Impact of clear aligner therapy on masticatory musculature and stomatognathic system: a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions

BACKGROUND

Clear aligner therapy has gained popularity as a minimally invasive orthodontic treatment option. However, its impact on the masticatory musculature and the stomatognathic system is an area of growing interest, as it involves the adjustment of occlusion and tooth movement. This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess and synthesise existing evidence regarding the influence of clear aligner therapy on the masticatory musculature and the stomatognathic system.

METHODS

An exhaustive search was performed on electronic databases that adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Clinical studies that evaluated the impact of patients receiving aligner orthodontic treatment on the muscles of the mastication and stomatognathic systems were included. A standardised data extraction form was devised for relevant variables. Two reviewers extracted the data variables. ROB-2 was used for bias evaluation in the selected studies.

RESULTS

A total of six studies met the inclusion criteria. The wearing of clear aligners significantly impacted the muscles of mastication. Muscle activity and discomfort showed a significant alteration in the initial days of appliance placement. but this observation was temporary, with no significant changes thereafter in subsequent follow-up. Bite force reduction was also noted. All the studies evaluated showed good methodological quality.

CONCLUSION

The review found that aligned orthodontic treatment may have a variable impact on muscles of mastication, with a potential for initial exacerbation of symptoms followed by possible improvement. However, due to the limited number of studies and their heterogeneous nature, further robust research is recommended to fully understand the relationship between aligned orthodontic treatment and masticatory muscles.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunct photodynamic therapy on periodontal and glycemic statuses in prediabetic patients with periodontal disease

OBJECTIVE

Studies have shown that non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) helps reduce periodontal inflammation and glycemic levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus; however, the role of NSPT with adjunct photodynamic therapy on glycemic status and periodontal parameters in prediabetic patients remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of NSPT with and without adjunct PDT on periodontal and glycemic statuses in prediabetic patients with periodontal disease.

METHODS

Prediabetic (Group-1) and non-diabetic (Group-2) patients diagnosed with periodontal inflammation were included. In both groups, patients were randomly assigned to test and control-groups. In the test- and control groups, patients underwent NSPT with and without adjunct PDT, respectively. The following parameters were assessed at baseline and at four weeks' follow-up: plaque index (PI); gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Collection of demographic data and assessment of full mouth marginal bone loss was performed at baseline. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

At baseline, there was no difference in PI, GI and PD among patients with and without prediabetes. At 3-weeks' follow up there was no difference in PI, GI and PD among patients without prediabetes. PI (P < 0.01), GI (P < 0.01) and PD (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the control-group compared with the test-group at 3-weeks' follow-up in patients without prediabetes. The HbA1c levels were significantly higher in patients with prediabetes throughout the study duration compared with individuals without prediabetes.

CONCLUSION

One session of NSPT with or without PDT reduce periodontal inflammation but do not influence glycemic levels in prediabetic patients.

Knowledge and Practice about Self-Medication for Oral Health Problems among Population in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

Aim:

The aim of this study was to know self-medication practices among the population of Riyadh region for oral health issues.

Methodology:

A questionnaire consisting of demographic self-practice of medication for oral health problems and knowledge about self-medication practices was sent through Google forms and it was in Arabic and English languages. The link of the questionnaire was sent through social and requested to send the link to their friends and relatives.

Results:

About 50.4% of study participants were having self-practice of medication for oral health problems. Self-practice of medication for oral health issues was statistically significant according to age gender and education (P < 0.05). Toothache (62.4%) is the main problem triggering self-medication and lack of time (44.6%) is the main reason for self-medication. Pain killer (68.8%) was the main medication and antibiotics were used by 2.2% of subjects.

Conclusion:

Self-medication practice is prevalent in the world and hence, education regarding its consequences and adverse effects for the general public is mandatory.

Awareness and Knowledge about Sugar Substitutes among Population in Riyadh Region

Background:

The food we consume will have sugar in one or the other form, which is not ideal for our teeth. This can be replaced by the use of sugar substitutes available in the market. Sugar substitutes have beneficial and adverse effects on health. In spite of their beneficial effects, long-term use of sugar substitutes is not recommended because of their health-related complications. Therefore, before consuming any sugar substitutes, everyone needs to know about both health benefits and their health hazards; hence, the present study was designed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and utilization of sugar substitutes among the general population in Riyadh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:

The aim is to assess the awareness and knowledge about sugar substitutes.

Methodology:

Questionnaire consisting of demographic details, awareness, and knowledge about sugar substitutes were sent through social media and it was in the Arabic and English Language. After completing the questionnaire, participants are requested to send the link to their friends and relatives.

Results:

About 60.20% of participants were aware of sugar substitutes. Statistically significant difference was observed for gender and awareness of sugar substitutes (P < 0.05). About 31.5% of the participants are of the view that sugar substitutes have got side effects. About 61.9% of participants are of the view that Sugar substitute reduces the chance of occurrence of dental caries.

Conclusions:

Overall, 60.2% of study participants were aware of sugar substitutes, but the controversy on most of the artificial sweeteners cannot be ignored. Hence, the safety of these sweeteners is of prime importance for scientists. Any usage of sugar substitutes should be weighed against the adverse effects.

Oral Health Myths among General Population at Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

Background:

Taboos or myths have got a connection from the history where there was no scientific understanding about the concepts of health they are part of culture and information shared or communicated by a number of people. Understanding myths and misbelieves are important to provide good oral care with health education to the people.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral health myths and to find its association between the demographic factors of general public in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

Questionnaire consisting of demographic details and myths about oral health problems was sent through Google forms. The link of questionnaire was sent through social media and requested to send the link to their friends and relatives.

Results:

About 50.71% of the study participants were against to myths and 23.48% of study participants were toward myths. The response in terms of agreement, disagreement or do not know was statistically not significant according to age, gender, or education.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of myths about dental treatment is almost 50%. This population needs to be educated to know the fact and to take action to rectify them about dental treatments.

Knowledge and attitude of male schoolteachers towards primary dental care

Introduction:

Children are the most important natural resources. School is a location which helps to promote the health of staff, families, and community members along with the students. Teachers are the most resourceful manpower available to deliver any healthcare at school setup.

Aims and Objectives:

To assess the knowledge and attitude towards primary dental care among male schoolteachers at Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out involving male teachers working in primary schools at Al-Kharj KSA. A total of 350 teachers were included in this study. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey consisting of 17 questions related to knowledge and attitude towards dental care and oral hygiene practices.

Results:

The overall knowledge was fair among the schoolteachers (65.4%). Al-Kharj male schoolteachers were having a positive attitude. Teaching experience and knowledge showed a statistically significant relation (P < 0.05.

Conclusion:

Although primary schoolteachers had a fair knowledge and good attitudes towards dental care, there is a need to conduct training programs about oral health education in schools and check how teachers educate their children to maintain dental care.

Antimicrobial Activity of Curcuma longa L. Extract on Periodontal Pathogens

AIM

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Curcuma longa L. extract (CLE) on periodontal pathogens.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty patients were divided into three groups: Group I (n = 20) patients treated with scaling and root planning (SRP) only, Group II (n = 20) patients treated with SRP followed by subgingival irrigation with 1% CLE solution, and Group III (n = 20) patients treated with SRP followed by subgingival irrigation with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution. The clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI] scores, probing pocket depths) were recorded at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. The antimicrobial efficacy of 1% CLE and 0.2% CHX solutions against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were evaluated by disk diffusion method.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in the mean values of zone of inhibition exhibited by both CLE and CHX solutions. All the groups showed significant improvement in the clinical parameters when compared to baseline values. The improvement in the PI and GI scores in the CLE group was lesser than that in CHX group by the end of the study period.

CONCLUSION

CLE possess antimicrobial efficacy against the common periodontopathic bacteria. However, further large-scale studies evaluating the substantivity of C. longa are required to support its beneficial use in the treatment of periodontal diseases.