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Almazán MC, Copa GN, Gil JF, López Quiroga I, Díaz Fernández ME, Uncos A, Hoyos CL, Nasser JR, Barroso PA, Marco JD. Parasitological and molecular search for Leishmania natural infection in phlebotomine sand flies in peri-urban and rural sites of an Argentinean area endemic for tegumentary leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106064. [PMID: 34302769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by Leishmania spp. parasites transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. In Argentina, the most endemic area of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) has been Orán department, Province of Salta, where Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis prevails and Nyssomyia neivai is considered as its vector, although there is no accurate and sufficient information in this regard. The aim of this work was to search for natural infection by Leishmania spp. in sand flies from peri-urban and rural sites with ATL background in Orán department. For this, sand flies were caught at five sites; female sand flies captured with Shannon trap were dissected to microscopically examine their gut contents, while females captured with CDC traps were molecularly analyzed by duplex PCR with two primer pairs to simultaneously amplify kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and mammalian actin. A total of 1921 females were captured, with Ny. neivai being the most abundant species (89%), followed by Migonemyia migonei (6%) and cortelezzii complex (3%). No natural infection was found in any of them neither by dissection nor by PCR, although the detection limit of kDNA PCR was up to 25 promastigotes. The absence of infected females in peri-urban sites suggest that the transmission did not take place in those environments during the study period. Future searches for natural infection should focus on rural settings to deepen knowledge and elucidate the role of the circulating sand fly species as all have been linked to ATL transmission at other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Almazán
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Griselda Noemí Copa
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - José Fernando Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Inés López Quiroga
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Alejandro Uncos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lorenzo Hoyos
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Julio Rubén Nasser
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Paola Andrea Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Jorge Diego Marco
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Almazán MC, Copa GN, Lauthier JJ, Gil JF, López Quiroga I, Hoyos CL, Díaz Fernández ME, Nasser JR, Korenaga M, Marco JD, Barroso PA. Sand fly typing: a simple and morphologically-supported method based on polymorphism of 18S rRNA gene in a Leishmaniasis endemic area of Argentina. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105609. [PMID: 32598918 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases that in the Americas are distributed from southern United States to northern Argentina. The vectors for this disease are small dipterans known as sand flies that are usually identified morphologically by observing structures with taxonomic value; but it is time-consuming, laborious, and requires entomological expertise. Then, this work was aimed at identifying sand flies with molecular techniques, using the morphological identification as a reference technique, in an endemic area of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) located in northern Argentina. For this, sand flies were caught at two patches of vegetation adjacent to rural areas in Orán department, Salta Province. Females were dissected with sterile needles; the head and last abdominal segments were analyzed for morphological identification. The remaining thorax and abdominal segments were used to extract DNA, which was amplified by PCR of the small subunit (SSU), 18S rRNA gene. PCR products were digested with CviQI and DdeI enzymes to identify sand fly species by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Thus, the restriction pattern of each caught species was defined according to morphological identification. A total of 1501 females, belonging to four sand fly species, were captured. Nyssomyia neivai (1347/1501) was the most abundant species, followed by Migonemyia migonei (90/1501). From the total, 801 females were morphologically and molecularly identified, while 700 females were characterized only molecularly. For those females analyzed by both methods, there was total coincidence in the achieved result. Besides, the 5% (38/801) of females that could not be determined morphologically due to inadequate mounting were molecularly identified. All the females characterized just by PCR-RFLP, were successfully identified. Our results indicate that the explored method is capable of identifying the sand fly species that circulate in an ATL endemic area. Since this method is based on the analysis of markedly different patterns, the identification process might be more easily reproduced, as the bias introduced by the technician's lack of experience is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Almazán
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Griselda Noemí Copa
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Juan José Lauthier
- Parasitology Department, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Okocho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi Prefecture, Japan
| | - José Fernando Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Inés López Quiroga
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lorenzo Hoyos
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Julio Rubén Nasser
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Masataka Korenaga
- Parasitology Department, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Okocho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi Prefecture, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Kochi Gakuen University, Asahi-Tenjincho, Kochi, Kochi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Jorge Diego Marco
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Paola Andrea Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Gil J, Cimino R, López Quiroga I, Cajal S, Acosta N, Juarez M, Zacca R, Orellana V, Krolewiecki A, Diosque P, Nasser J. [Reactivity of GST-SAPA antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi against sera from patients with Chagas disease and leishmaniasis]. Medicina (B Aires) 2011; 71:113-119. [PMID: 21550926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Serologic diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection is important due to the limited sensitivity of direct parasitologic methods for diagnosis in the indeterminate and chronic phases of disease. SAPA antigen has been used in several studies and has been shown to be a good marker for use in the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are endemic in northern Salta with overlapping zones of transmission, which frequently leads to T. cruzi-Leishmania spp. mixed infections. Diagnosis is complicated by the fact that there is significant cross-reactivity when non-specific antigens are used. We evaluated the reactivity of GST-SAPA antigen in the ELISA test (ELISA-SAPA) against sera from persons infected with T. cruzi (n = 154), leishmaniasis (n = 66), mixed infections (29), and healthy controls (n = 28) using commercial ELISA and IHA kits as reference tests. For ELISA-SAPA the sensitivity, specificity and kappa index were calculated for detection of T. cruzi infection. Among sera from patients infected with leishmaniasis, 30.5% of co-infections were detected. ELISA-SAPA sensitivity was 97.1% (confidence interval 95%: 94.5-99.9), specificity was 100% (confidence interval 95%: 99.4-100), and kappa index was 96% (confidence interval 95%: 93-99%), for detection of T. cruzi infection. Sensitivity, specificity and kappa indices have shown a high efficiency of ELISA-SAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gil
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta (LQByBM).
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Gil JF, Hoyos CL, Cimino RO, Krolewiecki AJ, López Quiroga I, Cajal SP, Juárez M, García Bustos MF, Mora MC, Marco JD, Nasser JR. [Role of three ELISA tests using promastigote homogenates of Leishmania braziliensis, L. amazonensis and L. guyanensis in the diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis]. Medicina (B Aires) 2011; 71:420-428. [PMID: 22057166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to know whether the variability of species of Leishmania parasites circulating in a region affects the performance of the ELISA test for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the reactivity of the ELISA using homogenates of promastigotes of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis (ELISAb), Leishmania (L) amazonensis (ELISAa) and Leishmania (V.) guyanensis (ELISAg) against different sera groups. Samples from individuals with cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 37), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 8), healthy controls (n = 52), persons infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (n = 11) and mixed infections (n = 14) were included in the study. We calculated sensitivities, specificities, cut offs, and predictive values for the three tests and compared them using ANOVA, kappa index, ROC curves comparison, and confidence intervals calculated by the bootstrap method. Significant differences were found when comparing the OD levels of sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis against healthy controls, but there were no differences when comparing the different ELISAs. The sensitivities calculated for ELISAb and ELISAa were 84.6 and of 88.5% for ELISAg, while the value of specificity for the three tests was 96.2. The kappa index (0.87) and comparison of ROC curves showed similar performance for the three ELISAs (p = 0.225). The high reactivity obtained for these ELISAs in sera of patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis indicates this test as an important complement in the diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Sede Regional Orán.
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