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Schmachtenberg T, Königs G, Roder S, Müller F, Müllenmeister C, Schröder D, El-Sayed I. How do people with long COVID utilize COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation services and what are their experiences with these services? results of a qualitative study with 48 participants from Germany. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:915. [PMID: 38549052 PMCID: PMC10976759 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies estimate that at least 7.5% of adults are affected by long-term symptoms such as fatigue or cognitive impairment after the acute phase of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination may reduce the risk of long COVID. Rehabilitation can have a positive impact on recovery. This study aims to present the experiences of people with long COVID with COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation. Such research is important because perceptions of these measures can impact healthcare utilization and health status. METHODS 48 adults with long COVID participated in this qualitative study, 25 of them in one-on-one interviews and 23 in focus groups. Participants were recruited via calls for participation on the websites and social media channels of two university hospitals and with the help of respondents' networks. The conversations were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, the results were compared, interpreted, and discussed by scientific literature. RESULTS 35 study participants reported that they had received a COVID-19 vaccination and 16 of them stated that they had utilized a rehabilitation service. These participants had varying experiences with COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation. Nine of them stated that they developed long COVID despite vaccination before COVID-19. Ten participants reported vaccine reactions, and two participants reported severe side effects. Two participants reported persistent deterioration of their long COVID symptoms after vaccination. This led to uncertainty about the safety, benefits, and handling of COVID-19 vaccination. However, most participants perceived the vaccine as effective regarding milder COVID-19 sequelae. Four participants felt their rehabilitation was helpful and four participants felt it was unhelpful. Two persons found the combination of inpatient rehabilitation and rehabilitation sport helpful. CONCLUSIONS Several implications can be derived from this study: (1) researchers should explore the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on long COVID symptoms; (2) vaccination campaigns should be more responsive to the perspectives of people with long COVID on vaccination; (3) care planners should build rehabilitation facilities specialized in long COVID; (4) rehabilitation providers should train their professionals regarding long COVID and develop rehabilitation programs tailored to different clinical pictures. TRIAL REGISTRATION German register for clinical trials DRKS00026007, 09 September 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schmachtenberg
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gloria Königs
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Roder
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Bielefeld, Interaktion 1, 33619, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 15 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, 49503, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christina Müllenmeister
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schröder
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iman El-Sayed
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Schmachtenberg T, Königs G, Dragaqina A, Roder S, Müller F, Müllenmeister C, Schröder D, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Vieth K, El-Sayed I. "There is no one who helps you with it": experiences of people with long COVID regarding medical care, therapeutic measures, and barriers in the German healthcare system: results of a qualitative study with four focus groups. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1160. [PMID: 37884993 PMCID: PMC10601213 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people experience long-term symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive problems, or shortness of breath after an acute infection with COVID-19. This emerging syndrome, known as long COVID, is new and complex in many aspects. This study aims to collect the experiences of people with long COVID with ambulatory healthcare structures. METHODS Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 23 adults with long COVID in June and July 2022. These discussions were audio-recorded, subsequently transcribed, and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis of Mayring and Kuckartz. RESULTS Fourteen out of 19 participants who had a primary care encounter regarding their long COVID symptoms did not perceive it as helpful. Many respondents reported that their general practitioners did not take their long COVID symptoms seriously and did not refer them to specialists or made therapeutic recommendations. However, some participants reported that they were prescribed non-pharmaceutical therapies (e.g., group meetings supported by psychotherapists, occupational therapy, etc.) that improved their condition. 14 of 23 respondents perceived care barriers such as providers' lack of awareness of long COVID, poor access to specialists, a lack of specialized care (e.g., long COVID clinics), or high bureaucratic hurdles for specific healthcare services. To improve medical care, participants suggested campaigns to raise awareness of long COVID among healthcare providers and the general population, increase research and government investments regarding the development of treatment structures for long COVID, expanding existing therapeutic services, and establishing one-stop shops for integrated specialist healthcare for people with long COVID. CONCLUSIONS Several implications for healthcare professionals and policymakers can be derived from this study: (1) general practitioners should take the symptoms of long COVID seriously, assume a care coordinating role, make referrals, and establish contact with long COVID clinics; (2) care planners should focus on developing interprofessional evidence-based care and treatment approaches for long COVID; (3) existing care structures such as long COVID outpatient clinics should be expanded. The overarching goal must be to develop consistent guidelines for long COVID diagnosis, care, and treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS00026007, first registration on 09/09/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schmachtenberg
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gloria Königs
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anita Dragaqina
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Roder
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 15 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Christina Müllenmeister
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schröder
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Feodor-Lynen- Str. 26, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Vieth
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iman El-Sayed
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Homann S, Mikuteit M, Niewolik J, Behrens GMN, Stölting A, Müller F, Schröder D, Heinemann S, Müllenmeister C, El-Sayed I, Happle C, Steffens S, Dopfer-Jablonka A. Effects of Pre-Existing Mental Conditions on Fatigue and Psychological Symptoms Post-COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9924. [PMID: 36011559 PMCID: PMC9408008 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who are post-COVID-19 will require more treatment soon. Therefore, it is important to understand the root cause of their psychological and somatic conditions. Previous studies showed contradictory results on the influence of pre-existing mental conditions. The present study examines the influence of these pre-existing conditions and their pre-treatment on the severity of post-COVID-19 symptoms. METHODS This analysis employs questionnaire data from a large study sample in Germany. Overall, 801 participants were included. All participants rated their health status on a scale from 0 to 100. Fatigue, depression, and anxiety were measured using the FAS, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scales. RESULTS All pre-pandemic values showed no significant differences between the groups. The current health status was rated similarly by the recovered patients (μ = 80.5 ± 17.0) and the control group (μ = 81.2 ± 18.0) but significantly worse by acutely infected (μ = 59.0 ± 21.5) and post-COVID-19 patients (μ = 54.2 ± 21.1). Fatigue, depression, and anxiety were similar for recovered patients and the control group. By contrast, there were significant differences between the control and the post-COVID-19 groups concerning fatigue (45.9% vs. 93.1%), depression (19.3% vs. 53.8%), and anxiety (19.3% vs. 22.3%). CONCLUSION Fatigue and psychological conditions of post-COVID-19 patients are not associated with pre-existing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Homann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Mikuteit
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Dean’s Office, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Niewolik
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Stölting
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schröder
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heinemann
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Müllenmeister
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iman El-Sayed
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease—BREATH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster for Infection Research RESIST—Resolving Infection Susceptibility, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Steffens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Dean’s Office, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Yu Y, El-Sayed I, McDermott M, Theodosopoulos P, Glastonbury C, Yom S. Prognostic Value of Upfront Non-Surgical Management and/or Surgical Margin Status for Advanced Sinonasal Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wieduwild R, Wetzel R, Husman D, Bauer S, El-Sayed I, Duin S, Murawala P, Thomas AK, Wobus M, Bornhäuser M, Zhang Y. Coacervation-Mediated Combinatorial Synthesis of Biomatrices for Stem Cell Culture and Directed Differentiation. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1706100. [PMID: 29659062 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial screening represents a promising strategy to discover biomaterials for tailored cell culture applications. Although libraries incorporating different biochemical cues have been investigated, few simultaneously recapitulate relevant biochemical, physical, and dynamic features of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, a noncovalent system based on liquid-liquid phase separation (coacervation) and gelation mediated by glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-peptide interactions is reported. Multiple biomaterial libraries are generated using combinations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated peptides. Screening these biomaterials reveals preferred biomatrices for the attachment of six cell types, including primary mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary neural precursor cells (NPCs). Incorporation of GAGs sustains the expansion of all tested cell types comparable to standard cell culture surfaces, while osteogenic differentiation of MSC and neuronal differentiation of NPC are promoted on chondroitin and heparan biomatrices, respectively. The presented noncovalent system provides a powerful tool for developing tissue-specific ECM mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieduwild
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Wetzel
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dejan Husman
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Bauer
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iman El-Sayed
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Duin
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Priyanka Murawala
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alvin Kuriakose Thomas
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Yu Y, El-Sayed I, McDermott M, Kased N, Glastonbury C, Garsa A, Yom S. Patterns of Failure After Multimodality Treatment of Esthesioneuroblastoma: High Risk for Dural/Leptomeningeal Failure Among Patients With Dural Invasion at Long-Term Follow-Up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu M, Garsa A, Lazar A, Arron S, Ryan W, El-Sayed I, George J, Algazi A, Heaton C, Ha P, Yom S. Prognostic Factors for Recurrence and Survival Independent of the Revised AJCC 8th Edition Staging System in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Multimodality Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yu Y, Chen J, El-Sayed I, Krishnamurthy D, Shugard E, Garsa A, Seth R, Yom S. Dosimetric Predictors of Nasolacrimal Duct Stenosis Following Radiation Therapy for Sinonasal Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ouyang D, El-Sayed I, Yom S. National Trends in Surgery for Sinonasal Malignancy and the Effect of Hospital Volume on Short-Term Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Tracheal extubation remains a critical and often overlooked period of difficult airway management. A 66-year-old man, scheduled for C5-C7 anterior fusion, with an easy view of the vocal cords, presented with a sublaryngeal obstruction that required a reduced tracheal tube size. Despite correct tube placement, intra-operative ventilation remained difficult. At the end of surgery a pulsatile tracheal compression was fibreopticially observed above the carina. After discussion with the attending otolaryngologist, neuromuscular blockade was antagonised and the patient was able to maintain normal minute volumes while spontaneously ventilating. With the otolaryngologist present, and with the patient conscious, the trachea was successfully extubated over an airway exchange catheter. A subsequent CT scan revealed an impingement of the trachea by the innominate artery and a mildly ectatic ascending and descending aorta that, in conjunction with tracheomalacia and neuromuscular blockade, could explain the observed signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antoine
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A. Fischer
- b Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H. S. Slem
- a Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Alahuhta M, Salin M, Casteleijn MG, Kemmer C, El-Sayed I, Augustyns K, Neubauer P, Wierenga RK. Structure-based protein engineering efforts with a monomeric TIM variant: the importance of a single point mutation for generating an active site with suitable binding properties. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 21:257-66. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abo-Zenah H, Al-Hendy A, Ismail H, El-Sayed I. THE REACTIVE NATURE OF ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER: EVIDENCE FROM STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALL ANTIGEN DETECTION BY IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY. ELECTRON J GEN MED 2008. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Donlan RM, Piede JA, Heyes CD, Sanii L, Murga R, Edmonds P, El-Sayed I, El-Sayed MA. Model system for growing and quantifying Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms in situ and in real time. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:4980-8. [PMID: 15294838 PMCID: PMC492445 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.8.4980-4988.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae forms biofilms, but little is known about its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or the kinetics of biofilm formation. A system was developed to enable the simultaneous measurement of cells and the EPS of biofilm-associated S. pneumoniae in situ over time. A biofilm reactor containing germanium coupons was interfaced to an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) germanium cell of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) laser spectrometer. Biofilm-associated cells were recovered from the coupons and quantified by total and viable cell count methods. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of biofilms formed on the germanium internal reflection element (IRE) of the ATR cell provided a continuous spectrum of biofilm protein and polysaccharide (a measure of the EPS). Staining of the biofilms on the IRE surface with specific fluorescent probes provided confirmatory evidence for the biofilm structure and the presence of biofilm polysaccharides. Biofilm protein and polysaccharides were detected within hours after inoculation and continued to increase for the next 141 h. The polysaccharide band increased at a substantially higher rate than did the protein band, demonstrating increasing coverage of the IRE surface with biofilm polysaccharides. The biofilm total cell counts on germanium coupons stabilized after 21 h, at approximately 10(5) cells per cm(2), while viable counts decreased as the biofilm aged. This system is unique in its ability to detect and quantify biofilm-associated cells and EPS of S. pneumoniae over time by using multiple, corroborative techniques. This approach could prove useful for the study of biofilm processes of this or other microorganisms of clinical or industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Donlan
- Biofilm Laboratory, ELB/DHQP/NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop C-16, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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El-Sayed I, Hatanaka Y, Onozawa SY, Tanaka M. Unusual locking of silicon chains into all-transoid conformation by pentacoordinate silicon atoms. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:3597-8. [PMID: 11472133 DOI: 10.1021/ja0040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA 02118, USA
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