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Berberoglu MA, Gallagher TL, Morrow ZT, Talbot JC, Hromowyk KJ, Tenente IM, Langenau DM, Amacher SL. Satellite-like cells contribute to pax7-dependent skeletal muscle repair in adult zebrafish. Dev Biol 2017; 424:162-180. [PMID: 28279710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells, also known as muscle stem cells, are responsible for skeletal muscle growth and repair in mammals. Pax7 and Pax3 transcription factors are established satellite cell markers required for muscle development and regeneration, and there is great interest in identifying additional factors that regulate satellite cell proliferation, differentiation, and/or skeletal muscle regeneration. Due to the powerful regenerative capacity of many zebrafish tissues, even in adults, we are exploring the regenerative potential of adult zebrafish skeletal muscle. Here, we show that adult zebrafish skeletal muscle contains cells similar to mammalian satellite cells. Adult zebrafish satellite-like cells have dense heterochromatin, express Pax7 and Pax3, proliferate in response to injury, and show peak myogenic responses 4-5 days post-injury (dpi). Furthermore, using a pax7a-driven GFP reporter, we present evidence implicating satellite-like cells as a possible source of new muscle. In lieu of central nucleation, which distinguishes regenerating myofibers in mammals, we describe several characteristics that robustly identify newly-forming myofibers from surrounding fibers in injured adult zebrafish muscle. These characteristics include partially overlapping expression in satellite-like cells and regenerating myofibers of two RNA-binding proteins Rbfox2 and Rbfoxl1, known to regulate embryonic muscle development and function. Finally, by analyzing pax7a; pax7b double mutant zebrafish, we show that Pax7 is required for adult skeletal muscle repair, as it is in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Berberoglu
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas L Gallagher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary T Morrow
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kimberly J Hromowyk
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Inês M Tenente
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Molecular Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David M Langenau
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Molecular Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Tenente IM, Hayes MN, Ignatius MS, McCarthy K, Yohe M, Sindiri S, Gryder B, Oliveira ML, Ramakrishnan A, Tang Q, Chen EY, Petur Nielsen G, Khan J, Langenau DM. Myogenic regulatory transcription factors regulate growth in rhabdomyosarcoma. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28080960 PMCID: PMC5231408 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric malignacy of muscle with myogenic regulatory transcription factors MYOD and MYF5 being expressed in this disease. Consensus in the field has been that expression of these factors likely reflects the target cell of transformation rather than being required for continued tumor growth. Here, we used a transgenic zebrafish model to show that Myf5 is sufficient to confer tumor-propagating potential to RMS cells and caused tumors to initiate earlier and have higher penetrance. Analysis of human RMS revealed that MYF5 and MYOD are mutually-exclusively expressed and each is required for sustained tumor growth. ChIP-seq and mechanistic studies in human RMS uncovered that MYF5 and MYOD bind common DNA regulatory elements to alter transcription of genes that regulate muscle development and cell cycle progression. Our data support unappreciated and dominant oncogenic roles for MYF5 and MYOD convergence on common transcriptional targets to regulate human RMS growth. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19214.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Tenente
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,GABBA Program, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madeline N Hayes
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Myron S Ignatius
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Molecular Medicine, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
| | - Karin McCarthy
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Marielle Yohe
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - Mariana L Oliveira
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ashwin Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Qin Tang
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Eleanor Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
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3
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Abstract
Zebrafish have become a powerful tool for assessing development, regeneration, and cancer. More recently, allograft cell transplantation protocols have been developed that permit engraftment of normal and malignant cells into irradiated, syngeneic, and immune compromised adult zebrafish. These models when coupled with optimized cell transplantation protocols allow for the rapid assessment of stem cell function, regeneration following injury, and cancer. Here, we present a method for cell transplantation of zebrafish adult skeletal muscle and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), a pediatric sarcoma that shares features with embryonic muscle, into immune compromised adult rag2E450fs homozygous mutant zebrafish. Importantly, these animals lack T cells and have reduced B cell function, facilitating engraftment of a wide range of tissues from unrelated donor animals. Our optimized protocols show that fluorescently labeled muscle cell preparations from α-actin-RFP transgenic zebrafish engraft robustly when implanted into the dorsal musculature of rag2 homozygous mutant fish. We also demonstrate engraftment of fluorescent-transgenic ERMS where fluorescence is confined to cells based on differentiation status. Specifically, ERMS were created in AB-strain myf5-GFP; mylpfa-mCherry double transgenic animals and tumors injected into the peritoneum of adult immune compromised fish. The utility of these protocols extends to engraftment of a wide range of normal and malignant donor cells that can be implanted into dorsal musculature or peritoneum of adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Tenente
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; GABBA - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto
| | - Qin Tang
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Stem Cell Institute
| | - John C Moore
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Stem Cell Institute;
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Stem Cell Institute;
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Tang Q, Abdelfattah NS, Blackburn JS, Moore JC, Martinez SA, Moore FE, Lobbardi R, Tenente IM, Ignatius MS, Berman JN, Liwski RS, Houvras Y, Langenau DM. Optimized cell transplantation using adult rag2 mutant zebrafish. Nat Methods 2014; 11:821-4. [PMID: 25042784 PMCID: PMC4294527 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation into adult zebrafish has lagged behind mouse due to the lack of immune compromised models. Here, we have created homozygous rag2E450fs mutant zebrafish that have reduced numbers of functional T and B cells but are viable and fecund. Mutant fish engraft zebrafish muscle, blood stem cells, and cancers. rag2E450fs mutant zebrafish are the first immune compromised zebrafish model that permits robust, long-term engraftment of multiple tissues and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [5]
| | - Nouran S Abdelfattah
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [5]
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [5]
| | - John C Moore
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A Martinez
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Finola E Moore
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inês M Tenente
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myron S Ignatius
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason N Berman
- Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert S Liwski
- Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yariv Houvras
- 1] Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - David M Langenau
- 1] Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [5]
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Abstract
Telomerase activity is restricted in humans. Consequentially, telomeres shorten in most cells throughout our lives. Telomere dysfunction in vertebrates has been primarily studied in inbred mice strains with very long telomeres that fail to deplete telomeric repeats during their lifetime. It is, therefore, unclear how telomere shortening regulates tissue homeostasis in vertebrates with naturally short telomeres. Zebrafish have restricted telomerase expression and human-like telomere length. Here we show that first-generation tert−/− zebrafish die prematurely with shorter telomeres. tert−/− fish develop degenerative phenotypes, including premature infertility, gastrointestinal atrophy, and sarcopaenia. tert−/− mutants have impaired cell proliferation, accumulation of DNA damage markers, and a p53 response leading to early apoptosis, followed by accumulation of senescent cells. Apoptosis is primarily observed in the proliferative niche and germ cells. Cell proliferation, but not apoptosis, is rescued in tp53−/−tert−/− mutants, underscoring p53 as mediator of telomerase deficiency and consequent telomere instability. Thus, telomerase is limiting for zebrafish lifespan, enabling the study of telomere shortening in naturally ageing individuals. Telomerase mutations in humans give rise to premature ageing syndromes. In animals, the wealth of knowledge in telomere biology has been biased by the almost exclusive analysis of long-telomere mice. The role of telomere shortening requires investigation in organisms that, much like humans, have evolved telomere length as an internal cell division “timer.” We provide evidence for such a model. We show for the first time that telomerase is required during zebrafish lifespan. In contrast to mice, first-generation telomerase zebrafish mutants display degenerative phenotypes and die prematurely by one year of age. Furthermore, we show that most telomerase deficiency in this model leads to time- and tissue-specific apoptotic and senescence responses, highlighting different tissue thresholds to telomere dysfunction. Our results show that telomeres are maintained just above a critical threshold and that telomerase function is truly limiting for zebrafish lifespan and tissue homeostasis, closely mimicking the human scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inês M. Tenente
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Jacinto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Ignatius MS, Chen E, Elpek NM, Fuller AZ, Tenente IM, Clagg R, Liu S, Blackburn JS, Linardic CM, Rosenberg AE, Nielsen PG, Mempel TR, Langenau DM. In vivo imaging of tumor-propagating cells, regional tumor heterogeneity, and dynamic cell movements in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:680-693. [PMID: 22624717 PMCID: PMC3381357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is an aggressive pediatric sarcoma of muscle. Here, we show that ERMS-propagating potential is confined to myf5+ cells and can be visualized in live, fluorescent transgenic zebrafish. During early tumor growth, myf5+ ERMS cells reside adjacent normal muscle fibers. By late-stage ERMS, myf5+ cells are reorganized into distinct regions separated from differentiated tumor cells. Time-lapse imaging of late-stage ERMS revealed that myf5+ cells populate newly formed tumor only after seeding by highly migratory myogenin+ ERMS cells. Moreover, myogenin+ ERMS cells can enter the vasculature, whereas myf5+ ERMS-propagating cells do not. Our data suggest that non-tumor-propagating cells likely have important supportive roles in cancer progression and facilitate metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
- Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5/genetics
- Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5/metabolism
- Myogenin/genetics
- Myogenin/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/blood supply
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron S Ignatius
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eleanor Chen
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Natalie M Elpek
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adam Z Fuller
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Inês M Tenente
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ryan Clagg
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sali Liu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew E Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Petur G Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - David M Langenau
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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