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Rodríguez-Ortega WM, Martínez V, Nieves M, Simón I, Lidón V, Fernandez-Zapata JC, Martinez-Nicolas JJ, Cámara-Zapata JM, García-Sánchez F. Agricultural and Physiological Responses of Tomato Plants Grown in Different Soilless Culture Systems with Saline Water under Greenhouse Conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6733. [PMID: 31043619 PMCID: PMC6494837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the most important horticultural crop in the world. The yields for this crop are highest in Southeastern Spain. In this work we studied a commercial variety of tomato, with different soilless culture systems (deep flow technique, nutrient film technique, and the perlite substrate) and three levels of salinity (2.2, 6.3, and 10.2 dS·m-1) typical of Southeastern Spain. The irrigation management was carried out for optimizing the water use efficiency. Alterations in the water status of the plants, Cl- and Na+ toxicity, and nutritional imbalances altered the vegetative growth and physiology of the plants. The marketable yield was affected by both soilless culture system and salinity. Regarding the soilles culture system, yield decreased in the order: deep flow technique > perlite > nutrient film technique. The salinity treatments improved the fruits quality by increasing the total soluble solids and titratable acidity. Plants cultivated with the nutrient film technique had the highest concentrations of Cl- and Na+ and the highest Na+/K+ ratio. The concentrations of Cl- and Na+ in the plants were not related directly to the yield loss. Therefore, the influence of the toxicity, osmotic effect, and nutritional imbalance seems to have been responsible for the yield loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert M Rodríguez-Ortega
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 3A, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 3A, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Alicante, Spain
| | - I Simón
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Alicante, Spain
| | - V Lidón
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Alicante, Spain
| | - J C Fernandez-Zapata
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Alicante, Spain
| | - J J Martinez-Nicolas
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M Cámara-Zapata
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Francisco García-Sánchez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 3A, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
To investigate the role of HbA1c in postpartum reclassification of gestational diabetes (GDM) we studied 364 women with GDM attending the postpartum reclassification assessment of their glucose tolerance status. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and HbA1c was determined. Diabetes was diagnosed in 12 (3.3%), 7 (1.9%) and 2 (0.6%) women according to the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or the 2-hour OGTT, the FPG alone and HbA1c levels, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for HbA1c to diagnose diabetes was 16.7% and 100%, respectively, for FPG and OGTT criteria. The combination of a cutoff value of 5.5% for HbA1c and FPG allowed us to identify 95.1% of women with any kind of glucose intolerance. We conclude that in the early postpartum period, the cutoff of 6.5% for HbA1c alone has low sensitivity for the diagnosis of diabetes compared with OGTT, but the combination of FPG and HbA1c at a lower cutoff value is very useful to identify women with any kind of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Megia
- University Hospital Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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Llauradó G, Gallart L, Tirado R, Megia A, Simón I, Caixàs A, Giménez-Palop O, Berlanga E, Vendrell J, González-Clemente JM. Insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49:33-9. [PMID: 21290251 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the relationships between insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who do not have clinical macrovascular complications. A total of 120 subjects diagnosed with T1DM 14 years before were evaluated for the following: (1) sex, age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, smoking, alcohol intake, insulin dose, HbA1c and lipid profile; (2) microvascular complications; (3) plasma concentrations of soluble fractions of tumour necrosis factor-α receptors type 1 and 2, interleukin-6, adiponectin, leptin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); and (4) insulin resistance (estimation of the glucose disposal rate-eGDR). Those subjects with an eGDR below the median of the same sex group were classified as insulin resistant and the others as insulin sensitive. Insulin-resistant men, compared to the insulin-sensitive, had higher WHR (0.89 ± 0.08 vs. 0.83 ± 0.05; P < 0.01), higher systolic [121 (118-125) vs. 114 (108-120) mmHg; P = 0.01] and diastolic [73 (66-80) vs. 67 (70-73) mmHg; P = 0.02] blood pressures, higher HbA1c values [8.7 (8.1-9.9) vs. 7.5 (7.2-8.0) %; P < 0.01] and higher hs-CRP concentrations [1.16 (0.61-3.20) vs. 0.49 (0.31-0.82) mg/dl; P = 0.01], but no other significant differences between groups were found. Insulin-resistant women had higher WHR and HbA1c values, compared to the insulin-sensitive, but they did not have any other differences. In men, hs-CRP correlated significantly with WHR and HbA1c (r = 0.363; P = 0.016 and r = 0.317; P = 0.036, respectively), after adjusting for age, alcohol intake, smoking and microvascular complications. Insulin-resistant men with T1DM have an increase in plasma concentrations of hs-CRP. Central obesity and HbA1c are its main determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Llauradó
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària i Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Spain.
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Yeste D, Vendrell J, Tomasini R, Gallart LL, Clemente M, Simón I, Albisu M, Gussinyé M, Audi L, Carrascosa A. Retinol-binding protein 4 levels in obese children and adolescents with glucose intolerance. Horm Res Paediatr 2010; 73:335-40. [PMID: 20389103 DOI: 10.1159/000308165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is known to be involved in obesity-associated insulin resistance. AIMS To study the relationships between the degree of adiposity, insulin resistance indices, plasma lipids, inflammatory parameters, glucose intolerance (GI) status and plasma RBP4 levels in obese children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective study comprising 199 obese patients (95 boys) aged 8-16 years (11.8 +/- 1.9). Fifty-three subjects (23 boys) of similar mean age, 11.3 +/- 2.1 years, served as controls. BMI, waist and hip circumferences, plasma lipids, and inflammatory parameters were measured and patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma RBP4 levels were determined by nephelometry. RESULTS Plasma RBP4 levels (pg/ml) in obese patients with GI (n = 15) were higher (45.0 +/- 14.1) compared with those of obese patients without GI (35.9 +/- 11.7, p = 0.02; n = 184) and controls (31.5 +/- 12.3, p = 0.04) in a generalized linear model adjusted for age, sex, BMI and pubertal status. A negative correlation was found between the skeletal muscle insulin resistance index and RBP4; positive correlations were found between the RBP4 and BMI Z-score (r = 0.213, p < 0.001), waist circumferences (r = 0.135, p < 0.05), plasma triglycerides (r = 0.187, p = 0.005) and apolipoprotein B (0.187, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a direct relationship between circulating insulin and RBP4 levels, which indicates that this protein might contribute to the development of muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yeste
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Maternoinfantil Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University, and CIBER Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
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Miranda M, Escoté X, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Alcaide MJ, Simón I, Vilarrasa N, Wabitsch M, Vendrell J. Paired subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue aquaporin-7 expression in human obesity and type 2 diabetes: differences and similarities between depots. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:3470-9. [PMID: 20463097 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AQP7 is considered to be the sole adipose glycerol channel, and its regulation is crucial for glycemia control. OBJECTIVES In this work, we aimed to further characterize AQP7 in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D): 1) to assess AQP7 expression levels in paired abdominal adipose tissue depots (sc and visceral); 2) to relate it with gene expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism; and 3) to confirm that AQP7 is mainly expressed in the adipocytes. DESIGN We conducted a transversal study of gene expression in paired samples of sc adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). PATIENTS Caucasian lean and obese subjects (n = 62, matched for age and gender) and T2D subjects (n = 11, matched for age, gender, and BMI with their control group) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We measured AQP7 expression levels in paired SAT and VAT. RESULTS We have proved the presence of AQP7 mRNA and protein in the adipocyte rather than the stromovascular fraction of adipose tissue (P = 0.001) and in mature adipocytes when differentiated in vitro. Increased AQP7 mRNA expression levels in VAT from T2D obese subjects (P < 0.05) were found. AQP7 transcript levels ratio of SAT vs. VAT changed with the presence of obesity and T2D. Interestingly, there were positive associations between AQP7 and both lipogenic and lipolytic genes in a similar manner in both adipose depots. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest a subtle regulation between adipose depots of the sole adipose aquaporin, AQP7, which is unbalanced in obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miranda
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Caixàs A, Tirado R, Vendrell J, Gallart L, Megía A, Simón I, Llauradó G, González-Clemente JM, Giménez-Palop O. Plasma visfatin concentrations increase in both hyper and hypothyroid subjects after normalization of thyroid function and are not related to insulin resistance, anthropometric or inflammatory parameters. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 71:733-8. [PMID: 19222486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate plasma visfatin levels in thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with inflammatory, anthropometric and insulin resistance parameters. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Twenty-four hyperthyroid and 27 hypothyroid patients were studied before and after treatment. Forty-five euthyroid subjects were used as control group. MEASUREMENTS Fasting plasma visfatin, IL-6, C reactive protein, adiponectin, thyroid hormones, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, percentage of body fat and homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured. RESULTS Hyperthyroid patients showed increased insulin resistance, IL-6 and visfatin levels compared with controls (3.21 +/- 3.0 vs. 1.67 +/- 0.75, P = 0.022; 3.35 +/- 0.41 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.25 pg/ml, P = 0.016; and 37.4 +/- 5.81 vs. 23.79 +/- 4.2 ng/ml, P = 0.061 respectively). After normalization of thyroid function, IL-6 levels and HOMA-IR decreased (2.35 +/- 0.37 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.25 pg/ml, P = 0.045 and 3.21 +/- 0.60 vs. 2.28 +/- 0.38, P = 0.032 respectively), while body weight, adiposity and visfatin levels increased (26.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 26.7 +/- 1.2 kg/m(2), P = 0.049; 30.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 32.2 +/- 1.6%, P = 0.007; and 37.4 +/- 5.81 vs. 63.13 +/- 8.72 ng/ml, P = 0.047 respectively). C reactive protein and adiponectin levels were similar to those of the control group. Hypothyroid patients showed high visfatin levels (40.59 +/- 3.07 vs. 29.34 +/- 4.9 ng/ml, P = 0.049) that increased after treatment (81.4 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, P = 0.001) without changes in anthropometric or insulin resistance parameters. C reactive protein, IL-6 and adiponectin levels were similar to those of the control group. No correlations between visfatin and any analysed parameter were found in either hyper- or hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION Visfatin exhibits a marked increase after normalization of thyroid function in both hyper and hypothyroid patients. We suggest that visfatin may play a role in the hormone stabilization process independent of anthropometric, inflammatory or insulin resistance variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caixàs
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, c/Taulí s/n, Sabadell, Spain.
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Guisasola MC, Calvo F, Marcos P, Simón I, Villanueva FJ, Andrés E, Suárez A, García-Barreno P. Peripheral leukocyte response to oncological radiotherapy: Expression of heat shock proteins. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 82:171-9. [PMID: 16638714 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600643516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) expression in patients subjected to radiotherapy and their potential use as biomarkers for radiation tolerance. An evaluation is also made of whether irradiated volume is critical to the outcome of normal tissue injury using polymorphonuclear neutrophils as biosensors, and whether HSP antibodies (Ab) may be involved in post-radiotherapy disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve patients receiving the same total dose of radiotherapy, but in three different volumes, and four healthy volunteers used as controls were analysed. hsp27 and 70i mRNA were determined by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern-blot, HSP by flow cytometry, and HSP-Ab by Enzyme-linked Immnoadsorbent Assay (ELISA). The clinical protocol included radiation related toxicity based on clinical and analytical scales. RESULTS Radiotherapy caused hsp downregulation, maximum in patients with the largest irradiated volumes, and a decrease in intracellular HSP content. Patients with greatest intraleukocyte HSP levels before treatment suffered more severe radiation morbidity. Patients with endocrine neoplasms presented the highest HSP-Ab titers. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy downregulates hsp27 and 70i, which would enhance radiosensitivity. HSP content prior to treatment is suggested as a prognostic biomarker for radiation tolerance, with circulating leukocytes as biosensors. HSP-Ab may be biomarkers of tumor disease, but do not seem to be involved in the morbidity of acute post-radiotherapy disease, which is closely related to the volumes irradiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Guisasola
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Experimental Medical and Surgery Unit, and Oncology Department Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Chacón MR, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Maymó-Masip E, Mateo-Sanz JM, Arola L, Guitiérrez C, Fernandez-Real JM, Ardèvol A, Simón I, Vendrell J. Grape-seed procyanidins modulate inflammation on human differentiated adipocytes in vitro. Cytokine 2009; 47:137-42. [PMID: 19560935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are functional constituents of many fruits and vegetables. Procyanidins are flavonoids with an oligomeric structure, and it has been shown that they can improve the pathological oxidative state of a diabetic situation. To evaluate whether procyanidins can modulate inflammation, an event strongly associated with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance states, we used human adipocytes (SGBS) and macrophage-like (THP-1) cell lines and administered an extract of grape-seed procyanidins (GSPE). THP-1 and SGBS cells pre-treated with GSPE showed a reduction of IL-6 and MCP-1 expression after an inflammatory stimulus. GSPE stimuli alone modulate adipokine (APM1 and LEP) and cytokine (IL-6 and MCP-1) gene expression. GSPE partially inhibited NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus in both cell lines. These preliminary findings demonstrate that GSPE reduces the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 and enhances the production of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin suggesting that may have a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammatory diseases such obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde R Chacón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), University Hospital of Tarragona, Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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Agüero A, Pinedo P, Simón I, Cancio D, Moraleda M, Trueba C, Pérez-Sánchez D. Application of the Spanish methodological approach for biosphere assessment to a generic high-level waste disposal site. Sci Total Environ 2008; 403:34-58. [PMID: 18614203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A methodological approach which includes conceptual developments, methodological aspects and software tools have been developed in the Spanish context, based on the BIOMASS "Reference Biospheres Methodology". The biosphere assessments have to be undertaken with the aim of demonstrating compliance with principles and regulations established to limit the possible radiological impact of radioactive waste disposals on human health and on the environment, and to ensure that future generations will not be exposed to higher radiation levels than those that would be acceptable today. The biosphere in the context of high-level waste disposal is defined as the collection of various radionuclide transfer pathways that may result in releases into the surface environment, transport within and between the biosphere receptors, exposure of humans and biota, and the doses/risks associated with such exposures. The assessments need to take into account the complexity of the biosphere, the nature of the radionuclides released and the long timescales considered. It is also necessary to make assumptions related to the habits and lifestyle of the exposed population, human activities in the long term and possible modifications of the biosphere. A summary on the Spanish methodological approach for biosphere assessment are presented here as well as its application in a Spanish generic case study. A reference scenario has been developed based on current conditions at a site located in Central-West Spain, to indicate the potential impact to the actual population. In addition, environmental change has been considered qualitatively through the use of interaction matrices and transition diagrams. Unit source terms of (36)Cl, (79)Se, (99)Tc, (129)I, (135)Cs, (226)Ra, (231)Pa, (238)U, (237)Np and (239)Pu have been taken. Two exposure groups of infants and adults have been chosen for dose calculations. Results are presented and their robustness is evaluated through the use of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agüero
- CIEMAT/DMA, Avenida Complutense, 22, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Caixàs A, Giménez-Palop O, Broch M, Vilardell C, Megía A, Simón I, Giménez-Pérez G, Mauricio D, Vendrell J, Richart C, González-Clemente JM. Adult subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome show more low-grade systemic inflammation than matched obese subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:169-75. [PMID: 18362510 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adult subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) may show several conditions that are associated with an activation of innate immunity such as obesity, deficient GH secretion or hypogonadism. Our aim was to study whether obese adult PWS subjects show an additional low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI) in relation to obese adult non-PWS subjects and lean healthy control subjects before and after a standardized liquid meal. METHODS Seven obese adult PWS subjects, 7 matched obese non-PWS subjects and 7 lean healthy control subjects were studied for 6 h from the administration of a standard liquid meal. RESULTS Compared to non-PWS, PWS subjects showed higher plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.030), complement component C3 (p=0.018), interleukin(IL)-18 (p=0.048), and IL-6 (p=0.041) that persisted post-prandially elevated for CRP (p<0.0001), C3 (p=0.015), and IL-18 (p=0.003). Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha did not differ between the 3 groups. These results were independent from IGF-I levels, homeostasis model assessment index, and body mass index (BMI). In male subjects with PWS, testosterone levels correlated to IL-18 (r=-0,646, p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS Compared to matched non-PWS subjects, the obese PWS subjects in this study showed an additional LGSI that persisted postprandially and was independent from BMI, insulin resistance, and deficient GH secretion. However, in PWS males, high IL-18 levels were related to low testosterone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caixàs
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Sabadell Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Agüero A, Pinedo P, Cancio D, Simón I, Moraleda M, Pérez-Sánchez D, Trueba C. Spanish methodological approach for biosphere assessment of radioactive waste disposal. Sci Total Environ 2007; 384:36-47. [PMID: 17588645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of radioactive waste disposal facilities requires implementation of measures that will afford protection of human health and the environment over a specific temporal frame that depends on the characteristics of the wastes. The repository design is based on a multi-barrier system: (i) the near-field or engineered barrier, (ii) far-field or geological barrier and (iii) the biosphere system. Here, the focus is on the analysis of this last system, the biosphere. A description is provided of conceptual developments, methodological aspects and software tools used to develop the Biosphere Assessment Methodology in the context of high-level waste (HLW) disposal facilities in Spain. This methodology is based on the BIOMASS "Reference Biospheres Methodology" and provides a logical and systematic approach with supplementary documentation that helps to support the decisions necessary for model development. It follows a five-stage approach, such that a coherent biosphere system description and the corresponding conceptual, mathematical and numerical models can be built. A discussion on the improvements implemented through application of the methodology to case studies in international and national projects is included. Some facets of this methodological approach still require further consideration, principally an enhanced integration of climatology, geography and ecology into models considering evolution of the environment, some aspects of the interface between the geosphere and biosphere, and an accurate quantification of environmental change processes and rates.
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González-Clemente JM, Vilardell C, Broch M, Megia A, Caixàs A, Giménez-Palop O, Richart C, Simón I, Martínez-Riquelme A, Arroyo J, Mauricio D, Vendrell J. Lower heart rate variability is associated with higher plasma concentrations of IL-6 in type 1 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 157:31-8. [PMID: 17609399 DOI: 10.1530/eje-07-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors related to insulin resistance, which in turn are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is considered one of the first indicators of CAN. Since the autonomic nervous system interacts with systemic inflammation, we evaluated CAN to study its possible association with low-grade systemic inflammation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of a group of 120 subjects diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus 14 years before. METHODS Information recorded: 1) clinical characteristics: sex, age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure (BP), smoking, alcohol intake, insulin dose, HbA1c, and lipid profile; 2) plasma levels of soluble fractions of tumour necrosis factor alpha receptors 1 and 2, IL-6, and C-reactive protein; 3) insulin resistance by estimation of the glucose disposal rate (eGDR); and 4) tests for CAN: HRV in response to deep breathing (E/I ratio), HRV in response to the Valsalva maneuver, and changes in systolic BP responding to standing. RESULTS A significant negative correlation was found between E/I ratio and plasma concentrations of IL-6 (r=-0.244, P=0.032), which remained significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors (age, sex, HbA1c, WHR, diastolic BP, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, insulin dose, and smoking; r=-0.231, P=0.039). No other significant associations were found between inflammation-related proteins, tests for CAN, and eGDR. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a link between low-grade inflammation and early alterations of CAN in type 1 diabetes and may be of importance in the pathogenesis of CAN and/or its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M González-Clemente
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Sabadell, Parc Taulí s/n, 08208 Sabadell, Spain.
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Vilarrasa N, Vendrell J, Maravall J, Broch M, Estepa A, Megia A, Soler J, Simón I, Richart C, Gómez JM. IL-18: relationship with anthropometry, body composition parameters, leptin and arterial hypertension. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38:507-12. [PMID: 16941276 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-949122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine with potential atherogenic properties whose role in human obesity has been recently suggested. The aim of our study was to analyze the physiologic distribution of IL-18 among sexes and all decades of the adult life in a healthy population randomly selected and to study its relationship with anthropometric, body composition measurements and leptin concentrations. We also studied the relationship of IL-18 with smoking and arterial hypertension, known risk factors implicated in atherogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty four men and 127 healthy women were included in the study. Plasma concentrations of IL-18 and leptin were determined in all subjects. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedanciometry. RESULTS IL-18 was distributed similarly in men and women and throughout decades. No significant differences were found in IL-18 between obese and normal-weight men and women according to their body mass index and body fat content. Higher IL-18 concentrations were found in subjects with arterial hypertension. In the bivariate correlation analysis only waist to hip ratio correlated weakly with IL-18 in the whole population (r=0.12, p=0.04). In the multiple regression analysis the relationship between IL-18 and waist to hip ratio lost significance after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index. However, IL-18 remained associated with arterial hypertension (adjusted r2=0.25, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS The lack of correlation between IL-18 with anthropometric, body composition variables and leptin in our healthy population argues against a role of this cytokine in obesity. Moreover, our findings suggest the implication of this interleukin in the atherogenic process induced by arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vilarrasa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Chen Q, Kowe R, Mobbs SF, Pröhl G, Olyslaegers G, Zeevaert T, Kanyar B, Pinedo P, Simón I, Bergström U, Hallberg B, Jones JA, Oatway WB, Watson SJ. Application of a generic biosphere model for dose assessments to five European sites. J Radiol Prot 2006; 26:161-87. [PMID: 16738414 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/26/2/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The BIOMOSA (BIOsphere MOdels for Safety Assessment of radioactive waste disposal) project was part of the EC fifth framework research programme. The main goal of this project was to improve the scientific basis for the application of biosphere models in the framework of long-term safety studies of radioactive waste disposal facilities and to enhance the confidence in using biosphere models for performance assessments. The study focused on the development and application of a generic biosphere tool BIOGEM (BIOsphere GEneric Model) using the IAEA BIOMASS reference biosphere methodology, and the comparison between BIOGEM and five site-specific biosphere models. The site-specific models and the generic model were applied to five typical locations in Europe, resulting in estimates of the annual effective individual doses to the critical groups and the ranking of the importance of the exposure pathways for each of the sites. Uncertainty in the results was also estimated by means of stochastic calculations based on variation of the site-specific parameter values. This paper describes the generic model and the deterministic and stochastic results obtained when it was applied to the five sites. Details of the site-specific models and the corresponding results are described in two companion papers. This paper also presents a comparison of the results between the generic model and site-specific models. In general, there was an acceptable agreement of the BIOGEM for both the deterministic and stochastic results with the results from the site-specific models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Health Protection Agency Radiation Protection Division, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
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15
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Pröhl G, Olyslaegers G, Kanyar B, Pinedo P, Bergström U, Mobbs S, Eged K, Katona T, Simón I, Hallberg UB, Chen Q, Kowe R, Zeevaert T. Development and comparison of five site-specific biosphere models for safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal. J Radiol Prot 2005; 25:343-73. [PMID: 16352869 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/25/4/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and application of site-specific biosphere models that might be used for assessment of potential exposures in the framework of performance assessment studies of nuclear waste disposals. Model development follows the Reference Biosphere Methodology that has been set up in the framework of the BIOMASS study. In this paper, the application is to real sites at five European locations for which environmental and agricultural conditions have been described and characterised. For each of the sites a biosphere model has been developed specifically assuming a release of radionuclides to waters that are used by humans, for example as drinking water for humans and cattle and as irrigation water. Among the ingestion pathways, the intakes of drinking water, cereals, leafy vegetables, potatoes, milk, beef and freshwater fish are included in all models. Annual individual doses were calculated, and uncertainties in the results were estimated by means of stochastic calculations. To enable a comparison, all results were normalised to an activity concentration in groundwater of 1 Bq m(-3) for each of the radionuclides considered ((36)Cl, (79)Se, (99)Tc, (129)I, (135)Cs, (226)Ra, (231)Pa, (230)Th, (237)Np, (239)Pu, and (238)U), i.e. those that are usually most relevant in performance assessment studies of nuclear waste disposals. Although the results do not give answers in absolute terms on potential future exposures, they indicate the spectrum of exposures that might occur in different environments and specify the interaction of environmental conditions, human habits and potential exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pröhl
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstädter Landstrabe 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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16
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González-Clemente JM, Giménez-Pérez G, Richart C, Broch M, Caixàs A, Megia A, Giménez-Palop O, Simón I, Mauricio D, Vendrell J. The tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha system is activated in accordance with pulse pressure in normotensive subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol 2005; 153:687-91. [PMID: 16260427 DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulse pressure (PP) and inflammation are important predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even in the normotensive. The age-related increase in PP can be diagnosed up to 20 years earlier in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) than in the general population. Some evidence suggests that PP can stimulate inflammation. Our aim was to study the relationship between PP and plasma inflammatory proteins in normotensive subjects with T1DM. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study of a group of normotensive (<140/80 mmHg) subjects diagnosed with T1DM 14 years before. None of them had clinically proven CVD or inflammatory conditions or were on antiplatelet, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory or lipid-lowering treatment. METHODS The following information was recorded: sex, age, body-mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), PP, mean blood pressure (MBP), smoking, alcohol intake, insulin dose, lipid profile, HbA1c, microvascular complications, and plasma concentrations of soluble receptor types 1 and 2 of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, respectively), interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and leptin. RESULTS A total of 112 subjects were evaluated (aged 27.4+/-6.6 years, 52.7% women, BMI: 20.4+/-2.7 kg/m2, WHR: 0.82+/-0.09, SBP: 112+/-12 mmHg, DBP: 68+/-9 mmHg, PP: 45+/-9 mmHg, MBP: 82+/-9 mmHg, HbA1c: 8.2% (7.3-9.0%), 41.1% microvascular complications). After adjusting for potential confounders, only inflammatory markers of the TNF-alpha system correlated significantly with PP (Pearson correlation coefficient between sTNFR1 and PP: r = 0.215, P = 0.030; and between PP and sTNFR2: r = 0.238, P = 0.020). CONCLUSION In normotensive subjects with T1DM after 14 years of diagnosis, the activation of the TNF-alpha system is positively associated with PP levels. This finding might suggest a pathogenic role of the TNF-alpha system in the development of cardiovascular disease in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M González-Clemente
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Sabadell, Sabadell, Spain.
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17
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González-Clemente JM, Mauricio D, Richart C, Broch M, Caixàs A, Megia A, Giménez-Palop O, Simón I, Martínez-Riquelme A, Giménez-Pérez G, Vendrell J. Diabetic neuropathy is associated with activation of the TNF-alpha system in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 63:525-9. [PMID: 16268804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of diabetic neuropathy (DN) is predicted by cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance. As inflammation seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, we investigated whether subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and DN have an increase in plasma concentrations of inflammatory proteins involved in insulin resistance. DESIGN Cross-sectional. Patients One hundred twenty subjects, all diagnosed with T1DM 14 years before. MEASUREMENTS (1) Sex, age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, smoking, alcohol intake, insulin dose, HbA1c and lipid profile; (2) DN (peripheral and cardiac autonomic), retinopathy and nephropathy; (3) plasma concentrations of soluble fractions of tumour necrosis factor alpha receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2), interleukin-6, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, adiponectin and leptin; and (4) insulin resistance (by way of a mathematical estimation of the glucose disposal rate - eGDR-). RESULTS Thirty-six subjects had DN and 84 did not. Subjects with DN received higher insulin doses (57.6 +/- 16.7 vs. 49.2 +/- 15.0 IU/day; P = 0.008) and had higher WHR (0.85 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.10; P = 0.007) and HbA1c values (8.5 (7.6-9.6) vs. 7.7 (7.3-8.9)%; P = 0.049) than subjects without DN. They also had higher values of sTNFR1 (2.42 +/- 0.60 vs. 1.96 +/- 0.66 microg/l; P = 0.001) and sTNFR2 (4.73 +/- 1.33 vs. 4.14 +/- 1.09 microg/l; P = 0.015), and were more insulin resistant (eGDR values: 7.28 (5.83-8.03) vs. 8.30 (7.17-9.03) mg kg(-1) min(-1); P = 0.003). The relationship between DN and either sTNFR1 or sTNFR2 remained essentially unchanged after adjusting for several confounders, including glycaemic control, WHR, lipid profile, blood pressure and other microvascular complications (OR for sTNFR1: 2.592 (1.222-5.498), P = 0.013; OR for sTNFR2: 2.124 (1.258-3.587), P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The activity of the TNF-alpha system is increased in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic neuropathy, regardless of their glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance. These results suggest that TNF-alpha may play a pathogenic role in the development of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M González-Clemente
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Vendrell J, Broch M, Fernandez-Real JM, Gutiérrez C, Simón I, Megia A, Gallart L, Ricart W, Richart C. Tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) in Type 2 diabetes. Analysis of soluble plasma fractions and genetic variations of TNFR2 gene in a case-control study. Diabet Med 2005; 22:387-92. [PMID: 15787661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have studied the relationships between soluble fractions of tumour necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in Type 2 diabetes (DM2) and its chronic microvascular complications. Likewise, we have analysed the genetic susceptibility of 196T > G exon6/CA-repeat intron 4 mutations in the TNFR2 gene in this population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted to examine the role of sTNFRs in 345 DM2 patients and 173 healthy subjects. The mutations were studied in all healthy subjects and in a subset of 232 patients. RESULTS sTNFRs levels were similar in healthy and DM2 patients. A positive correlation between age and both sTNFRs was observed in healthy subjects. In DM2 patients, sTNFR1 showed a positive correlation with age, systolic blood pressure and leptin levels (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001; r = 0.28, P = 0.005; r = 0.46, P < 0.0001, respectively) and sTNFR2 was positively correlated with age, triglycerides and leptin levels (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001; r = 0.21, P < 0.0001; r = 0.28, P = 0.002, respectively). Patients with micro- or macroalbuminuria showed higher plasma levels of sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 than normoalbuminuric patients, after adjusting for confounding variables (B = 0.85, P = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.12-1.58 for sTNFR1 and B = 1.50, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.67-2.33 for sTNFR2). In DM2 patients, TT-exon 6 homozygous showed lower levels of sTNFR1 [2,4 (1.1) vs. 3.4 (1.2) ng/ml], and the CA273-allele tracked with elevated plasma HDL-cholesterol [1.8 (0.7), 1.4 (0.3) and 1.3 (0.3) mm, for CA273/273, CA273/- and CA-/-, respectively]. No association was seen with other analysed variables. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that chronic TNF activation may have some pathogenic role in diabetic nephropathy in DM2 patients. Genetic variations in exon 6/intron 4 of the TNFR2 gene do not predispose to a major risk for DM2 or its microvascular complications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Humans
- Introns
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Solubility
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vendrell
- Diabetes and Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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19
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Simón I, Naito M, Thorne MC, Walke R. Natural releases from contaminated groundwater, Example Reference Biosphere 2B. J Environ Radioact 2005; 84:171-84. [PMID: 15985320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2002] [Accepted: 02/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessment is a tool which, by means of an iterative procedure, allows the evaluation of the performance of a disposal system and its potential impact on human health and the environment. Radionuclides from a deep geological disposal facility may not reach the surface environment until many tens of thousands of years after closure of the facility. The BIOMASS Programme on BIOsphere Modelling and ASSessment developed Examples of "Reference Biospheres" to illustrate the use of the methodology and to demonstrate how biosphere models can be developed and justified as being fit for purpose. The practical examples are also intended to be useful in their own right. The Example Reference Biosphere 2B presented here involves the consideration of alternative types of geosphere-biosphere interfaces and calculation of doses to members of hypothetical exposure groups arising from a wide range of exposure pathways within agricultural and semi-natural environments, but without allowing for evolution of the corresponding biosphere system. The example presented can be used as a generic analysis in some situations although it was developed around a relatively specific conceptual model. It should be a useful practical example, but the above numerical results are not intended to be understood as prescribed biosphere 'conversion factors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Simón
- CIEMAT/PIRA, Avda Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Simón I, Vendrell J, Gutiérrez C, Fernández-Real JM, Vendrell I, Gallart L, Fontova R, Richart C. Pro12Ala substitution in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is associated with increased leptin levels in women with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Horm Res Paediatr 2003; 58:143-9. [PMID: 12218380 DOI: 10.1159/000064490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma2) Pro12Ala variant and type-2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with some cytokine determinants of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and leptin. METHODS The PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala genetic polymorphism was studied in 167 type-2 diabetic patients and 63 healthy controls. Serum leptin and plasma-soluble TNF-R2 were measured. RESULTS Women carriers of the Pro12Ala mutation exhibited higher leptin levels than women non-carriers (median 31.4 vs. 17.5 ng/ml; p < 0.005). sTNF-R2 levels did not show differences between the two genotypes. Analysis by the multiple linear regression model of leptin-body mass index controlled by the PPARgamma2 genotype showed that leptin levels were determined by the Pro12Ala mutation in type-2 diabetic women but not in men. CONCLUSIONS PPARgamma2 seems to be implicated in leptin homeostasis in type-2 diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Simón
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Institut d'Estudis Avançats, Universitat Rovira i Virgilli, Tarragona, Spain.
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21
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Fontova R, Gutiérrez C, Vendrell J, Broch M, Vendrell I, Simón I, Fernández-Real JM, Richart C. Bone mineral mass is associated with interleukin 1 receptor autoantigen and TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms in post-menopausal Mediterranean women. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25:684-90. [PMID: 12240899 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone mass is known to be under genetic control. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-alpha are strong inductors of bone resorption. The estrogenic deficiency that occurs during menopause leads to an increase in the production of these cytokines. We analyzed the genetic susceptibility of several polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6 and TNF-alpha genes in lumbar spine and hip bone mass in a sample of post-menopausal Caucasian Mediterranean women with osteoporosis. 104 post-menopausal osteoporotic women (58.6+/-4.8 yr) and 51 post-menopausal women without osteoporosis as the control group (57.2+/-4.5 yr) were studied. The osteoporotic group was in turn sub-classified into severe and non-severe osteoporosis. The variable number of tandem repeats IL1-ra, IL-6 SfaNI and TNF-alpha NcoI genetic polymorphisms were studied. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured in blood and urine. Women carrying the A2 allele (A2+) of the IL-1ra gene showed greater BMD in the lumbar spine (p=0.02) and hip (p=0.006), compared to those not carrying the allele (A2-). The IL-6 polymorphism studied in its 5' flanking region did not show any association with BMD values. The TNF-alpha gene G allele was associated with a greater bone mass in the non-severe osteoporotic subgroup, both in the lumbar spine (p=0.0007) and in the hip (p=0.02). Likewise, genotype combination A2+GG was associated to a greater hip BMD at the femoral neck and Ward triangle levels (p=0.02). We conclude that both IL-1ra and TNF-alpha can be candidate loci to be studied in the susceptibility to develop post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fontova
- University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Medicine and Surgery Department, Spain.
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22
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Gutiérrez C, Vendrell J, Broch M, Pastor R, Llor C, Simón I, Richart C. [Apolipoprotein AI-CIII, B, and CII gene polymorphisms in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Association with hyperlipemia]. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 107:561-5. [PMID: 9064379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dislipidaemia is an usual feature in patients affected by non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Several studies show that this disease could be genetically determined. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether any of the genetic polymorphism remaining in three apolipoprotein loci (apolipoprotein AI-CIII, B100 and CII) is related with the presence of dislipidaemia in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS 53 non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients with less than 5 years evolution and treated only with diet, were included. 86 healthy persons were included as the control group. The lipidic parameters analyzed were: cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein AI, B and lipoprotein (a). The following polymorphic variants were analyzed: RFLP-Sacl of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster, RFLP-Xbal of the apolipoprotein B100 region and the RFLP-Taql of the apolipoprotein E-CI-CII cluster. RESULTS There were no genetic nor allelic differences in the distribution of the genes, between controls and diabetic patients. Regarding the apolipoprotein CII gen, the diabetic patients with the T2T2 genotype had higher triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) compared with the remaining genotypes and compared with the control group having the same genotype (p < 0.01) matched for sex, age and body mass index. There was no difference in the metabolic parameters' distribution related to the genotypic distribution of the apolipoproteins AI-CIII and B100 genes. CONCLUSIONS The apolipoprotein CII can be related with the presence of hypertriglyceridaemia in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gutiérrez
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona
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23
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Galera R, Prades MC, Simón I, Vendrell J. [Psychiatric disorders in diabetes mellitus. Their influence on metabolic control]. Rev Clin Esp 1993; 192:412. [PMID: 8511386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Simón I, Simó R, Mesa J, Aguadé S, Boada L, Sureda DG. [Subtraction scintigraphy with thallium-201 chloride and technetium-99m pertechnetate versus high resolution ultrasonography in the localization of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism]. Med Clin (Barc) 1992; 99:774-7. [PMID: 1334179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of scintigraphy with thallium-201 chloride (201 Tl) and technetium-99m pertechnetate (99mTc) in the diagnosis of the localization of the pathological parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism and compare the results with those of high resolution ultrasonography. METHODS Twelve patients of 56.1 +/- 7.8 years of age diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied between March 1987 and June 1990. High resolution ultrasonography with a 7.5 MHz transducer and scintigraphy of digital subtraction with 201Tl-99mTc were carried out preoperatively in all the patients. None of the patients had had previous cervical surgery and diagnosis was proven following surgery by histopathologic study. RESULTS Ultrasonography detected 9 out of 11 adenomas and 3 out of 4 hyperplastic glands. Scintigraphy identified 9 adenomas and only 2 of the hyperplastic glands. With this latter technique there was one false positive. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was 80% and that of scintigraphy was 73% with specificity being 100% vs 96.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Subtraction 201 Tl-99mTc scintigraphy is useful in the diagnosis of the localization of pathologic parathyroid glands in patients with no previous cervical surgery although in this series this technique did not surpass that of high resolution ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Simón
- Servicios de Endocrinología, Hospital General de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona
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25
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Simón I, Hernández C, Tovar JL, Bonnin J, Simó R, Mesa J. [Pheochromocytoma: clinical review of 21 cases]. Med Clin (Barc) 1991; 97:569-72. [PMID: 1805080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To review the series of patients with pheochromocytoma diagnosed in this institution from 1976 to 1990. METHODS The main clinical features and presentation of 21 patients (13 women and 8 males) with mean age 40 +/- 13 years were reviewed. Urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and total catecholamines had been measured. Abdominal echography, computed tomography (CT), adrenal scintigraphy and magnetic resonance (MR) had been used as localizing techniques. RESULTS The main clinical feature was hypertension (86%), which was paroxysmal in 57% of patients. 9% were totally asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. The following diseases were associated: thyroid medullary carcinoma (TMC) in one case, diabetes mellitus (5), cholelithiasis (3), contralateral nonfunctioning adrenal adenoma (2), and renal artery stenosis (1). The values of urinary catecholamines were high in all cases, while that of VMA was falsely negative in 33%. Echography localized the tumor in 10 of the 13 cases where it was carried out, and so did CT in 15 out of 15, scintigraphy in 6 out of 9 and MR in 5 out of 5. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension, either paroxysmal or not, and increased perspiration were the most remarkable clinical features. VMA measurement has a small diagnostic value. Among the localizing techniques that were used, CT and MR had the highest yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Simón
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona
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26
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Bilbao JI, García Delgado F, Simón I, Aquerreta D. [Digital subtraction angiography in arteriovenous fistulas of patients on hemodialysis]. Rev Med Univ Navarra 1987; 31:37-8, 41. [PMID: 3303266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Our experience in about fifty explorations performed in patients with arterio-venous fistulas for hemodialysis is presented. The method of exploration is widely detailed. We think that the acquisition of the digital subtraction angiography in the diagnostic of this specific pathology is a great advance because the images are of excellent quality and the volume of contrast administered is low.
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