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Fleitas PE, Floridia-Yapur N, Nieves EE, Echazu A, Vargas PA, Caro NR, Aveldaño R, Lopez W, Fernandez M, Crudo F, Cimino RO, Krolewiecki AJ. Strongyloides stercoralis and Trypanosoma cruzi coinfections in a highly endemic area in Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010179. [PMID: 35120117 PMCID: PMC8865657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strongyloidiasis and Chagas disease are endemic in northern Argentina. In this study we evaluate the association between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi infections in villages with diverse prevalence levels for these parasites. Further understanding in the relationship between these Neglected Tropical Diseases of South America is relevant for the design of integrated control measures as well as exploring potential biologic interactions. Methodology Community based cross-sectional studies were carried in different villages of the Chaco and Yungas regions in Argentina. Individuals were diagnosed by serology for S. stercoralis and T. cruzi. The association between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi, and between anemia and the two parasites was evaluated using two approaches: marginal (Ma) and multilevel regression (Mu). Results A total of 706 individuals from six villages of northern Argentina were included. A total of 37% were positive for S. stercoralis, 14% were positive for T. cruzi and 5% were positive for both. No association was found between infection with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi in any of the models, but we found a negative correlation between the prevalence of these species in the different villages (r = -0.91). Adults (> 15 years) presented association with S. stercoralis (Ma OR = 2.72; Mu OR = 2.84) and T. cruzi (Ma OR = 5.12; Mu OR = 5.48). Also, 12% and 2% of the variance of infection with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi, respectively, could be explained by differences among villages. On the other hand, anemia was associated with infection with S. stercoralis (Ma OR = 1.73; Mu OR = 1.78) and was more prevalent in adults (Ma OR = 2.59; Mu OR = 2.69). Conclusion We found that coinfection between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi is not more frequent than chance in endemic areas. However, the high prevalence for both parasites, raises the need for an integrated strategy for the control of STH and Chagas disease. Infections with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi belong to the group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). NTDs are influenced by climate and the presence of their vectors and host reservoirs in areas with structural poverty. S. stercoralis and T. cruzi have high prevalence in northern Argentina. Due to the high prevalence and chronicity of infections by these parasites, coinfection with both is possible. We conducted a cross sectional study in six villages in the north of Argentina. These villages have different prevalence for the two parasites and are located in different ecoregions (Chaco, Yungas and the border between these two). We found that coinfection between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi occurs only by chance; and the most affected groups for S. stercoralis and T. cruzi infection are adults. We also found that adults or individual with infection with S. stercoralis were more likely to have anemia. In addition, each village represents a different setting for infection with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi, and individuals in different villages presented differences in the probability of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E Fleitas
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Salta, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Salta, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Floridia-Yapur
- Universidad Nacional de Salta, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Salta, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Elvia E Nieves
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Adriana Echazu
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Salta, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Parasitología, Salta, Argentina
| | - Paola A Vargas
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
- Biotecnología, Universidad Católica de Boliviana San Pablo, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Nicolás R Caro
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Aveldaño
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Walter Lopez
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Mariana Fernandez
- Asociación para el Desarrollo Sanitario Regional (ADESAR), San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Favio Crudo
- Asociación para el Desarrollo Sanitario Regional (ADESAR), San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco, San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén O Cimino
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Salta, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Salta, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Krolewiecki
- Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Salta, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Krolewiecki A, Lifschitz A, Moragas M, Travacio M, Valentini R, Alonso DF, Solari R, Tinelli MA, Cimino RO, Álvarez L, Fleitas PE, Ceballos L, Golemba M, Fernández F, de Oliveira DF, Astudillo G, Baeck I, Farina J, Cardama GA, Mangano A, Spitzer E, Gold S, Lanusse C. Corrigendum to Antiviral effect of high-dose ivermectin in adults with COVID-19: A proof-of-concept randomized trial [EClinicalMedicine 37 (2021) 100,959]". EClinicalMedicine 2021; 39:101119. [PMID: 34462733 PMCID: PMC8387727 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100959.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
- Corresponding author at: Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales. UNSa. Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina.
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Matías Moragas
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Travacio
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Valentini
- Departamento de Medicina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Alonso
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Solari
- Hospital Francisco J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Rubén O. Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Luis Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Pedro E. Fleitas
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Golemba
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fernández
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernández de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Inés Baeck
- Departamento de Medicina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Farina
- Servicio de Infectología. Hospital Cuenca Alta, Cañuelas, Argentina
| | - Georgina A. Cardama
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Mangano
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Gold
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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Fleitas PE, Paz JA, Simoy MI, Vargas C, Cimino RO, Krolewiecki AJ, Aparicio JP. Clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of symptoms of COVID-19 at presentation. Germs 2021; 11:221-237. [PMID: 34422694 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2021.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the main symptoms associated with COVID-19, and their diagnostic characteristics, to aid in the clinical diagnosis. Methods An analysis of all patients diagnosed by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 between April and May 2020 in Argentina was conducted. The data includes clinical and demographic information from all subjects at the time of presentation (n=67318, where 12% were positive for SARS-CoV-2). The study population was divided into four age groups: pediatric (0-17 years), young adults (18-44 years), adults (45-64 years), and elderly (65-103 years). Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association of all symptoms and to create a diagnostic model based on symptoms. Results Symptoms associated with COVID-19 were anosmia, dysgeusia, headache, low-grade fever, odynophagia, and malaise. However, the presentation of these symptoms was different between the different age groups. In turn, at the time of presentation, the symptoms associated with respiratory problems (chest pain, abdominal pain, and dyspnea) had a negative association with COVID-19 or did not present statistical relevance. On the other hand, the model based on 16 symptoms, age and sex, presented a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 46%. Conclusions There were significant differences between the different age groups. Additionally, there were interactions between different symptoms that were highly associated with COVID-19. Finally, our findings showed that a regression model based on multiple factors (age, sex, interaction between symptoms) can be used as an accessory diagnostic method or a rapid screening of suspected COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E Fleitas
- MSc, Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751, San Ramon de la Nueva Oran, zip code A4530, Salta, Argentina, Cátedra de Química Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, zip code A4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Paz
- PhD, Instituto de Estudios Laborales y del Desarrollo Económico (IELDE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, zip code A4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Mario I Simoy
- PhD, Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional (INENCO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, zip code A4400, Salta, Argentina, Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, zip code B7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vargas
- MSc, Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751, San Ramon de la Nueva Oran, zip code A4530, Salta, Argentina
| | - Rubén O Cimino
- PhD, Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751, San Ramon de la Nueva Oran, zip code A4530, Salta, Argentina, Cátedra de Química Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, zip code A4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Krolewiecki
- MD, PhD, Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751, San Ramon de la Nueva Oran, zip code A4530, Salta, Argentina
| | - Juan P Aparicio
- PhD, Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional (INENCO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, zip code A4400, Salta, Argentina, Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873901, Tempe, AZ 85287-3901, USA
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Krolewiecki A, Lifschitz A, Moragas M, Travacio M, Valentini R, Alonso DF, Solari R, Tinelli MA, Cimino RO, Álvarez L, Fleitas PE, Ceballos L, Golemba M, Fernández F, Fernández de Oliveira D, Astudillo G, Baeck I, Farina J, Cardama GA, Mangano A, Spitzer E, Gold S, Lanusse C. Antiviral effect of high-dose ivermectin in adults with COVID-19: A proof-of-concept randomized trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 37:100959. [PMID: 34189446 PMCID: PMC8225706 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited antiviral options for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone with a wide anti-parasitary spectrum, has shown potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. This study aimed at assessing the antiviral effect of IVM on viral load of respiratory secretions and its relationship with drug concentrations in plasma. METHODS Proof-of-concept, pilot, randomized, controlled, outcome-assessor blinded trial to evaluate antiviral activity of high-dose IVM in 45 COVID-19 hospitalized patients randomized in a 2:1 ratio to standard of care plus oral IVM at 0·6 mg/kg/day for 5 days versus standard of care in 4 hospitals in Argentina. Eligible patients were adults with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days of symptoms onset. The primary endpoint was the difference in viral load in respiratory secretions between baseline and day-5, by quantitative RT-PCR. Concentrations of IVM in plasma were measured. Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04381884. FINDINGS 45 participants were recruited (30 to IVM and 15 controls) between May 18 and September 9, 2020. There was no difference in viral load reduction between groups but a significant difference was found in patients with higher median plasma IVM levels (72% IQR 59-77) versus untreated controls (42% IQR 31-73) (p = 0·004). Mean ivermectin plasma concentration levels correlated with viral decay rate (r: 0·47, p = 0·02). Adverse events were similar between groups. No differences in clinical evolution at day-7 and day-30 between groups were observed. INTERPRETATION A concentration dependent antiviral activity of oral high-dose IVM was identified at a dosing regimen that was well tolerated. Large trials with clinical endpoints are necessary to determine the clinical utility of IVM in COVID-19. FUNDING This work was supported by grant IP-COVID-19-625, Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, Argentina and Laboratorio ELEA/Phoenix, Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Matías Moragas
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Travacio
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Valentini
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Alonso
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Solari
- Hospital Francisco J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Rubén O. Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina
| | - Luis Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Pedro E. Fleitas
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Golemba
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fernández
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernández de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Inés Baeck
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Farina
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Cuenca Alta, Cañuelas, Argentina
| | - Georgina A. Cardama
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Mangano
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Gold
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
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Matamoros G, Sánchez A, Gabrie JA, Juárez M, Ceballos L, Escalada A, Rodríguez C, Martí-Soler H, Rueda MM, Canales M, Lanusse C, Cajal P, Álvarez L, Cimino RO, Krolewiecki A. Efficacy and safety of albendazole and high-dose ivermectin co-administration in school-aged children infected with Trichuris trichiura in Honduras: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1203-1210. [PMID: 33906234 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of currently available anthelminthics against Trichuris trichiura infections is significatively lower than for other soil-transmitted helminths (STH). The combination of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ALB) has shown significant improvements in efficacy. METHODS Safety and efficacy randomized controlled clinical trial comparing 3 experimental regimens against ALB monotherapy for the treatment of T. trichiura infections in northern Honduras. Infected children were randomized to one of the following treatments: (Arm 1) single-dose ALB 400 mg; (Arm 2) single-dose ALB 400 mg/IVM 600 μg/kg; (Arm 3) ALB 400 mg for 3 consecutive days; or (Arm 4) ALB 400 mg/IVM 600 μg/kg for 3 consecutive days. Efficacy was measured through egg reduction rate (ERR) and cure rate (CR), both assessed 14-21 days after treatment using the Kato-Katz method. Safety was evaluated by analyzing the frequency and severity of adverse events. RESULTS A total of 176 children were randomized to one of the 4 treatment arms, 117 completed treatment and follow-up. The ERR for Arms 1 to 4 were: 47.7%, 96.7%, 72.1% and 100%, respectively; with p-values <0.001 between IVM groups and ALB only arms. The CRs were 4.2%, 88.6%, 33.3% and 100%, respectively. A total of 48 (85.4% mild) AEs were reported in 36 children. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of ALB and high-dose IVM is a highly effective and well tolerated treatment for the treatment of T. trichiura infections offering a significantly improved treatment for the control of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Matamoros
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras.,Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Ontario. Canada
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras.,Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Ontario. Canada
| | | | - Marisa Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Andrés Escalada
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Carol Rodríguez
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
| | | | | | - Maritza Canales
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Pamela Cajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Luis Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Rubén O Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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Bertoni E, Aduriz M, Bok M, Vega C, Saif L, Aguirre D, Cimino RO, Miño S, Parreño V. First report of group A rotavirus and bovine coronavirus associated with neonatal calf diarrhea in the northwest of Argentina. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2761-2768. [PMID: 32488696 PMCID: PMC7266565 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the two main viral enteropathogens associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. The aim of the present survey was to investigate the epidemiology and the role of RVA and BCoV in the presentation of dairy and beef calf diarrhea in Lerma Valley of Salta province, within the Northwest region of Argentina. Stool samples of calves with or without diarrhea younger than 2 months of age were collected from 19 dairy farms and 20 beef farms between the years 2014 and 2016. Stool samples were screened for RVA and BCoV detection by ELISA. Heminested multiplex RT-PCR was used for RVA typing and RT-PCR to confirm BCoV. Positive samples were submitted to sequencing analysis. Bovine RVA and BCoV were circulating in 63% (12/19) and 10.52% (2/19) of the dairy farms, respectively, where 9.5% (46/484) of the calves were positives to RVA and 0.4% (2/484) to BCoV. In beef herds, RVA was detected in 40% (8/20) of the farms and in 6.75% (21/311) of the calves, without positives cases of BCoV. Molecular analysis showed that in dairy farms, G6P[11] and G10P[11] were the prevalent RVA strains, while in beef farms, G10P[11] was the prevalent. The main finding was the detection for the first time of a G15P[11] causing diarrhea in beef calves of Argentina that represents a new alert to be consider for future vaccine updates. Analysis of detected BCoV showed that it is related to the other circulating strains of Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bertoni
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido, Área de Salud Animal. RN 68 Km 172, 4403, Salta, Argentina
| | - M Aduriz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CICVyA, INCUINTA, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n., 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Bueno Aires, Argentina
| | - M Bok
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CICVyA, INCUINTA, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n., 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vega
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CICVyA, INCUINTA, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n., 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Bueno Aires, Argentina
| | - L Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Aguirre
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido, Área de Salud Animal. RN 68 Km 172, 4403, Salta, Argentina
| | - R O Cimino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Bueno Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - S Miño
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CICVyA, INCUINTA, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n., 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Parreño
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CICVyA, INCUINTA, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n., 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Bueno Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Mejia R, Damania A, Jeun R, Bryan PE, Vargas P, Juarez M, Cajal PS, Nasser J, Krolewiecki A, Lefoulon E, Long C, Drake E, Cimino RO, Slatko B. Impact of intestinal parasites on microbiota and cobalamin gene sequences: a pilot study. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:200. [PMID: 32306993 PMCID: PMC7168842 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 30% of children worldwide are infected with gastrointestinal parasites. Depending on the species, parasites can disrupt intestinal bacterial microbiota affecting essential vitamin biosynthesis. Methods Stool samples were collected from 37 asymptomatic children from a previous cross-sectional Argentinian study. A multi-parallel real-time quantitative PCR was implemented for Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis. In addition, whole-genome sequencing analysis was conducted for bacterial microbiota on all samples and analyzed using Livermore Metagenomic Analysis Toolkit and DIAMOND software. Separate analyses were carried out for uninfected, Giardia-only, Giardia + helminth co-infections, and helminth-only groups. Results For Giardia-only infected children compared to uninfected children, DNA sequencing data showed a decrease in microbiota biodiversity that correlated with increasing Giardia burden and was statistically significant using Shannonʼs alpha diversity (Giardia-only > 1 fg/µl 2.346; non-infected group 3.253, P = 0.0317). An increase in diversity was observed for helminth-only infections with a decrease in diversity for Giardia + helminth co-infections (P = 0.00178). In Giardia-only infections, microbiome taxonomy changed from Firmicutes towards increasing proportions of Prevotella, with the degree of change related to the intensity of infection compared to uninfected (P = 0.0317). The abundance of Prevotella bacteria was decreased in the helminths-only group but increased for Giardia + helminth co-infections (P = 0.0262). Metagenomic analysis determined cobalamin synthesis was decreased in the Giardia > 1 fg/µl group compared to both the Giardia < 1 fg/µl and the uninfected group (P = 0.0369). Giardia + helminth group also had a decrease in cobalamin CbiM genes from helminth-only infections (P = 0.000754). Conclusion The study results may provide evidence for an effect of parasitic infections enabling the permissive growth of anaerobic bacteria such as Prevotella, suggesting an altered capacity of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) biosynthesis and potential impact on growth and development in children .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojelio Mejia
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.
| | - Ashish Damania
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Jeun
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia E Bryan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Evan Drake
- New England Biolabs, Inc, Ipswich, MA, USA
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8
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Pérez Brandán C, Mesías AC, Parodi C, Cimino RO, Pérez Brandán C, Diosque P, Basombrío MÁ. Effects of IFN-γ coding plasmid supplementation in the immune response and protection elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi attenuated parasites. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:732. [PMID: 29178839 PMCID: PMC5702110 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that a naturally attenuated strain from Trypanosoma cruzi triggers an immune response mainly related to a Th2-type profile. Albeit this, a strong protection against virulent challenge was obtained after priming mice with this attenuated strain. However, this protection is not enough to completely clear parasites from the host. In T. cruzi infection, early Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is critical to lead type 1 responses able to control intracellular parasites. Therefore we evaluated whether the co-administration of a plasmid encoding murine IFN-γ could modify the immune response induced by infection with attenuated parasites and improve protection against further infections. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infected intraperitoneally with three doses of live attenuated parasites in combination with plasmid pVXVR-mIFN-γ. Before each infection dose, sera samples were collected for parasite specific antibodies determination and cytokine quantification. To evaluate the recall response to T. cruzi, mice were challenged with virulent parasites 30 days after the last dose and parasite load in peripheral blood and heart was evaluated. RESULTS As determined by ELISA, significantly increase in T. cruzi specific antibodies response was detected in the group in which pVXVR-mIFN-γ was incorporated, with a higher predominance of IgG2a subtype in comparison to the group of mice only inoculated with attenuated parasites. At our limit of detection, serum levels of IFN-γ were not detected, however a slight decrease in IL-10 concentrations was observed in groups in which pVXVR-mIFN-γ was supplemented. To analyze if the administration of pVXVR-mIFN-γ has any beneficial effect in protection against subsequent infections, all experimental groups were submitted to a lethal challenge with virulent bloodstream trypomastigotes. Similar levels of challenge parasites were detected in peripheral blood and heart of mice primed with attenuated parasites alone or combined with plasmid DNA. Expansion of IgG antibodies was not significant in TCC+ pVXVR-mIFN-γ; however, the overall tendency to sustain a Th2 profile was maintained. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that administration of plasmid pVXVR-mIFN-γ could have beneficial effects on host specific antibody production in response to T. cruzi attenuated infection; however, this outcome is not reflected in an improved protection against further virulent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pérez Brandán
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina.
| | - Andrea C Mesías
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Parodi
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Rubén O Cimino
- Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán. Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Carolina Pérez Brandán
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Patricio Diosque
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Miguel Ángel Basombrío
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
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9
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Vargas P, Krolewiecki AJ, Echazú A, Juarez M, Cajal P, Gil JF, Caro N, Nasser J, Lammie P, Cimino RO. Serologic Monitoring of Public Health Interventions against Strongyloides stercoralis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:166-172. [PMID: 28719325 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Northwestern Argentina is endemic for soil-transmitted helminths, and annual deworming programs are carried out in prioritized areas. High prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis was reported in this area; therefore, control programs including ivermectin are being evaluated. The NIE-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for this purpose. In this community trial, two groups of patients, classified according to housing and living conditions were evaluated. Simultaneous with baseline survey, Group 1 was moved to new households with access to improved water and sanitation facilities (W and S), where deworming (MDA, massive drug administration) took place within 1 month; whereas Group 2 received MDA but remained living with unimproved W and S. The mean time interval between baseline and the follow-up was 331 days for Group 1 and 508 for Group 2. Anti-NIE levels were measured for each individual before and after interventions and follow-up optical density (OD) ratios were calculated to quantify the variation. A significant decrease of the anti-NIE levels between baseline and follow-up was observed in both groups. Nonetheless, the number of patients that achieved the cure criteria (OD ratio < 0.6) was higher in Group 1 than Group 2 with values of 72.7% (24/33) and 45.0% (18/40), respectively (P = 0.0197). Our results support the conclusion that a combined intervention including deworming and improvements in life conditions is more effective, in terms of the proportion of subjects cured than deworming alone. Furthermore, we found that NIE-ELISA is a useful test for assessing the response to treatment and to evaluate the outcome of control intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vargas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Krolewiecki
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina
| | - Adriana Echazú
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina
| | - Marisa Juarez
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina
| | - Pamela Cajal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose F Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Caro
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina
| | - Julio Nasser
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina.,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina
| | - Patrick Lammie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rubén O Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Cimino RO, Jeun R, Juarez M, Cajal PS, Vargas P, Echazú A, Bryan PE, Nasser J, Krolewiecki A, Mejia R. Identification of human intestinal parasites affecting an asymptomatic peri-urban Argentinian population using multi-parallel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:380. [PMID: 26183074 PMCID: PMC4504406 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In resource-limited countries, stool microscopy is the diagnostic test of choice for intestinal parasites (soil-transmitted helminths and/or intestinal protozoa). However, sensitivity and specificity is low. Improved diagnosis of intestinal parasites is especially important for accurate measurements of prevalence and intensity of infections in endemic areas. Methods The study was carried out in Orán, Argentina. A total of 99 stool samples from a local surveillance campaign were analyzed by concentration microscopy and McMaster egg counting technique compared to the analysis by multi-parallel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This study compared the performance of qPCR assay and stool microscopy for 8 common intestinal parasites that infect humans including the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, and the protozoa Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, and Entamoeba histolytica, and investigated the prevalence of polyparasitism in an endemic area. Results qPCR showed higher detection rates for all parasites as compared to stool microscopy except T. trichiura. Species-specific primers and probes were able to distinguish between A. duodenale (19.1 %) and N. americanus (36.4 %) infections. There were 48.6 % of subjects co-infected with both hookworms, and a significant increase in hookworm DNA for A. duodenale versus N. americanus (119.6 fg/μL: 0.63 fg/μL, P < 0.001) respectively. qPCR outperformed microscopy by the largest margin in G. lamblia infections (63.6 % versus 8.1 %, P < 0.05). Polyparasitism was detected more often by qPCR compared to microscopy (64.7 % versus 24.2 %, P < 0.05). Conclusions Multi-parallel qPCR is a quantitative molecular diagnostic method for common intestinal parasites in an endemic area that has improved diagnostic accuracy compared to stool microscopy. This first time use of multi-parallel qPCR in Argentina has demonstrated the high prevalence of intestinal parasites in a peri-urban area. These results will contribute to more accurate epidemiological survey, refined treatment strategies on a public scale, and better health outcomes in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén O Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina. .,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Oran, Argentina.
| | - Rebecca Jeun
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Marisa Juarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina. .,Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pamela S Cajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina.
| | - Paola Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Echazú
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina.
| | - Patricia E Bryan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Julio Nasser
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina. .,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Oran, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina.
| | - Rojelio Mejia
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Oran, Argentina. .,National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Ragone PG, Pérez Brandán C, Monje Rumi M, Tomasini N, Lauthier JJ, Cimino RO, Uncos A, Ramos F, Alberti D´Amato AM, Basombrío MA, Diosque P. Experimental evidence of biological interactions among different isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi from the Chaco Region. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119866. [PMID: 25789617 PMCID: PMC4366099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many infectious diseases arise from co-infections or re-infections with more than one genotype of the same pathogen. These mixed infections could alter host fitness, the severity of symptoms, success in pathogen transmission and the epidemiology of the disease. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, exhibits a high biological variability often correlated with its genetic diversity. Here, we developed an experimental approach in order to evaluate biological interaction between three T. cruzi isolates belonging to different Discrete Typing Units (DTUs TcIII, TcV and TcVI). These isolates were obtained from a restricted geographical area in the Chaco Region. Different mixed infections involving combinations of two isolates (TcIII + TcV, TcIII + TcVI and TcV + TcVI) were studied in a mouse model. The parameters evaluated were number of parasites circulating in peripheral blood, histopathology and genetic characterization of each DTU in different tissues by DNA hybridization probes. We found a predominance of TcVI isolate in blood and tissues respect to TcIII and TcV; and a decrease of the inflammatory response in heart when the damage of mice infected with TcVI and TcIII + TcVI mixture were compared. In addition, simultaneous presence of two isolates in the same tissue was not detected. Our results show that biological interactions between isolates with different biological behaviors lead to changes in their biological properties. The occurrence of interactions among different genotypes of T. cruzi observed in our mouse model suggests that these phenomena could also occur in natural cycles in the Chaco Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G. Ragone
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Cecilia Pérez Brandán
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Monje Rumi
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Tomasini
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Juan J. Lauthier
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Rubén O. Cimino
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Uncos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Federico Ramos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Anahí M. Alberti D´Amato
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Basombrío
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
| | - Patricio Diosque
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta-Capital, Argentina
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12
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García Bustos MF, Barrio A, Prieto GG, de Raspi EM, Cimino RO, Cardozo RM, Parada LA, Yeo M, Soto J, Uncos DA, Parodi C, Basombrío MA. In vivo antileishmanial efficacy of miltefosine against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. J Parasitol 2015; 100:840-7. [PMID: 25014108 DOI: 10.1645/13-376.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus, constitutes a significant health and social problem in many countries and is increasing worldwide. The conventional treatment, meglumine antimoniate (MA), presents numerous disadvantages, including invasiveness, toxicity, and frequent therapeutic failure, justifying the attempts at finding alternatives to the first-line therapy. We have studied the comparative long-term efficacy of MA against miltefosine (MF) in Leishmania infection in experimental mice. The criteria for efficacy evaluation were footpad lesion size, anti-Leishmania antibodies level, histopathology of the site of inoculation (right footpad, RFP), splenic index (SI), and the presence of parasites in RFP, spleen, and liver, determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Swiss mice, infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis were treated, at different time points (5 and 40 days after infection) with either MA or MF. The efficacy of MF was better than that of MA for inhibiting lesions and for reducing tissue damage and presence/load of amastigotes in spleen and liver. Moreover, early administration of MF produced a clear reduction in splenomegaly and was equal in reducing antibody titles in comparison with MA. Our results demonstrated that MF is an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for leishmaniasis by L. (L.) amazonensis and is more efficacious than MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F García Bustos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta. Av. Bolivia 5150 (4400), Salta Capital, República Argentina
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13
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Floridia-Yapur N, Vega-Benedetti AF, Rumi MM, Ragone P, Lauthier JJ, Tomasini N, d'Amato AMA, Lopez-Quiroga I, Diosque P, Marcipar I, Nasser JR, Cimino RO. Evaluation of recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi to diagnose infection in naturally infected dogs from Chaco region, Argentina. Parasite Immunol 2015; 36:694-9. [PMID: 25201522 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are considered the main mammal reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi in domiciliary environments. Consequently, accurate detection of T. cruzi infection in canine populations is epidemiologically relevant. Here, we analysed the utility of the T. cruzi recombinant antigens FRA, SAPA, CP1, Ag1 and a SAPA/TSSA VI mixture, in an ELISA format. We used a positive control group of sera obtained from 38 dogs from the Chaco region in Argentina with positive homogenate-ELISA reaction, all of them also positive by xenodiagnosis and/or PCR. The negative group included 19 dogs from a nonendemic area. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating charactheristic (ROC) curve and Kappa index were obtained to compare the diagnostic efficiency of the tests. The SAPA/TSSA VI had the highest performance, with a sensitivity of 94.7% and an AUC ROC of 0.99 that indicates high accuracy. Among individual antigens, SAPA-ELISA yielded the highest sensitivity (86.8%) and AUC ROC (0.96), whereas FRA-ELISA was the least efficient test (sensitivity = 36.8%; AUC ROC = 0.53). Our results showed that the use of SAPA/TSSA VI in ELISAs could be a useful tool to study dogs naturally infected with T. cruzi in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Floridia-Yapur
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta (IIET), Salta, Argentina
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Monje-Rumi MM, Brandán CP, Ragone PG, Tomasini N, Lauthier JJ, Alberti D'Amato AM, Cimino RO, Orellana V, Basombrío MA, Diosque P. Trypanosoma cruzi diversity in the Gran Chaco: mixed infections and differential host distribution of TcV and TcVI. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 29:53-9. [PMID: 25445658 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transmission cycles of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Gran Chaco are complex networks involving domestic and wild components, whose interrelationships are not well understood. Knowing the circuit of transmission of the different Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) of T. cruzi in the complex environment of the Chaco region is relevant to understanding how the different components (reservoirs, vectors, ecotopes) interact. In the present study we identified the DTUs infecting humans and dogs in two rural areas of the Gran Chaco in Argentina, using molecular methods which avoid parasite culture. Blood samples of humans and dogs were typified by PCR-DNA blotting and hybridization assays with five specific DNA probes (TcI, TcII, TcIII, TcV and TcVI). PCR analyses were performed on seropositive human and dog samples and showed the presence of T. cruzi DNA in 41.7% (98/235) and 53% (35/66) samples, respectively. The identification of infective DTUs was determined in 83.6% (82/98) and 91.4% (32/35) in human and dog samples, respectively. Single infections (36.7% - 36/98) and a previously not detected high proportion of mixed infections (47.9% - 47/98) were found. In a 15.3% (15/98) of samples the infecting DTU was not identified. Among the single infections TcV was the most prevalent DTU (30.6% - 30/98) in human samples; while TcVI (42.8% - 15/35) showed the highest prevalence in dog samples. TcV/TcVI was the most prevalent mixed infection in humans (32.6% - 32/98); and TcI/TcVI (14.3% - 5/35) in dogs. Significant associations between TcV with humans and TcVI with dogs were detected. For the first time, the presence of TcIII was detected in humans from this region. The occurrence of one human infected whit TcIII (a principally wild DTU) could be suggested the emergence of this, in domestic cycles in the Gran Chaco.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Monje-Rumi
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Pérez Brandán
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Paula G Ragone
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Tomasini
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Juan J Lauthier
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Anahí M Alberti D'Amato
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Rubén O Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias de Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Viviana Orellana
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Basombrío
- Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Patricio Diosque
- Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
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15
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Sánchez-Valdéz FJ, Pérez Brandán C, Ramírez G, Uncos AD, Zago MP, Cimino RO, Cardozo RM, Marco JD, Ferreira A, Basombrío MÁ. A monoallelic deletion of the TcCRT gene increases the attenuation of a cultured Trypanosoma cruzi strain, protecting against an in vivo virulent challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2696. [PMID: 24551259 PMCID: PMC3923724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin (TcCRT) is a virulence factor that binds complement C1, thus inhibiting the activation of the classical complement pathway and generating pro-phagocytic signals that increase parasite infectivity. In a previous work, we characterized a clonal cell line lacking one TcCRT allele (TcCRT+/−) and another overexpressing it (TcCRT+), both derived from the attenuated TCC T. cruzi strain. The TcCRT+/− mutant was highly susceptible to killing by the complement machinery and presented a remarkable reduced propagation and differentiation rate both in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we have extended these studies to assess, in a mouse model of disease, the virulence, immunogenicity and safety of the mutant as an experimental vaccine. Balb/c mice were inoculated with TcCRT+/− parasites and followed-up during a 6-month period. Mutant parasites were not detected by sensitive techniques, even after mice immune suppression. Total anti-T. cruzi IgG levels were undetectable in TcCRT+/− inoculated mice and the genetic alteration was stable after long-term infection and it did not revert back to wild type form. Most importantly, immunization with TcCRT+/− parasites induces a highly protective response after challenge with a virulent T. cruzi strain, as evidenced by lower parasite density, mortality, spleen index and tissue inflammatory response. TcCRT+/− clones are restricted in two important properties conferred by TcCRT and indirectly by C1q: their ability to evade the host immune response and their virulence. Therefore, deletion of one copy of the TcCRT gene in the attenuated TCC strain generated a safe and irreversibly gene-deleted live attenuated parasite with high immunoprotective properties. Our results also contribute to endorse the important role of TcCRT as a T. cruzi virulence factor. Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite which infects 9 million people in Latin America. Currently there is no vaccine to prevent this disease. Therefore, different approaches or alternatives are urgently needed to identify new protective immunogens. Live vaccines are likely to be most effective in inducing protection; however, safety issues associated with their use have been raised. Hence, we genetically manipulated an attenuated strain of T. cruzi as a safety device to rule out the possibility of reversion to the virulent phenotype. The genetically modified parasites were highly susceptible to killing by the complement machinery and presented a reduced propagation and differentiation rate. We have extended these studies to assess, the virulence, immunogenicity and safety of the mutant as an experimental vaccine. Accordingly, we show that genetically modified parasites present attenuated virulence in mice. The genetic alteration was stable and, after long term infection, it did not revert back to wild type form. Furthermore, after challenge with a virulent T. cruzi strain, mutant immunization induces a highly protective response evidenced by significantly lowered parasite density, mortality, spleen weight index and tissue inflammatory response. Our study provides new insights into the host-pathogen interactions and into the use and evaluation of irreversibly gene-deleted live attenuated parasites to protect against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J. Sánchez-Valdéz
- Instituto de Patología Experimental–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
- * E-mail: (FJSV); (AF)
| | - Cecilia Pérez Brandán
- Instituto de Patología Experimental–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Galia Ramírez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro D. Uncos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - M. Paola Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Rubén O. Cimino
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Rubén M. Cardozo
- Instituto de Patología Experimental–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Jorge D. Marco
- Instituto de Patología Experimental–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (FJSV); (AF)
| | - Miguel Ángel Basombrío
- Instituto de Patología Experimental–CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
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Vega Benedetti AF, Cimino RO, Cajal PS, Juarez MDV, Villalpando CA, Gil JF, Marcipar IS, Krolewiecki AJ, Nasser JR. Performance of different Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in the diagnosis of Chagas disease in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis from a co-endemic region in Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 2013; 18:1103-1109. [PMID: 23837449 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of recombinant antigens to detect cases of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi among cases of infection with Leishmania spp. by serological methods. METHODS Sera from 41 patients infected with Leishmania spp. were evaluated with ELISA using single (FRA, CP1 and TSSAVI) or pooled (commercial Rec-ELISA) recombinant proteins or homogenate antigens (commercial H-ELISA). As there is no gold standard antigen to discriminate Chagas disease from leishmaniasis, the correlation of results between defined antigens and the homogenate was made with Kappa Index (KI), the level of correlation considered being used as a criterion of specificity. RESULTS Single recombinant antigens and Rec-ELISA showed good correlation (KI > 0.8). A low correlation (KI < 0.66) was observed between the results from single recombinant antigens or the commercial recombinant kit and H-ELISA. CONCLUSIONS The highly correlated results between T. cruzi single or pooled recombinant proteins are indicative of the usefulness of recombinant antigens for Chagas diagnosis. Our results also indicate that in the city of Oran in Argentina, between 12% and 17% of patients with leishmaniasis are also infected with Chagas disease. The high KI values between TSSAVI and the other recombinant proteins suggest that in these patients, the infection may be caused by T. cruzi II and/or V and/or VI lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Vega Benedetti
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.,Instituto de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Rubén O Cimino
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Pamela S Cajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Marisa Del Valle Juarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Villalpando
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - José F Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván S Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.,Instituto de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio R Nasser
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
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17
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Cimino RO, Diosque P, López Quiroga IR, Gil JF, Nasser JR. [Immunoenzymatic evaluation of the recombinant SAPA protein of Trypanosoma cruzi in naturally infected dogs]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2012; 44:177-181. [PMID: 23102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the recombinant antigen SAPA (Shed Acute Phase Antigen) for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in sera from naturally infected dogs. The technique used was ELISA and the antigens were a homogenate of parasite T. cruzi (ELISA-H) and the recombinant SAPA (ELISA-SAPA). We analyzed 93 sera from dogs by ELISA-H and ELISA-SAPA, which were grouped as follows: G1: 11 negative control sera from the city of Salta, G2: 11 positive control sera from dogs naturally infected with T. cruzi and G3: 71 samples of dogs belonging to a Chagas disease-endemic area. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA-SAPA were 100 %. The kappa index between ELISA-H and ELISA-SAPA was 0,85. These results confirm the use of SAPA antigen in the diagnosis of infection with T. cruzi in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén O Cimino
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina.
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18
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Gil JF, Hoyos CL, Cimino RO, Krolewiecki AJ, López Quiroga I, Cajal SP, Juárez M, García Bustos MF, Mora MC, Marco JD, Nasser JR. [Role of three ELISA tests using promastigote homogenates of Leishmania braziliensis, L. amazonensis and L. guyanensis in the diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis]. Medicina (B Aires) 2011; 71:420-428. [PMID: 22057166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to know whether the variability of species of Leishmania parasites circulating in a region affects the performance of the ELISA test for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the reactivity of the ELISA using homogenates of promastigotes of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis (ELISAb), Leishmania (L) amazonensis (ELISAa) and Leishmania (V.) guyanensis (ELISAg) against different sera groups. Samples from individuals with cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 37), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 8), healthy controls (n = 52), persons infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (n = 11) and mixed infections (n = 14) were included in the study. We calculated sensitivities, specificities, cut offs, and predictive values for the three tests and compared them using ANOVA, kappa index, ROC curves comparison, and confidence intervals calculated by the bootstrap method. Significant differences were found when comparing the OD levels of sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis against healthy controls, but there were no differences when comparing the different ELISAs. The sensitivities calculated for ELISAb and ELISAa were 84.6 and of 88.5% for ELISAg, while the value of specificity for the three tests was 96.2. The kappa index (0.87) and comparison of ROC curves showed similar performance for the three ELISAs (p = 0.225). The high reactivity obtained for these ELISAs in sera of patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis indicates this test as an important complement in the diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET), Sede Regional Orán.
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Gil JF, Nasser JR, Cajal SP, Juarez M, Acosta N, Cimino RO, Diosque P, Krolewiecki AJ. Urban transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Argentina: spatial analysis study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82:433-40. [PMID: 20207869 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We used kernel density and scan statistics to examine the spatial distribution of cases of pediatric and adult American cutaneous leishmaniasis in an urban disease-endemic area in Salta Province, Argentina. Spatial analysis was used for the whole population and stratified by women > 14 years of age (n = 159), men > 14 years of age (n = 667), and children < 15 years of age (n = 213). Although kernel density for adults encompassed nearly the entire city, distribution in children was most prevalent in the peripheral areas of the city. Scan statistic analysis for adult males, adult females, and children found 11, 2, and 8 clusters, respectively. Clusters for children had the highest odds ratios (P < 0.05) and were located in proximity of plantations and secondary vegetation. The data from this study provide further evidence of the potential urban transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina.
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Diosque P, Barnabé C, Padilla AM, Marco JD, Cardozo RM, Cimino RO, Nasser JR, Tibayrenc M, Basombrío MA. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from a geographically restricted endemic area for Chagas' disease in Argentina. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33:997-1003. [PMID: 13129520 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A set of 65 Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from dogs, opossums, insect vectors and humans was isolated in a geographically restricted endemic area for Chagas' disease in Argentina and was analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for 15 loci. The results show that at least five multilocus genotypes (clonets) circulate in the study area, one belonging to T. cruzi IIe, one to T. cruzi IId and three clonets belonging to T. cruzi I; and they confirm the presence of these lineages in the country. The three clonets attributed to T. cruzi I were identical to each other for all loci except for Sod-2, where three different patterns were identified. These patterns suggest the presence of two homozygous genotypes and one heterozygous genotype. Our results also suggest association of clonet IIe with dogs, clonet IId with humans and the three T. cruzi I clonets with Didelphis albiventris. On the other hand, there was no significant association between Triatoma infestans and any particular clonet circulating in the area. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of natural selection, from mixed populations of T. cruzi in vectors, toward more restricted populations in mammals. The epidemiological implications of the possible selection of different clonets by different mammal hosts and the significance of two homozygous genotypes and one heterozygous genotype for the Sod-2 locus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Diosque
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Calle Buenos Aires 177, CP 4400 Salta, Argentina.
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