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Watowich MM, Chiou KL, Graves B, tague MJM, Brent LJ, Higham JP, Horvath JE, Lu A, Martinez MI, Platt ML, Schneider-Crease IA, Lea AJ, Snyder-Mackler N. Best practices for genotype imputation from low-coverage sequencing data in natural populations. Mol Ecol Resour 2023:10.1111/1755-0998.13854. [PMID: 37602981 PMCID: PMC10879460 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring genetic diversity in wild populations is a central goal of ecological and evolutionary genetics and is critical for conservation biology. However, genetic studies of nonmodel organisms generally lack access to species-specific genotyping methods (e.g. array-based genotyping) and must instead use sequencing-based approaches. Although costs are decreasing, high-coverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which produces the highest confidence genotypes, remains expensive. More economical reduced representation sequencing approaches fail to capture much of the genome, which can hinder downstream inference. Low-coverage WGS combined with imputation using a high-confidence reference panel is a cost-effective alternative, but the accuracy of genotyping using low-coverage WGS and imputation in nonmodel populations is still largely uncharacterized. Here, we empirically tested the accuracy of low-coverage sequencing (0.1-10×) and imputation in two natural populations, one with a large (n = 741) reference panel, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and one with a smaller (n = 68) reference panel, gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada). Using samples sequenced to coverage as low as 0.5×, we could impute genotypes at >95% of the sites in the reference panel with high accuracy (median r2 ≥ 0.92). We show that low-coverage imputed genotypes can reliably calculate genetic relatedness and population structure. Based on these data, we also provide best practices and recommendations for researchers who wish to deploy this approach in other populations, with all code available on GitHub (https://github.com/mwatowich/LoCSI-for-non-model-species). Our results endorse accurate and effective genotype imputation from low-coverage sequencing, enabling the cost-effective generation of population-scale genetic datasets necessary for tackling many pressing challenges of wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Watowich
- Department of Biology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN, 37235
| | - Kenneth L. Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
| | - Brian Graves
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michael J. Mon tague
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren J.N. Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter; Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
| | - James P. Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University; New York, NY 10003, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; New York, NY, 10016 USA
| | - Julie E. Horvath
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University; Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Research and Collections Section, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences; Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Melween I. Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico; San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Marketing Department, Wharton School of Business; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - India A. Schneider-Crease
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
| | - Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA
- Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University; Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA
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DeLacey PM, Sen S, Schneider-Crease IA, Chiou KL, Lemma A, Ayele F, Haile AA, Lu A, Bergman TJ, Beehner JC, Snyder-Mackler N. Vascularization underlies differences in sexually selected skin coloration in a wild primate. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4401-4411. [PMID: 37226287 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive competition can select for condition-dependent, conspicuous traits that signal some aspect of fighting ability and facilitate assessment of potential rivals. However, the underlying mechanisms that link the signal to a male's current condition are difficult to investigate in wild populations, often requiring invasive experimental manipulation. Here, we use digital photographs and chest skin samples to investigate the mechanisms of a visual signal used in male competition in a wild primate, the red chest patch in geladas (Theropithecus gelada). We analysed photographs collected during natural (n = 144) and anaesthetized conditions (n = 38) to understand variability in male and female chest redness, and we used chest skin biopsies (n = 38) to explore sex differences in gene expression. Male and female geladas showed similar average redness, but males exhibited a wider within-individual range in redness under natural conditions. These sex differences were also reflected at the molecular level, with 10.5% of genes exhibiting significant sex differences in expression. Subadult males exhibited intermediate gene expression patterns between adult males and females, pointing to mechanisms underlying the development of the red chest patch. We found that genes more highly expressed in males were associated with blood vessel development and maintenance but not with androgen or oestrogen activity. Together, our results suggest male gelada redness variability is driven by increased blood vessel branching in the chest skin, providing a potential link between male chest redness and current condition as increased blood circulation to exposed skin could lead to heat loss in the cold, high-altitude environment of geladas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M DeLacey
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharmi Sen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - India A Schneider-Crease
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenneth L Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Alemayehu Lemma
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Ferehiwot Ayele
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Thore J Bergman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Schneider-Crease IA, Feder JA, Baniel A, McCann C, Haile AA, Abebe B, Fitzgerald L, Gomery MA, Simberloff RA, Petrie ZL, Gabriel S, Dorny P, Fashing PJ, Nguyen N, Bergman TJ, Beehner JC, Snyder-Mackler N, Lu A. Urinary neopterin reflects immunological variation associated with age, helminth parasitism, and the microbiome in a wild primate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21307. [PMID: 36494454 PMCID: PMC9734142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neopterin, a product of activated white blood cells, is a marker of nonspecific inflammation that can capture variation in immune investment or disease-related immune activity and can be collected noninvasively in urine. Mounting studies in wildlife point to lifetime patterns in neopterin related to immune development, aging, and certain diseases, but rarely are studies able to assess whether neopterin can capture multiple concurrent dimensions of health and disease in a single system. We assessed the relationship between urinary neopterin stored on filter paper and multiple metrics of health and disease in wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada), primates endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. We tested whether neopterin captures age-related variation in inflammation arising from developing immunity in infancy and chronic inflammation in old age, inflammation related to intramuscular tapeworm infection, helminth-induced anti-inflammatory immunomodulation, and perturbations in the gastrointestinal microbiome. We found that neopterin had a U-shaped relationship with age, no association with larval tapeworm infection, a negative relationship with metrics related to gastrointestinal helminth infection, and a negative relationship with microbial diversity. Together with growing research on neopterin and specific diseases, our results demonstrate that urinary neopterin can be a powerful tool for assessing multiple dimensions of health and disease in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- India A. Schneider-Crease
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Jacob A. Feder
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Alice Baniel
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Colleen McCann
- grid.269823.40000 0001 2164 6888Department of Mammals, Bronx Zoo, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY USA ,grid.452706.20000 0004 7667 1687New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Belayneh Abebe
- African Wildlife Foundation, Simien Mountains Landscape Conservation and Management Project, Debark, Ethiopia
| | - Lauren Fitzgerald
- grid.259956.40000 0001 2195 6763Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH USA
| | | | - Ruth A. Simberloff
- grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | | | - Sarah Gabriel
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- grid.11505.300000 0001 2153 5088Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter J. Fashing
- grid.253559.d0000 0001 2292 8158Department of Anthropology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA USA ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nga Nguyen
- grid.253559.d0000 0001 2292 8158Department of Anthropology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA USA ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thore J. Bergman
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jacinta C. Beehner
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA ,grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Amy Lu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
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Schneider-Crease IA, Blackwell AD, Kraft TS, Emery Thompson M, Maldonado Suarez I, Cummings DK, Stieglitz J, Snyder-Mackler N, Gurven M, Kaplan H, Trumble BC. Helminth infection is associated with dampened cytokine responses to viral and bacterial stimulations in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists. Evol Med Public Health 2021; 9:349-359. [PMID: 34868595 PMCID: PMC8634526 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and humans share long co-evolutionary histories over which STHs have evolved strategies to permit their persistence by downregulating host immunity. Understanding the interactions between STHs and other pathogens can inform our understanding of human evolution and contemporary disease patterns. Methodology We worked with Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon, where STHs are prevalent. We tested whether STHs and eosinophil levels—likely indicative of infection in this population—are associated with dampened immune responses to in vitro stimulation with H1N1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. Whole blood samples (n = 179) were treated with H1N1 vaccine and LPS and assayed for 13 cytokines (INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, GM-CSF and TNF-ɑ). We evaluated how STHs and eosinophil levels affected cytokine responses and T helper (Th) 1 and Th2-cytokine suite responses to stimulation. Results Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with lower response of some cytokines to H1N1 and LPS in women. Eosinophils were significantly negatively associated with some cytokine responses to H1N1 and LPS, with the strongest effects in women, and associated with a reduced Th1- and Th2-cytokine response to H1N1 and LPS in women and men. Conclusions and implications Consistent with the ‘old friends’ and hygiene hypotheses, we find that STHs were associated with dampened cytokine responses to certain viral and bacterial antigens. This suggests that STH infections may play an essential role in immune response regulation and that the lack of STH immune priming in industrialized populations may increase the risk of over-reactive immunity. Lay Summary: Indicators of helminth infection were associated with dampened cytokine immune responses to in vitro stimulation with viral and bacterial antigens in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon, consistent with the ‘old friends’ and hygiene hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron D Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Thomas S Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Schneider-Crease IA, Snyder-Mackler N, Jarvey JC, Bergman TJ. Molecular identification of Taenia serialis coenurosis in a wild Ethiopian gelada (Theropithecus gelada). Vet Parasitol 2013; 198:240-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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