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Catalán-Serra I, Thorsvik S, Beisvag V, Bruland T, Underhill D, Sandvik AK, Granlund AVB. Fungal Microbiota Composition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Characterization in Different Phenotypes and Correlation With Clinical Activity and Disease Course. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:izad289. [PMID: 38103028 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of the role of the mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Variations within phenotypes and activity and with prognosis have been poorly studied. METHODS A total of 111 individuals were prospectively enrolled: 89 IBD patients (52 ulcerative colitis and 37 Crohn's disease [CD]) and 22 healthy individuals. Disease characteristics were collected and a fecal calprotectin >100 μg/mg was considered indicative of activity. A subset of patients was followed for 6 ± 2 years. Disease course was designated as either complicated or uncomplicated based on the need of intensified medication and/or surgery. ITS sequencing was performed targeting the ITS1 region. RESULTS We found lower Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio in IBD. Patients showed a marked increase in Candida dublinensis and Ca albicans and were depleted of Aspergillus rubrobrunneus and Penicillium brevicompactum (P ≤ .001) Saccharomyces was predominant in total colitis and Penicillium in proctitis. Several Penicillium species were depleted in total colitis vs proctitis. Ileal CD patients were enriched in Debaromyces hansenii and depleted of Ca tropicalis (P ≤ .001). Ca albicans was overrepresented in inflammatory (B1) vs fibrostenosing (B2) CD. Ca dublinensis was more abundant in active patients and correlated positively with fecal calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, while S pastorianus correlated inversely with activity. Ca sake was associated with complicated disease and increased abundance of Cryptococcus carnescens with the need for surgery in CD. CONCLUSIONS This study shows important differences in the mycobiome in IBD and within phenotypes. Selected fungal species were associated with complicated disease and the need of surgery in CD. This work adds to our understanding of the role of fungi in IBD, with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Catalán-Serra
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Silje Thorsvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vidar Beisvag
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Underhill
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Catalán-Serra I, Ricanek P, Grimstad T. "Out of the box" new therapeutic strategies for Crohn´s disease: moving beyond biologics. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2023; 115:614-634. [PMID: 35748460 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.9010/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New treatment options beyond immunosuppression have emerged in recent years for patients with Crohn´s disease (CD), a chronic systemic condition affecting primarily the gut with great impact in the quality of life. The cause of CD is largely unknown, and a curative treatment is not yet available. In addition, despite the growing therapeutic armamentarium in recent years almost half of the patients don´t achieve a sustained response over time. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss the current state of promising new "out of the box" possibilities to control chronic inflammation beyond current pharmacological treatments, including: exclusive enteral nutrition, specific diets, cell therapies using T regs, hyperbaric oxygen, fecal microbiota transplantation, phage therapy, helminths, cannabis and vagal nerve stimulation. The exploration of original and novel therapeutic modalities is key to address their potential as main or complementary treatments in selected CD populations in order to increase efficacy, minimize side effects and improve quality of life of patients.
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Bastida Paz G, Merino Ochoa O, Aguas Peris M, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Zabana Y, Ginard Vicens D, Ceballos Santos D, Muñoz Núñez F, Monfort I Miquel D, Catalán-Serra I, García Sánchez V, Loras Alastruey C, Lucendo Villarín A, Huguet JM, de la Coba Ortiz C, Aldeguer Manté X, Palau Canós A, Domènech Morral E, Nos P. The Risk of Developing Disabling Crohn's Disease: Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Improve Treatment Decision Making. Dig Dis 2023; 41:879-889. [PMID: 37611561 DOI: 10.1159/000531789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the development of complications over the course of the disease. It is crucial to identify predictive factors of disabling disease, in order to target patients for early intervention. We evaluated risk factors of disabling CD and developed a prognostic model. METHODS In total, 511 CD patients were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify demographic, clinical, and biological risk factors. A predictive nomogram model was developed in a subgroup of patients with noncomplicated CD (inflammatory pattern and no perianal disease). RESULTS The rate of disabling CD within 5 years after diagnosis was 74.6%. Disabling disease was associated with gender, location of disease, requirement of steroids for the first flare, and perianal lesions. In the subgroup of patients (310) with noncomplicated CD, the rate of disabling CD was 80%. In the multivariate analysis age at onset <40 years (OR = 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52-7.90), extensive disease (L3/L4) (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.18-6.06), smoking habit (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.03-4.27), requirement of steroids at the first flare (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.09-4.45), and albumin (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.36-0.96) were associated with development of disabling disease. The developed predictive nomogram based on these factors presented good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.723 (95% CI: 0.670-0.830). CONCLUSION We identified predictive factors of disabling CD and developed an easy-to-use prognostic model that may be used in clinical practice to help identify patients at high risk and address treatment effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bastida Paz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Merino Ochoa
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Mariam Aguas Peris
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Yamile Zabana
- Gastroenterology Department, Fundació per la Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Muñoz Núñez
- University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Catalán-Serra
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Carmen Loras Alastruey
- Gastroenterology Department, Fundació per la Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eugeni Domènech Morral
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Andreu-Ballester JC, Catalán-Serra I, Gil-Borrás R, Marqués-García P, García-Ballesteros C, López Chuliá F, Cuéllar C. Gammadelta T cells as a predictor of surgical relapse of Crohn's disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:586-597. [PMID: 31864955 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated a decrease in the overall lymphocyte population in the peripheral blood of patients with CD compared to healthy controls and this decrease is more evident in γδ T lymphocytes. The percentages of T cell subsets could reflect the risk of surgical relapse in CD patients. The aim of this study is to study the correlation between αβ and γδ T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with CD and the risk for surgery during follow up. METHODS A prospective study of 102 patients with CD compared with 102 healthy subjects (control group) matched by age and sex was conducted. Lymphocytic populations of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, and αβ and γδ T cell subsets were measured in the peripheral blood of all participants. RESULTS We found evidence of a relationship between lower γδ T cell levels and risk of surgical relapse in CD. The lowest subsets observed in CD patients with surgical relapse were CD3+γδ, CD3+CD8+γδ and CD3+CD56+γδT cells. We observed a relationship between a decrease in γδ T cells and the most severe forms of the disease. The lowest levels of CD3+γδ and CD3+CD8+γδT cells were observed in the fistulizing phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The deficit of γδ T cells was related with the severity and the risk for surgical relapse in CD patients. Patients with CD3+γδ deficit were more prone to surgery than patients without this deficit. These results suggest that γδ T cells could be used as markers of poor prognosis of CD following the diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Andreu-Ballester
- Research Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, c/San Clemente 12, 46015 Valencia, Spain.
| | - I Catalán-Serra
- Digestive Department, IBD Unit, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Levanger Hospital. Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - R Gil-Borrás
- Digestive Department, IBD Unit, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - P Marqués-García
- Digestive Department, IBD Unit, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - F López Chuliá
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - C Cuéllar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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Gil-Borras R, García-Ballesteros C, Benet-Campos C, Catalán-Serra I, López-Chuliá F, Cuéllar C, Andreu-Ballester JC. B1a Lymphocytes (CD19+CD5+) Deficiency in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Its Relation with Disease Severity. Dig Dis 2018; 36:194-201. [PMID: 29421816 DOI: 10.1159/000486893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS B1a cells (CD19+CD5+) are considered elements of the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of B1a cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and its relation with disease severity. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 128 subjects (64 CD patients and 64 healthy controls) were studied. B1a cells in peripheral blood, CD Activity Index, and Simple Endoscopic Score of B1a cells were studied. RESULTS A significant decrease of B1a cells in peripheral blood was observed in patients with CD versus controls (p = 0.002), especially in perforating or penetrating patterns (p = 0.017). A lower frequency of B1a cells is related to increased endoscopic severity (Spearman's Rho: -0.559, p = 0.004). The mean frequency of B1a cells in patients with pre- and post-study surgery was significantly lower than that in patients who did not undergo surgery (p = 0.050 and p = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The B1a cell count in peripheral blood is lower in CD patients. This decrease is directly related to the severity of the disease (penetrating or perforating, Simple Endoscopy Score and surgery complication). These results pointed to the fact that B1a cells play an important role in immune protection in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gil-Borras
- Department of Digestive, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Ignacio Catalán-Serra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Helse Nord-Trondelag, Levanger, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian Science and Technology University (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Benet-Campos C, Cuéllar C, García-Ballesteros C, Zamora V, Gil-Borrás R, Catalán-Serra I, López-Chuliá F, Andreu-Ballester JC. Determination of Anti-Anisakis Simplex Antibodies and Relationship with αβ and γδ Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:934-943. [PMID: 28168577 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of Crohn's disease (CD) is still unknown although new theories are based on defects in innate immunity. We have previously shown a decrease in γδ T cells in CD patients. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of anti-A. simplex immunoglobulins in CD patients. The diminution of γδ T cells in the peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of CD patients may create a state of immunosuppression that would facilitate A. simplex infection. AIMS To study the antibody responses to Anisakis antigens in Crohn's disease patients and its relationship with αβ and γδ T cell subsets. METHODS We recruited 81 CD patients and 81 healthy controls. αβ and γδ T cell subsets and anti-A. simplex antibodies were measured. RESULTS Levels of anti-A. simplex IgG and IgM were significantly increased in CD patients. Almost 20% of CD patients were positive for IgG and IgM anti-A. simplex versus only 3.7 and 2.5%, respectively, in normal subjects. However, lower specific IgA levels were observed in the group of CD patients versus healthy subjects. We found an association between CD3 + CD8 + γδ subset and IgM anti-A. simplex levels. In ileal cases and stricturing behavior of CD, we observed the highest levels of specific antibodies with the exception of anti-A. simplex IgA. CONCLUSIONS The relationship of specific antibodies with a γδ T cell deficiency makes these cell candidates to play a role in the immune response against Anisakis. In addition, anti-Anisakis antibodies could be considered as markers of risk of progression in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benet-Campos
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Cuéllar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - V Zamora
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Gil-Borrás
- Digestive Department, IBD Unit, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Catalán-Serra
- Digestive Department, IBD Unit, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Department, Levanger Hospital, Helse Nord-Trondelag, Levanger, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian Science and Technology University (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - F López-Chuliá
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - J C Andreu-Ballester
- Research Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, c/San Clemente 12, 46015, Valencia, Spain.
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Sagberg I, Platou C, Haugnes B, Hov H, Rønne E, Catalán-Serra I. Letter to the editor: Colonic findings in a patient with relapse of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31:473-4. [PMID: 25795174 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Sagberg
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Kirkegata 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway.
| | - Carl Platou
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Kirkegata 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bård Haugnes
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Kirkegata 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Håkon Hov
- Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Rønne
- Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ignacio Catalán-Serra
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Kirkegata 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
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Catalán-Serra I, Huguet-Malavés JM, Mínguez M, Torrella E, Paredes JM, Vázquez N, Ramírez JJ, Calvo F, Nos P, Gutiérrez A, Palau A, Cortés J, Ramón-Monllor P, Hinojosa J. Information resources used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Satisfaction, expectations and information gaps. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 38:355-63. [PMID: 25813702 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Information received by IBD patients about their disease is of particular importance. The objective of the study was to determine the information resources these patients used, together with their perceived information gaps and expected preferences. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study conducted on IBD patients attending 13 Spanish hospitals during 2008. Patients completed a semi-structured 52-question survey. RESULTS Survey was adequately completed by 379 of 385 patients (98%), of whom 57% had Crohn's disease and 43% ulcerative colitis. Mean patient age was 37.9 years (range, 16-76 years). Gastroenterologists were the most commonly used resource (98%), followed by the Internet (60%), and general practitioners (50%). More than 90% reported good to excellent satisfaction with gastroenterologists, nurses, and patients' associations. Only 56% considered their information needs to be covered. The Internet was mostly used by young patients and those with a high education level. In the future, 85% of the patients would like to receive information from the gastroenterologists, and 92% by face-to-face interviews. Patients mainly want additional information on treatment (medical and surgical), clinical manifestations, cancer, and mortality risks. They also think that they are poorly informed about their social and work rights, risks of cancer and death, and research trials. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD use and prefer gastroenterologists as the main source of information, but only half of them consider their information needs to be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Catalán-Serra
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Mínguez
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Torrella
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose María Paredes
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narciso Vázquez
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose Joaquín Ramírez
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Gastroenterology, Hospital Lluís Alcanyis de Xàtiva, Xàtiva, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Calvo
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos
- Digestive Disease Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Digestive Disease Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Palau
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital de Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Ramón-Monllor
- Facultad de Ciencias de Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Hinojosa
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
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Andreu-Ballester JC, Garcia-Ballesteros C, Amigo V, Ballester F, Gil-Borrás R, Catalán-Serra I, Magnet A, Fenoy S, del Aguila C, Ferrando-Marco J, Cuéllar C. Microsporidia and its relation to Crohn's disease. A retrospective study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62107. [PMID: 23637975 PMCID: PMC3630148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of Crohn's Disease (CD) remains unknown. Recently a decrease in the global lymphocyte population in the peripheral blood of CD patients has been reported. This decrease was more evident in γδ T lymphocytes, especially γδ CD8+T subsets. Furthermore, a decrease of IL-7 was also observed in these patients. We propose the hypothesis that microsporidia, an obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite recently related to fungi, in CD patients can take advantage of the lymphocytes and IL-7 deficits to proliferate and to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this case-control study, serum samples were collected from 36 CD patients and from 36 healthy individuals (controls), IgE and IgG anti-Encephalitozoon antibodies were determined by ELISA; and forty-four intestinal tissue samples were analyzed through real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), twenty CD patients, nine with others diseases and 15 healthy subjects. We observed that IgE anti-Encephalitozoon levels were significantly higher in patients with CD: 0.386(±0.256) vs control group, 0.201(±0.147), P<0.001. However, IgG anti-Encephalitozoon values were significantly lower in CD patients: 0.361(±0.256) vs control group, 0.876(±0.380), P<0.001. In the group of CD patients, 6/20 (30%) were positive by real time PCR for microsporidia and, all the patients of the control group were negative by real time PCR. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CD patients are a group at risk for microsporidiasis and, moreover that microsporidia may be involved as a possible etiologic factor of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Garcia-Ballesteros
- Research Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Amigo
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Center of Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Angela Magnet
- Laboratory of Parasitology, San Pablo Centro de Estudios Universitarios University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Laboratory of Parasitology, San Pablo Centro de Estudios Universitarios University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen del Aguila
- Laboratory of Parasitology, San Pablo Centro de Estudios Universitarios University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ferrando-Marco
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Andreu-Ballester JC, Pérez-Griera J, Garcia-Ballesteros C, Amigo V, Catalán-Serra I, Monforte-Albalat A, Bixquert-Jiménez M, Ballester F. Deficit of interleukin-7 in serum of patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:E30-1. [PMID: 22314878 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Andreu-Ballester JC, Amigó-García V, Catalán-Serra I, Gil-Borrás R, Ballester F, Almela-Quilis A, Millan-Scheiding M, Peñarroja-Otero C. Deficit of gammadelta T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:2613-22. [PMID: 21374064 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gammadelta T lymphocytes are an important component of innate immunity. Previous studies have shown their role in the development of Crohn's-like colitis in mice. AIMS The aim of this study was to measure the γδ T lymphocyte levels in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. METHODS A prospective study of 40 patients with CD compared with 40 healthy subjects (control group) matched by age and sex was undertaken. Lennard-Jones criteria were used for the diagnosis of CD. Disease activity was measured with the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI). New patients, patients in remission, and patients with active disease were evaluated. Lymphocytic populations of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, CD19+, and αβ and γδ subsets were measured in the peripheral blood of all participants. RESULTS The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocytes were decreased in CD patients compared with the control group (P = 0.002, 0.049, 0.003, and 0.023, respectively). Although both γδ and αβ T lymphocytes were lower in patients with CD, γδ T subsets showed the lowest levels in CD patients (mean 0.0259 × 10(9)/l) versus healthy controls (mean 0.0769 × 10(9)/l), P < 0.001. In particular, γδ CD8+ T subsets (mean 0.0068 × 10(9)/l) had the largest difference compared to the control group (mean 0.0199 × 10(9)/l), P = 0.008. CONCLUSIONS There is a decrease in the global lymphocyte population in the peripheral blood of patients with CD compared to healthy controls. This decrease is more evident in γδ T lymphocytes, especially γδ CD8+ T subsets. Our conclusion is that these results support the theory that a complex alteration of immune responses that affects the total numbers and function of γδ T cells is present in CD.
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Catalán-Serra I, Martín-Moraleda L, Navarro-López L, Gil-Borrás R, Pont-Sanjuán V, Ferrando-Marco J, Herrera-García L, Durbán-Serrano L, Hontangas-Pla V, Benlloch-Pérez S, Escudero-Sanchis A, Gonzalvo-Sorribes JM, Bixquert-Jiménez M. Crohn's disease and Sweet's syndrome: an uncommon association. Rev esp enferm dig 2010; 102:331-7. [DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082010000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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