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Burghi G, Metaxa V, Pickkers P, Soares M, Rello J, Bauer PR, van de Louw A, Taccone FS, Loeches IM, Schellongowski P, Rusinova K, Antonelli M, Kouatchet A, Barratt-Due A, Valkonen M, Pène F, Mokart D, Jaber S, Azoulay E, De Jong A. End of life decisions in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure. J Crit Care 2022; 72:154152. [PMID: 36137351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2022.154152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify patient, disease and organizational factors associated with decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapies (DFLSTs) in critically ill immunocompromised patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute respiratory failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of the international EFRAIM prospective study, which enrolled 1611 immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure admitted to 68 ICUs in 16 countries between October 2015 and June 2016. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of DFLSTs. RESULTS The main causes of immunosuppression were hematological malignancies (50%) and solid tumor (38%). Patients had a median age of 63 yo (54-71). A pulmonologist was involved in the patient management in 38% of cases. DFLSTs had been implemented in 28% of the patients. The following variables were independently associated with DFLSTs: 1) patient-related: older age (OR 1.02 per one year increase, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.01-1.03,P < 0.001), poor performance status (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.98-3.93, P < 0.001); 2) disease-related: shock (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.45-2.75, P < 0.001), liver failure (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14-2.21, P = 0.006), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.31-2.46, P < 0.001); 3) organizational: having a pulmonologist involved in patient management (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.36-2.52, P < 0.001), and the presence of a critical care outreach services (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.11-2.38, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS A DFLST is made in one in four immunocompromised patient admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure. Involving a pulmonologist in patient's management is associated with less non beneficial care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Burghi
- Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Maciel - Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Peter Pickkers
- The Department of Intensive Care Medicine (710), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcio Soares
- Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Maciel - Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jordi Rello
- CIBERES, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, European Study Group of Infections in Critically Ill Patients (ESGCIP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe R Bauer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andry van de Louw
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Martin Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Katerina Rusinova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Institute for Medical Humanities, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Achille Kouatchet
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Angers, France
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miia Valkonen
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Medical ICU, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Djamel Mokart
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Samir Jaber
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care unit, Regional University Hospital of Montpellier, St-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, Phymedexp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis and Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, cedex 10 75475, Paris
| | - Audrey De Jong
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care unit, Regional University Hospital of Montpellier, St-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, Phymedexp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Leone M, Lakbar I, Lopez A, Zunino C, Loeches IM. Selective digestive decontamination and COVID-19: Uncertainty in a moving area. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 41:101009. [PMID: 34920151 PMCID: PMC8670106 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Leone
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Ines Lakbar
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Claire Zunino
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Ignacio Martin Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Messika J, Darmon M, Mal H, Pickkers P, Soares M, Canet E, Rello J, Bauer PR, van de Louw A, Lemiale V, Taccone FS, Loeches IM, Schellongowski P, Mehta S, Antonelli M, Kouatchet A, Barratt-Due A, Valkonen M, Bruneel F, Pène F, Metaxa V, Moreau AS, Burghi G, Montini L, Barbier F, Nielsen LB, Mokart D, Chevret S, Zafrani L, Azoulay E. Etiologies and Outcomes of Acute Respiratory Failure in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Insight Into the EFRAIM Multicenter Cohort. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:2980-2987. [PMID: 32499142 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory complications of solid organ transplant (SOT) are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge when requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We aimed at describing this challenge in a prospective cohort of SOT recipients admitted in the ICU. METHODS In this post hoc analysis of an international cohort of immunocompromised patients admitted in the ICU for an acute respiratory failure, we analyzed all SOT recipients and compared their severity, etiologic diagnosis, prognosis, and outcome according to the performance of an invasive diagnostic strategy (encompassing a fiber-optic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage), the type of transplanted organ, and the need of invasive ventilation at day 1. RESULTS Among 1611 patients included in the primary study, 142 were SOT recipients (kidney, n = 73; 51.4%; lung, n = 33; 23.2%; liver, n = 29; 20.4%; heart, n = 7; 4.9%). Lung transplant recipients were younger than other SOT recipients, and severity did not differ across type of received organ. An invasive diagnostic strategy was more frequently performed in lung transplant recipients with a trend toward a higher rate of bacterial etiology in lung than kidney transplant recipients. Overall ICU survival of SOT recipients was 75.4%. Invasive diagnostic strategy, type of transplanted organ, and need of invasive mechanical ventilation at day 1 did not affect ICU prognosis. CONCLUSIONS ICU management of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in SOT recipients translated into a low ICU mortality rate, whatever the transplanted organ or the acute respiratory failure cause. The post-ICU burden of acute respiratory failure SOT recipients remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Messika
- Pulmonology and Lung Transplant Unit, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP.Nord- Université de Paris, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, PHERE, UMR1152, INSERM, Paris Transplant Group, F-75018 Paris, France.
| | - Michael Darmon
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP.Nord-Université de Paris ECSTRA team, and Clinical Epidemiology, UMR 1153, Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRESS, INSERM Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Mal
- Pulmonology and Lung Transplant Unit, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP.Nord- Université de Paris, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, PHERE, UMR1152, INSERM, Paris Transplant Group, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine (710), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcio Soares
- Department of Critical Care and Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Canet
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôtel Dieu-HME University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jordi Rello
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red - CIBERES & Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe R Bauer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Andry van de Louw
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Virginie Lemiale
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP.Nord-Université de Paris ECSTRA team, and Clinical Epidemiology, UMR 1153, Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRESS, INSERM Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Martin Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Wellcome Trust-HRB Clinical Research Facility, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sangeeta Mehta
- Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Achille Kouatchet
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miia Valkonen
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabrice Bruneel
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, André Mignot Hospital, CH Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Medical ICU, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Sophie Moreau
- Critical Care Center, CHU Lille, School of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gaston Burghi
- Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luca Montini
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - François Barbier
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Source Hospital, CHR Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Lene B Nielsen
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Djamel Mokart
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmette, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Chevret
- ECSTRA Team, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, UMR 1153, INSERM, Paris Diderot Sorbonne University and Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP.Nord-Université de Paris ECSTRA team, and Clinical Epidemiology, UMR 1153, Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRESS, INSERM Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP.Nord-Université de Paris ECSTRA team, and Clinical Epidemiology, UMR 1153, Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRESS, INSERM Paris Diderot Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Azoulay E, Russell L, Van de Louw A, Metaxa V, Bauer P, Povoa P, Montero JG, Loeches IM, Mehta S, Puxty K, Schellongowski P, Rello J, Mokart D, Lemiale V, Mirouse A. Diagnosis of severe respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:298-314. [PMID: 32034433 PMCID: PMC7080052 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of critically ill patients are immunocompromised. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF), chiefly due to pulmonary infection, is the leading reason for ICU admission. Identifying the cause of ARF increases the chances of survival, but may be extremely challenging, as the underlying disease, treatments, and infection combine to create complex clinical pictures. In addition, there may be more than one infectious agent, and the pulmonary manifestations may be related to both infectious and non-infectious insults. Clinically or microbiologically documented bacterial pneumonia accounts for one-third of cases of ARF in immunocompromised patients. Early antibiotic therapy is recommended but decreases the chances of identifying the causative organism(s) to about 50%. Viruses are the second most common cause of severe respiratory infections. Positive tests for a virus in respiratory samples do not necessarily indicate a role for the virus in the current acute illness. Invasive fungal infections (Aspergillus, Mucorales, and Pneumocystis jirovecii) account for about 15% of severe respiratory infections, whereas parasites rarely cause severe acute infections in immunocompromised patients. This review focuses on the diagnosis of severe respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients. Special attention is given to newly validated diagnostic tests designed to be used on non-invasive samples or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and capable of increasing the likelihood of an early etiological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Azoulay
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital and Paris University, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Lene Russell
- Department of Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet and Copenhagen Academy for Medical Simulation and Education, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andry Van de Louw
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Metaxa
- Department of Critical Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philippe Bauer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pedro Povoa
- Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, NOVA Medical School, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Garnacho Montero
- Intensive Care Clinical Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martin Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, St James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Puxty
- Department of Intensive Care, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Schellongowski
- Department of Medicine I, Intensive Care Unit 13i2, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center of Excellence in Medical Intensive Care (CEMIC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jordi Rello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CRIPS Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Djamel Mokart
- Critical Care Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Lemiale
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital and Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Mirouse
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital and Paris University, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Serpa Neto A, Martin Loeches I, Klanderman RB, Freitas Silva R, Gama de Abreu M, Pelosi P, Schultz MJ. Balanced versus isotonic saline resuscitation-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in operation rooms and intensive care units. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5:323. [PMID: 28861420 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.07.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone in treatment of shock, and intravenous fluid administration is the most frequent intervention in operation rooms and intensive care units (ICUs). The composition of fluids used for fluid resuscitation gained interest over the past decade, with recent focus on whether balanced solutions should be preferred over isotonic saline. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing fluid resuscitation with a balanced solution versus isotonic saline in adult patients in operation room or ICUs. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, secondary outcomes included occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). RESULTS The search identified 11 RCTs involving 2,703 patients; 8 trials were conducted in operation room and 3 in ICU. In-hospital mortality, as well as the occurrence of AKI and need for RRT was not different between resuscitation with balanced solutions versus isotonic saline, neither in operation room nor in ICU patients. Serum chloride levels, but not arterial pH, were significantly lower in patients resuscitated with balanced solutions. CONCLUSIONS Currently evidence insufficiently supports the use of balanced over isotonic saline for fluid resuscitation to improve outcome of operation room and ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Serpa Neto
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Martin Loeches
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St James's Hospital, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert B Klanderman
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, IRCCS San Martino IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (LEICA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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