, China
| | - Weichuan Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Yang Wang
- GrandOmics Inc., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Wang, ; I-Feng Peng, ; Shu Wang,
| | - I-Feng Peng
- GrandOmics Inc., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Wang, ; I-Feng Peng, ; Shu Wang,
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Wang, ; I-Feng Peng, ; Shu Wang,
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Abstract
Lately, Drosophila has been favored as a model in sleep and circadian rhythm research due to its conserved mechanism and easily manageable operation. These studies have revealed the sophisticated parameters in whole-day sleep profiles of Drosophila, drawing connections between Drosophila sleep and human sleep. In this study, we tested several sleep deprivation protocols (mechanical shakes and light interruptions) on Drosophila and delineated their influences on Drosophila sleep. We applied a daytime light-deprivation protocol (DD) mimicking jet-lag to screen drugs that alleviate sleep deprivation. Characteristically, classical sleep-aid compounds exhibited different forms of influence: phenobarbital and pentobarbital modified total sleep time, while melatonin only shortened the latency to sleep. Such results construct the basis for further research on sleep benefits in other treatments in Drosophila. We screened seven herb extracts, and found very diverse results regarding their effect on sleep regulation. For instance, Panax notoginseng and Withania somnifera extracts displayed potent influence on total sleep time, while Melissa officinalis increased the number of sleep episodes. By comparing these treatments, we were able to rank drug potency in different aspects of sleep regulation. Notably, we also confirmed the presence of sleep difficulties in a Drosophila Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model with an overexpression of human Abeta, and recognized clear differences between the portfolios of drug screening effects in AD flies and in the control group. Overall, potential drug candidates and receipts for sleep problems can be identified separately for normal and AD Drosophila populations, outlining Drosophila’s potential in drug screening tests in other populations if combined with the use of other genetic disease tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Wang
- Research Department, Suzhou Joekai Biotech LLC, Kunshan City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ma
- Research Department, Suzhou Joekai Biotech LLC, Kunshan City, Jiangsu, China
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - I-Feng Peng
- Research Department, Suzhou Joekai Biotech LLC, Kunshan City, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Ma WW, Tao Y, Wang YY, Peng IF. Effects of Gardenia jasminoides extracts on cognition and innate immune response in an adult Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:899-904. [PMID: 29329646 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbal extracts have been extensively used worldwide for their application on memory improvement, especially among aged and memory-deficit populations. In the present study, the memory loss induced by human Abeta protein over-expression in fruitfly Alzheimer's disease (AD) model was rescued by multiple extracts from Gardenia jasminoides. Three extracts that rich with gardenia yellow, geniposide, and gardenoside components showed distinct rescue effect on memory loss. Further investigation on adding gardenoside into a formula of Ganoderma lucidum, Panax notoginseng and Panax ginseng (GPP) also support its therapeutic effects on memory improvement. Interestingly, the application of GPP and gardenoside did not alter the accumulation of Abeta proteins but suppressed the expression of immune-related genes in the brain. These results revealed the importance and relevancy of anti-inflammation process and the underlying mechanisms on rescuing memory deficits, suggesting the potential therapeutic use of the improved GPP formulation in improving cognition in defined population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ma
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Suzhou Joekai Biotech LLC, Kunshan City, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Suzhou Joekai Biotech LLC, Kunshan City, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Yan-Ying Wang
- Suzhou Joekai Biotech LLC, Kunshan City, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - I-Feng Peng
- Suzhou Joekai Biotech LLC, Kunshan City, Jiangsu, 215300, China.
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Saur T, Peng IF, Jiang P, Gong N, Yao WD, Xu TL, Wu CF. K + channel reorganization and homeostatic plasticity during postembryonic development: biophysical and genetic analyses in acutely dissociated Drosophila central neurons. J Neurogenet 2016; 30:259-275. [PMID: 27868467 PMCID: PMC5918286 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1255212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic electric activities of neurons play important roles in establishing and refining neural circuits during development. However, how the underlying ionic currents undergo postembryonic reorganizations remains largely unknown. Using acutely dissociated neurons from larval, pupal, and adult Drosophila brains, we show drastic re-assemblies and compensatory regulations of voltage-gated (IKv) and Ca2+-activated (IK(Ca)) K+ currents during postembryonic development. Larval and adult neurons displayed prominent fast-inactivating IKv, mediated by the Shaker (Sh) channel to a large extent, while in the same neurons IK(Ca) was far smaller in amplitude. In contrast, pupal neurons were characterized by large sustained IKv and prominent IK(Ca), encoded predominantly by the slowpoke (slo) gene. Surprisingly, deletion of Sh in the ShM null mutant removed inactivating, transient IKv from large portions of neurons at all stages. Interestingly, elimination of Sh currents was accompanied by upregulation of non-Sh transient IKv. In comparison, the slo1 mutation abolished the vast majority of IK(Ca), particularly at the pupal stage. Strikingly, the deficiency of IK(Ca) in slo pupae was compensated by the transient component of IKv mediated by Sh channels. Thus, IK(Ca) appears to play critical roles in pupal development and its absence induces functional compensations from a specific transient IKv current. While mutants lacking either Sh or slo currents survived normally, Sh;;slo double mutants deficient in both failed to survive through pupal metamorphosis. Together, our data highlight significant reorganizations and homeostatic compensations of K+ currents during postembryonic development and uncover previously unrecognized roles for Sh and slo in this plastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taixiang Saur
- a Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics , School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , China
- b Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
- c New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School , Southborough , MA , USA
| | - I-Feng Peng
- d Department of Biology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- a Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics , School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , China
- b Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Neng Gong
- a Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics , School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , China
- b Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei-Dong Yao
- c New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School , Southborough , MA , USA
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- a Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics , School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , China
- b Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Chun-Fang Wu
- a Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics , School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , China
- b Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
- d Department of Biology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
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Lee SH, Peng IF, Ng YG, Yanagisawa M, Bamji SX, Elia LP, Balsamo J, Lilien J, Anastasiadis PZ, Ullian EM, Reichardt LF. Synapses are regulated by the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Fer in a pathway mediated by p120catenin, Fer, SHP-2, and beta-catenin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 183:893-908. [PMID: 19047464 PMCID: PMC2592841 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200807188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Localization of presynaptic components to synaptic sites is critical for hippocampal synapse formation. Cell adhesion–regulated signaling is important for synaptic development and function, but little is known about differentiation of the presynaptic compartment. In this study, we describe a pathway that promotes presynaptic development involving p120catenin (p120ctn), the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Fer, the protein phosphatase SHP-2, and β-catenin. Presynaptic Fer depletion prevents localization of active zone constituents and synaptic vesicles and inhibits excitatory synapse formation and synaptic transmission. Depletion of p120ctn or SHP-2 similarly disrupts synaptic vesicle localization with active SHP-2, restoring synapse formation in the absence of Fer. Fer or SHP-2 depletion results in elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin. β-Catenin overexpression restores normal synaptic vesicle localization in the absence of Fer or SHP-2. Our results indicate that a presynaptic signaling pathway through p120ctn, Fer, SHP-2, and β-catenin promotes excitatory synapse development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hye Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Eppinga RD, Peng IF, Lin JLC, Wu CF, Lin JJC. Opposite effects of overexpressed myosin Va or heavy meromyosin Va on vesicle distribution, cytoskeleton organization, and cell motility in nonmuscle cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:197-215. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Peng IF, Wu CF. Drosophila cacophony channels: a major mediator of neuronal Ca2+ currents and a trigger for K+ channel homeostatic regulation. J Neurosci 2007; 27:1072-81. [PMID: 17267561 PMCID: PMC6673189 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4746-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cacophony (cac) locus in Drosophila encodes a Ca2+ channel alpha subunit, but little is known about properties of cac-mediated currents and functional consequences of cac mutations in central neurons. We found that, in Drosophila cultured neurons, Ca2+ currents were mediated predominantly by the cac channels. The cac channels contribute to low- and high-threshold, fast- and slow-inactivating types of Ca2+ currents, take part in membrane depolarization, and strongly activate Ca2+-activated K+ current [I(K(Ca))]. In cac neurons, unexpectedly, voltage-activated transient K+ current I(A) is upregulated to a level that matches I(K(Ca)) reduction, implicating a homeostatic regulation that was mimicked by chronic pharmacological blockade of Ca2+ currents in wild-type neurons. Among K+ channel transcripts, Shaker mRNA levels were preferentially increased in cac flies. However, Ca2+ current expression levels remained unaltered in several K+ channel mutants, illustrating a key role of cac in developmental regulation of Drosophila neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Feng Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Chun-Fang Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Abstract
Different K(+) currents participate in generating neuronal firing patterns. The Drosophila embryonic "giant" neuron culture system has facilitated current- and voltage-clamp recordings to correlate distinct excitability patterns with the underlying K(+) currents and to delineate the mutational effects of identified K(+) channels. Mutations of Sh and Shab K(+) channels removed part of inactivating I(A) and sustained I(K), respectively, and the remaining I(A) and I(K) revealed the properties of their counterparts, e.g., Shal and Shaw channels. Neuronal subsets displaying the delayed, tonic, adaptive, and damping spike patterns were characterized by different profiles of K(+) current voltage dependence and kinetics and by differential mutational effects. Shab channels regulated membrane repolarization and repetitive firing over hundreds of milliseconds, and Shab neurons showed a gradual decline in repolarization during current injection and their spike activities became limited to high-frequency, damping firing. In contrast, Sh channels acted on events within tens of milliseconds, and Sh mutations broadened spikes and reduced firing rates without eliminating any categories of firing patterns. However, removing both Sh and Shal I(A) by 4-aminopyridine converted the delayed to damping firing pattern, demonstrating their actions in regulating spike initiation. Specific blockade of Shab I(K) by quinidine mimicked the Shab phenotypes and converted tonic firing to a damping pattern. These conversions suggest a hierarchy of complexity in K(+) current interactions underlying different firing patterns. Different lineage-defined neuronal subsets, identifiable by employing the GAL4-UAS system, displayed different profiles of spike properties and K(+) current compositions, providing opportunities for mutational analysis in functionally specialized neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Feng Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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