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De Maeseneer M, Doering S, De Grove V, Buls N, de Mey J, Shahabpour M, Provyn S, Willekens I. Physical activity increases synovial fluid in ankle tendon sheaths: an adjustment of MR Criteria is needed. Surg Radiol Anat 2023; 45:193-199. [PMID: 36646907 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-03068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the amount of fluid in synovial sheaths of the ankle before and after running. Our hypothesis was that this amount would increase and that the threshold for what is normally acceptable should be adjusted after physical activity. METHODS Twenty-one healthy volunteers (n = 42 ankles) ran for 40 min on a treadmill. They underwent 3 T MRI before and immediately after running using a dedicated ankle coil. The images were stored and subsequently measured in a standardized way and independently read by two readers for fluid in the tendon sheaths in the retro and inframalleolar area. Statistics were performed for each tendon (Wilcoxon signed rank test), and also for the pooled data. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS For reader 1, for all tendons the values after running increased without reaching statistical significance. For reader 2 this was not the case for all tendons but for most. When all the data were pooled (n = 800 measurements), the statistical difference before and after running was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Data pre and post-running show a trend of increasing synovial fluid, however, not significant for each individual tendon. The pooled data for all tendons, (n = 800) show a statistically significant increase after running (p < 0.001). The clinical implication is that the threshold for normally acceptable fluid should be adjusted if the patient undergoes an MR study after recent physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel De Maeseneer
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Seema Doering
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle De Grove
- Department of Radiology, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan de Mey
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Shahabpour
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Provyn
- Department of Experimental Anatomy, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inneke Willekens
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Gungor B, Grove VD, Willekens I, Buls N, de Mey J, Maeseneer MD. Pseudo-Tendinopathy on MRI of the Navicular and Tarsometatarsal Parts of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon: A Study in Normal Individuals. Eur J Radiol 2022; 150:110227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Michoux NF, Ceranka JW, Vandemeulebroucke J, Peeters F, Lu P, Absil J, Triqueneaux P, Liu Y, Collette L, Willekens I, Brussaard C, Debeir O, Hahn S, Raeymaekers H, de Mey J, Metens T, Lecouvet FE. Repeatability and reproducibility of ADC measurements: a prospective multicenter whole-body-MRI study. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:4514-4527. [PMID: 33409773 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multicenter oncology trials increasingly include MRI examinations with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) quantification for lesion characterization and follow-up. However, the repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) limits above which a true change in ADC can be considered relevant are poorly defined. This study assessed these limits in a standardized whole-body (WB)-MRI protocol. METHODS A prospective, multicenter study was performed at three centers equipped with the same 3.0-T scanners to test a WB-MRI protocol including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Eight healthy volunteers per center were enrolled to undergo test and retest examinations in the same center and a third examination in another center. ADC variability was assessed in multiple organs by two readers using two-way mixed ANOVA, Bland-Altman plots, coefficient of variation (CoV), and the upper limit of the 95% CI on repeatability (RC) and reproducibility (RDC) coefficients. RESULTS CoV of ADC was not influenced by other factors (center, reader) than the organ. Based on the upper limit of the 95% CI on RC and RDC (from both readers), a change in ADC in an individual patient must be superior to 12% (cerebrum white matter), 16% (paraspinal muscle), 22% (renal cortex), 26% (central and peripheral zones of the prostate), 29% (renal medulla), 35% (liver), 45% (spleen), 50% (posterior iliac crest), 66% (L5 vertebra), 68% (femur), and 94% (acetabulum) to be significant. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes R&R limits above which ADC changes can be considered as a reliable quantitative endpoint to assess disease or treatment-related changes in the tissue microstructure in the setting of multicenter WB-MRI trials. KEY POINTS • The present study showed the range of R&R of ADC in WB-MRI that may be achieved in a multicenter framework when a standardized protocol is deployed. • R&R was not influenced by the site of acquisition of DW images. • Clinically significant changes in ADC measured in a multicenter WB-MRI protocol performed with the same type of MRI scanner must be superior to 12% (cerebrum white matter), 16% (paraspinal muscle), 22% (renal cortex), 26% (central zone and peripheral zone of prostate), 29% (renal medulla), 35% (liver), 45% (spleen), 50% (posterior iliac crest), 66% (L5 vertebra), 68% (femur), and 94% (acetabulum) to be detected with a 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F Michoux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale & Clinique (IREC) - Radiology Department, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) - Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jakub W Ceranka
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jef Vandemeulebroucke
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Peeters
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale & Clinique (IREC) - Radiology Department, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) - Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lu
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale & Clinique (IREC) - Radiology Department, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) - Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Absil
- Radiology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Perrine Triqueneaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale & Clinique (IREC) - Radiology Department, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) - Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yan Liu
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Collette
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Olivier Debeir
- LISA (Laboratories of Image Synthesis and Analysis), Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan Hahn
- LISA (Laboratories of Image Synthesis and Analysis), Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Thierry Metens
- Radiology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric E Lecouvet
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale & Clinique (IREC) - Radiology Department, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) - Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Willekens I, Fares A, Devos H, Shahabpour M, Lenchik L, Buls N, De Maeseneer M. Prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in the temporomandibular joint in patients with chondrocalcinosis of the knee or wrist. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20190450. [PMID: 32479114 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of TMJ chondrocalcinosis on head CT scans in patients with chondrocalcinosis of the knee or wrist. METHODS AND MATERIALS 227 patients with radiological evidence of calcifications on knee or wrist radiographs had a head CT scan obtained for unrelated purposes. CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of temporomandibular crystal deposition. Prevalence, bilaterality, age and gender distribution were determined. RESULTS 41 of 227 (18%) of patients had TMJ chondrocalcinosis. TMJ chondrocalcinosis was more common in females (17%) than males (1%). It was more commonly unilateral (68%) than bilateral (32%). CONCLUSION In patients with peripheral calcific disease, the TMJ is more commonly involved than previously reported and this is more common in females compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Abdallah Fares
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Hannes Devos
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Maryam Shahabpour
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Leon Lenchik
- Wake Forest University Medical School, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
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Willekens I, Shahabpour M, Lenchik L, Buls N, De Mey J, Provyn S, De Maeseneer M. Fluid distribution in ankle tendon sheaths in healthy volunteers: MRI findings. Surg Radiol Anat 2019; 41:1445-1449. [PMID: 31630237 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess normal distribution of fluid in the tendon sheaths of the ankle. METHODS 21 healthy volunteers were evaluated. Bilateral ankle MRI was performed on a 3T unit with PD-weighted images with fat saturation. The images were interpreted by two radiologists separately, and the short-axis dimension of fluid amount was measured. Bland-Altman plots and correlation plots were used to assess consistency between readers. RESULTS There were 13 men and 8 women. The mean age was 24.7 years. Fluid in the retromalleolar part of the peroneus longus was seen in three ankles of three volunteers and in the inframalleolar part in three ankles of three volunteers. Fluid in the retromalleolar part of the peroneus brevis was seen in four ankles of three volunteers and in the inframalleolar part in three ankles of two volunteers. Fluid in the retromalleolar part of the tibialis posterior was seen in 37 ankles of 20 volunteers and in the inframalleolar part in 38 ankles of 21 volunteers Fluid in the retromalleolar part of the flexor digitorum was seen in 14 ankles of eight volunteers and in the inframalleolar part in 11 ankles of eight volunteers Fluid in the retromalleolar part of the flexor hallucis longus was seen in 23 ankles of 16 volunteers and in the inframalleolar part in 17 ankles of 11 volunteers. CONCLUSION Fluid is common in the retro- and inframalleolar parts of the medial tendons. Fluid is virtually absent in the peroneal tendons and anterior tendon sheaths in normal volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Shahabpour
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leon Lenchik
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan De Mey
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Provyn
- Department of Experimental Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel De Maeseneer
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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De Maeseneer M, Shahabpour M, Lenchik L, Provyn S, De Ridder F, Buls N, Willekens I. Pseudo-tear appearance of the posterior tibiotalar ligament on fluid-sensitive sequences. Surg Radiol Anat 2018; 41:65-68. [PMID: 30523385 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-018-2144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at studying the MR imaging appearance of the tibiotalar ligament in asymptomatic volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourty-two ankles were imaged on a 3T MR system using proton density weighted images with fat saturation (TR, 2969 ms; TE 30 ms; NA, 2; slice thickness, 2.5 mm). Subjects with acute ankle conditions or history of previous trauma were not included in the study group. Images were obtained in the three orthogonal planes. The posterior tibiotalar ligament was assessed on coronal imaging, by consensus of two radiologists. The signal intensity was recorded as isointense, hypointense, or hyperintense relative to muscle. The morphology of the ligament was classified as homogenous or striated. Descriptive statistics were obtained. RESULTS There were 8 men and 14 women with a mean age of 24.7 years (range 19-43 years). The ligaments were classified as hyperintense in 30/42 (70%) of ankles and isointense in 9/42 (21%) of ankles. A striated appearance was seen in 34/42 (80%) of ankles. CONCLUSION The posterior deep deltoid ligament is commonly hyperintense. It is usually striated although it can be homogeneously hyperintense. This appearance simulates a tear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel De Maeseneer
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Maryam Shahabpour
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leon Lenchik
- Department of Radiologic Sciences, Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven Provyn
- Department of Experimental Anatomy, VUB Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip De Ridder
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inneke Willekens
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Van Cauteren T, Van Gompel G, Nieboer KH, Willekens I, Evans P, Macholl S, Droogmans S, de Mey J, Buls N. Improved enhancement in CT angiography with reduced contrast media iodine concentrations at constant iodine dose. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17493. [PMID: 30504863 PMCID: PMC6269421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study objective is to investigate the impact of a wide range of contrast media (CM) iodine concentrations on CT enhancement at constant total iodine dose (TID) and iodine delivery rate (IDR). Seven injection protocols, based on different iodine concentrations ranging from 120 to 370 mg I/mL, were assessed on 4 minipigs at a constant TID of 320 mg I/kg and IDR of 0.64 g I/s. Dynamic images were acquired on a clinical 64-slice MDCT scanner for 120 s with the abdominal aorta, vena cava inferior and liver parenchyma in the field-of-view. Maximal enhancement, time-to-peak and peak width were assessed. The enhancement curve characteristics were correlated with CM iodine concentration. In particular, CM with lower iodine concentrations yielded a significant increased maximal enhancement and peak width compared to the standard-of-care concentrations: e.g. in the aorta, 245 HU maximal enhancement and 9.2 s peak width with the 320 mg I/mL iodine concentration increased to 291 HU and 16.1 s with 160 mg I/mL. When maintaining a constant TID and IDR, by compensating injection rate and volume, injection of a CM with reduced iodine concentration results in a diagnostically beneficial higher maximal enhancement and longer enhancement peak duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon Van Cauteren
- Departement of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gert Van Gompel
- Departement of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koenraad H Nieboer
- Departement of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inneke Willekens
- Departement of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Evans
- Departement of Imaging R&D, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England
| | - Sven Macholl
- Departement of Imaging R&D, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England
| | - Steven Droogmans
- Departement of Cardiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan de Mey
- Departement of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Buls
- Departement of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Willekens I, Vandecasteele SJ, Verhoeven K, De Geeter F. Bone scan findings in erythromelalgia. Hell J Nucl Med 2018; 21:151-152. [PMID: 30006649 DOI: 10.1967/s002449910807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of hyaluronic acid nanoshells has been proposed to encapsulate prodrugs and exploit the mechanisms of interactions between living cells, like endocytes or cancer cells and hyaluronic acid, which is a natural component of the extracellular matrix. In this review we describe the potential and the limits of this promising research trend and discuss the theoretical advantages of such an engineering approach. Is it a possible scalability to increase the efficacy and biodegradability of molecules like contrast media and radiotracers especially for neuroradiology and nuclear medicine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- Dept. of Radiology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Ruddershove 10, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium.
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9
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Van Thielen B, Willekens I, Van der Schicht A, Pestieau P, Verhelle F, Goossens P, Decoster R, Jacqmot O, Delperdange P, Busoni V, De Mol G, Buls N, Provyn S, Kichouh M, de Mey J, Murray R. Radiography of the distal extremity of the manus in the donkey foal: Normal images and quantitative characterization from birth to 2 years of age: A pilot study. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 47:71-83. [PMID: 29210097 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a radiographic survey of the anatomical development of the distal extremity of the manus in the donkey from 0 to 2 years of age. The right distal limb of 10 donkey foals, born in the spring of 2012, underwent radiographs every month for the first 6 months of age and every 3 months during the following 18 months. Latero-medial radiographs with and without barium marker at the coronary band and dorso-palmar radiographs with both front feet in weight bearing were obtained. The distal physis of the third metacarpal bone and the proximal physis of the proximal phalanx (phalanx proximalis) were closed at the mean age of 18.6 months. The distal physis of the proximal phalanx appeared as a clear radiolucent line at 2 weeks of age and was still subtly visible in some donkeys at 24 months. The proximal physis of the middle phalanx (phalanx media) was closed at the mean age of 16.7 months. The distal physis of this phalanx was visible at birth, but closed at 4 days. The distal phalanx (phalanx distalis) was triangular at birth. At the age of 20-21 months, the palmar processes (processus palmares) were both developed. The navicular bone (os sesamoideum distalis) was developed at the mean age of 9 months. The proximal sesamoid bones (ossa sesamoidea proximalia) were seen in continuously development during the 24 months. It seems that the physes in the distal extremity of the manus in the donkey close at an older age than the physes in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Van Thielen
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium.,Anatomical Research, Training and Education (ARTE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Willekens
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Van der Schicht
- Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium.,Service d'imagerie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinarie de l'Université de Liège, Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium
| | - P Pestieau
- Service d'imagerie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinarie de l'Université de Liège, Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium.,Naturane SA, Bastogne, Belgium
| | - F Verhelle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Goossens
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Decoster
- Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium.,Service d'imagerie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinarie de l'Université de Liège, Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium
| | - O Jacqmot
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Delperdange
- Naturane SA, Bastogne, Belgium.,Anatomical Research, Training and Education (ARTE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Busoni
- Service d'imagerie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinarie de l'Université de Liège, Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium.,Naturane SA, Bastogne, Belgium
| | - G De Mol
- Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium.,Service d'imagerie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinarie de l'Université de Liège, Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium
| | - N Buls
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Provyn
- Anatomical Research, Training and Education (ARTE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium.,Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, UK
| | - M Kichouh
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Odisee Brussel, Educational Department for Imaging Technologists, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J de Mey
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Murray
- Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, UK
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Jansen Y, Willekens I, Brussaard C, Neyns B. Whole-body MRI (WB MRI) including diffusion weighted (DW) imaging for the surveillance of melanoma patients at high risk for recurrence following surgery or systemic therapy. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21072 Background: Patients (pts) with locally advanced melanoma have a high risk of recurrence following complete surgical resection of macrometastases. Recent therapeutic progress has led to a growing number of stage IV pts achieving a durable complete remission (CR). For both populations no standards are established for surveillance with medical imaging. This prospective study explored the usefulness of surveillance by WB MRI for the early detection of melanoma recurrences. Methods: Pts with advanced melanoma (AJCC stages IIIb/-c or -IV) who were disease free following resection of macrometastases (cohort 1) and pts in CR following immunotherapy (cohort 2) were included. All pts underwent WB MRI, includingT1, Short Tau Inversion Recovery and DW imaging, Q4 mths the first 3 years of follow-up and Q6 mths in the following 2 years. Results: From Oct 2014 to Jan 2017, 43 pts were included (26 pts in cohort 1; 17 in cohort 2). 4 Pts were excluded (pacemaker [1pt], claustrophobia [1 pt], clinical recurrence before the first MRI [2 pt]). Mean follow-up was 103 wks (range 14–127). In total, 182 WB MRIs were performed (median number per pt: 4.5 [range 3-7]). A total of 16 pts were diagnosed with suspected lesions on WB MRI. Of these, 8 pts were diagnosed with melanoma recurrences (7 pts in cohort 1 and 1 pt in cohort 2). A total of 8 suspected lesions (8 Pts) identified on MRI (4 lymph node, 1 muscle, 1 bone, and 2 liver lesion) were considered to be of non-neoplastic origin based on additional diagnostic imaging and follow-up. No invasive procedures resulting in a false negative result were triggered by MRI. In 2 pts from cohort 2 a solitary subcutaneous metastasis was first detected by clinical examination (1 could be identified on MRI retrospectively, 1 was found in between MRIs). WB MRI was safe without any clinically meaningful ( > gr1) adverse event. Conclusions: Exploration of WB MRI for the surveillance of melanoma patients following resection of melanoma macrometastases or CR on systemic therapy indicates that it is a safe and sensitive imaging technique sparing patients cumulative exposure to x-rays and contrast media. Clinical trial information: NCT02907827.
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Van Thielen B, Murray R, Willekens I, de Mey J, Van den Broeck R, Busoni V. Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Anatomy of the Foal Foot From 0 to 7 Months. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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De Maeseneer M, Lenchik L, Buls N, Boulet C, Döring S, de Mey J, Willekens I. High-resolution CT of the sternoclavicular joint and first costochondral synchondrosis in asymptomatic individuals. Skeletal Radiol 2016; 45:1257-62. [PMID: 27357311 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-016-2414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess CT features of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) and first costochondral junction in asymptomatic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 66 patients transverse and coronal oblique high-resolution multiple detector CT images of the SCJ and first costochondral junction were obtained. Images were reviewed by consensus of two radiologists. Joint space width was measured at three levels, and osteophytes, geodes, and erosions were evaluated. Variants and degree of ossification were noted. Statistical analysis consisted of Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson's test, and paired sample t test. RESULTS There were 34 men and 32 women with a mean age of 60 years (age range, 17-98 years). The width of the joint spaces showed a normal distribution. There was no significant difference between the left and right sides. On coronal images the joint space was wider superiorly and on transverse images posteriorly. There was a trend toward decreasing joint space with age, although it did not reach significance (p > 0.05). Clavicular osteophytes were seen in 16 out of 66 patients (24 %) and sternal osteophytes in 16 out of 66 patients. Clavicular geodes were seen in 10 out of 66 patients (15 %) and sternal geodes in 14 out of 66 patients (14 %). No erosions were seen. Clefts of the first costochondral junction were seen in 31 out of 66 patients (47 %). CONCLUSION In asymptomatic patients, there is no significant asymmetry of the SCJ. The joint spaces did not significantly decrease with age, although such a trend could be observed. Pronounced joint space narrowing with large geodes and osteophytes was not seen. Clefts of the first costochondral junction are common and not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel De Maeseneer
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Leon Lenchik
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27103, USA
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cedric Boulet
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Seema Döring
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan de Mey
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inneke Willekens
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Cannie MM, De Keyzer F, Van Laere S, Leus A, de Mey J, Fourneau C, De Ridder F, Van Cauteren T, Willekens I, Jani JC. Potential Heating Effect in the Gravid Uterus by Using 3-T MR Imaging Protocols: Experimental Study in Miniature Pigs. Radiology 2016; 279:754-61. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015151258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke M Cannie
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Frederik De Keyzer
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Sigrid Van Laere
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Astrid Leus
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Johan de Mey
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Catherine Fourneau
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Filip De Ridder
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Toon Van Cauteren
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Inneke Willekens
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
| | - Jacques C Jani
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.M.C.), Fetopathology (C.F.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.C.J.), University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A. Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (F.D.K.); Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (M.M.C., A.L., J.d.M., F.D.R., T.V.C., I.W.); and Animalarium, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (S.V.L.)
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Van Thielen B, Pestieau P, Van Der Strieckt A, Willekens I, Busoni V, Verhelle F, Goossens P, Delperdange P, De Mol G, Jacqmot O, Buls N, Kichou M, de Mey J. Normal Radiographic Anatomy of the Donkey Foot from Birth to 2 Years of Age. Equine Vet J 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12486_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Van Thielen
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels; UZ Brussel
- Department of Radiology; UZ Brussel
| | - P. Pestieau
- Faculté de la Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Liège
| | | | - I. Willekens
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels; UZ Brussel
- Department of Radiology; UZ Brussel
| | - V. Busoni
- Faculté de la Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Liège
| | | | | | | | | | - O. Jacqmot
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels; UZ Brussel
- Department of Radiology; UZ Brussel
| | - N. Buls
- Department of Radiology; UZ Brussel
| | | | - J. de Mey
- MOVE - HIM (Morpho Veterinary & Human Imaging) Brussels; UZ Brussel
- Department of Radiology; UZ Brussel
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Willekens I, Kichouh M, Boulet C, De Maeseneer M, Clarys JP, de Mey J. Ultrasound follow-up of posttraumatic injuries of the sagittal band of the dorsal hood treated by a conservative approach. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:278-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Willekens I, Walgraeve N, Goethals L, De Geeter F. Correlative bone imaging in a case of Schnitzler's syndrome and brief review of the literature. Hell J Nucl Med 2015; 18:71-73. [PMID: 25840575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Schnitzler's syndrome is a rare disease characterized by a monoclonal IgM (or IgG) paraprotein, a nonpruritic urticarial skin rash, and 2 (or 3) of the following: recurrent fever, objective signs of abnormal bone remodeling, elevated CRP level or leukocytosis, and a neutrophilic infiltrate on skin biopsy. It responds well to treatment with the interleukine-1-inhibitor anakinra. We report the bone scintigraphy and MRI findings in a 45 years old man with this syndrome and compare them with data from the literature. CONCLUSION None of the imaging findings are specific, but they lead to a differential diagnosis including infiltrative diseases (e.g. systemic mastocytosis or Erdheim-Chester disease) and dysplastic diseases (e.g. melorheostosis, Camurati-Engelmann disease or van Buchem disease). The bone scintigraphy pattern may be very suggestive of the correct diagnosis and of bone involvement in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Algemeen Ziekenhuis, Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende Ruddershove 10, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium.
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Raeymaeckers S, De Coninck V, Willekens I, De Mey J. Splenic rupture, a rare complication following extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. Journal of Clinical Urology 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415814562856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - V De Coninck
- University Hospital Brussels, dep Radiology, Belgium
| | - I Willekens
- University Hospital Brussels, dep Radiology, Belgium
| | - J De Mey
- University Hospital Brussels, dep Radiology, Belgium
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Buls N, Van Gompel G, Van Cauteren T, Nieboer K, Willekens I, Verfaillie G, Evans P, Macholl S, Newton B, de Mey J. Contrast agent and radiation dose reduction in abdominal CT by a combination of low tube voltage and advanced image reconstruction algorithms. Eur Radiol 2014; 25:1023-31. [PMID: 25432293 PMCID: PMC4356892 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess image quality in abdominal CT at low tube voltage combined with two types of iterative reconstruction (IR) at four reduced contrast agent dose levels. METHODS Minipigs were scanned with standard 320 mg I/mL contrast concentration at 120 kVp, and with reduced formulations of 120, 170, 220 and 270 mg I/mL at 80 kVp with IR. Image quality was assessed by CT value, dose normalized contrast and signal to noise ratio (CNRD and SNRD) in the arterial and venous phases. Qualitative analysis was included by expert reading. RESULTS Protocols with 170 mg I/mL or higher showed equal or superior CT values: aorta (278-468 HU versus 314 HU); portal vein (205-273 HU versus 208 HU); liver parenchyma (122-146 HU versus 115 HU). In the aorta, all 170 mg I/mL protocols or higher yielded equal or superior CNRD (15.0-28.0 versus 13.7). In liver parenchyma, all study protocols resulted in higher SNRDs. Radiation dose could be reduced from standard CTDIvol = 7.8 mGy (6.2 mSv) to 7.6 mGy (5.2 mSv) with 170 mg I/mL. CONCLUSION Combining 80 kVp with IR allows at least a 47 % contrast agent dose reduction and 16 % radiation dose reduction for images of comparable quality. KEY POINTS • There is a balance between image quality, contrast dose and radiation dose. • Iterative reconstruction has a major, positive impact on this balance. • Both contrast dose and radiation dose can be reduced in abdominal CT. • The trade-off can be quantitatively described by a 3D model. • Contrast and radiation dose can be tailored according to specific safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium,
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Triest L, Mana F, Willekens I, Urbain D. Obstructive jaundice at the age of 24. Fasciola hepatica. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2014; 77:272-273. [PMID: 25090831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To evaluate the frequency of visualisation and measurements of the normal appendix. (2) To correlate Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender with visualisation of the normal appendix. (3) To correlate age, gender and body length with appendiceal length. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 186 patients undergoing abdominal CT without suspicion of acute appendicitis was done. Frequency of visualisation and measurements (including maximal outer diameter, wall thickness, length, content, location of base and tip) of normal appendices were recorded. RESULTS Prevalence of appendectomy was 34.4%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of visualisation of the normal appendix were 76%, 94%, 96%, 67%, and 82% respectively. The mean maximal diameter of the appendix was 8.19 mm±1.6 (SD) (range, 4.2-12.8 mm). The mean length of the appendix was 81.11 mm±28.44 (SD) (range, 7.2-158.8 mm). The mean wall thickness of the appendix was 2.22 mm±0.56 (SD) (range, 1.15-3.85 mm). The most common location of the appendiceal tip was pelvic in 66% appendices. The most common location of the appendiceal base was inferior, medial, and posterior in 37%. The normal appendix contained high-density material in 2.2%. There was a significant correlation between gender and appendiceal length, with men having longer appendices than women. CONCLUSION Most normal appendices are seen at multislice CT using i.v. contrast. The maximal outer diameter of the normal appendix overlaps with values currently used to diagnose appendicitis on CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Radiology - UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Peeters
- Department of Radiology, ASZ Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Johan de Mey
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Willekens I, Van de Casteele E, Buls N, Temmermans F, Jansen B, Deklerck R, de Mey J. High-resolution 3D micro-CT imaging of breast microcalcifications: a preliminary analysis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24393444 PMCID: PMC3893600 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of microcalcifications on mammograms indicates the presence of breast lesion, and the shapes of the microcalcifications as seen by conventional mammography correlates with the probability of malignancy. This preliminary study evaluated the 3D shape of breast microcalcifications using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and compared the findings with those obtained using anatomopathological analysis. METHODS The study analyzed breast biopsy samples from 11 women with findings of suspicious microcalcifications on routine mammograms. The samples were imaged using a micro-CT (SkyScan 1076) at a resolution of 35 μm. Images were reconstructed using filtered back-projection and analyzed in 3D using surface rendering. The samples were subsequently analyzed by the pathology service. Reconstructed 3D images were compared with the corresponding histological slices. RESULTS Anatomopathological analysis showed that 5 of 11 patients had ductal breast carcinoma in situ. One patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma.Individual object analysis was performed on 597 microcalcifications. Malignant microcalcifications tended to be thinner and to have a smaller volume and surface area, while their surface area-to-volume ratio was greater than that of benign microcalcifications. The structure model index values were the same for malignant and benign microcalcifications. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to use micro-CT for quantitative 3D analysis of microcalcifications. This high-resolution imaging technique will be valuable for gaining a greater understanding of the morphologic characteristics of malignant and benign microcalcifications. The presence of many small microcalcifications can be an indication of malignancy. For the larger microcalcifications, 3D parameters confirmed the more irregular shape of malignant microcalcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab (ICMI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Muller-Bierl BM, Tanaka K, Fierens Y, Buls N, van Cauteren T, Willekens I, van Laere S, de Mey J. Signal increase for dipiridamol induced stress on cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion in minipig. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014. [PMCID: PMC4044926 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-p75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Meng J, Willekens I, Cattrysse E, Vereecke E, Geers C, Van Cauteren T, de Mey J, De Maeseneer M. Bony palmar ridges of the phalanges of the human fingers. Surg Radiol Anat 2013; 36:587-93. [PMID: 24190676 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE On imaging studies, bony ridges can be seen at the palmar aspect of the phalanges of the fingers. Our purpose was to address the following: (1) which structures insert on to the ridges and what is the histological appearance? (2) Is there a difference between the different fingers? (3) Is there a correlation between the ridges and age? MATERIALS AND METHODS Two observers retrospectively evaluated 270 radiographs (135 men; 135 women; mean age 44 years), and 33 CT scans (22 men; 11 women; mean age 46 years). Three cadaveric hands were also studied. The ridges were graded using a 4-point scale. A Chi-square test was used to compare the different fingers (p < 0.05) and to study the prominence of the ridges in relation to age (p < 0.05). RESULTS On histology with routine stains the A2 pulley was inserted on the ridges of the proximal phalanx, and the flexor superficialis and A4 pulley on the ridges of the middle phalanx. On histology, the insertion showed a transition zone consisting of fibrocartilage. The prominence of the ridges was significantly different between fingers with III and IV categorized higher than II and III. There was a significant correlation with age for all fingers except for the middle phalanx of II and III. CONCLUSION The bony palmar ridges have characteristics of enthesophytes. They correspond to the insertion site of the A2 pulley, and the flexor superficialis tendon and A4 pulley, at the proximal and middle phalanx, respectively. The ridges become more prominent with age, and their prominence is different between the fingers with III and IV categorized higher than II and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Free University Brussels, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium
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Willekens I, Buls N, Maeseneer MD, Lahoutte T, de Mey J. Use of eXIA 160 XL for Contrast Studies in Micro–Computed Tomography: Experimental Observations. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2013.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- From In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Buls
- From In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel De Maeseneer
- From In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- From In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan de Mey
- From In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Willekens I, Buls N, De Maeseneer M, Lahoutte T, de Mey J. Use of eXIA 160 XL for contrast studies in micro-computed tomography: experimental observations. Mol Imaging 2013; 12:349-356. [PMID: 23981780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time course of contrast enhancement of spleen, liver, and blood using eXIA 160 XL in healthy mice. eXIA 160 XL was intravenously injected in C57bl/6 mice (n = 12) at a dose of 0.1 mL/20 g (16 mg iodine [I]/20 g) (n = 6) or 0.2 mL/20 g (32 mg I/20 g) (n = 6). The distribution was analyzed by repeated micro-computed tomographic scans up to 48 hours after contrast administration. Images were analyzed using Amide software. Regions of interest were drawn in the spleen, liver, and left ventricle. Contrast enhancement was measured and expressed as a function of time. Peak contrast enhancement of the spleen was reached at 30 minutes, and peak contrast enhancement of the liver occurred 45 minutes after 16 mg I/20 g. Given that this contrast was found to be rather low in the spleen in comparison with former eXIA 160 products, experiments were done at a higher dose. However, the 32 mg I/20 g dose was lethal for mice. Enhancement inside the heart lasts for 1 hour. Administration of eXIA 160 XL results in long-lasting blood pool contrast with higher contrast enhancement in heart and liver in comparison with eXIA 160; however, the administered dose should be limited to 16 mg I/20 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
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Jacqmot O, Van Thielen B, Fierens Y, Hammond M, Willekens I, Van Schuerbeek P, Verhelle F, Goossens P, De Ridder F, Clarys JP, Vanbinst A, De Mey J. Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter tracts in the dog brain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:340-9. [PMID: 23355519 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion weighted imaging sequences are now widely available on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of the brain is able to show white matter tracts and is now commonly used in human medicine to study brain anatomy, tumors, structural pathways,… The purpose of this study was to show the interest of DTI to reveal the white matter fibers in the dogs' brain. DTI MR Images for this study were obtained with a 3 T system of 4 dogs euthanized for other reasons than neurological disorders. Combined fractional anisotropic (FA) and directional maps were obtained in the first 2 hours after death. The heads were amputated immediately after scanning and stored in 10% formalin until preparation for dissection. An experienced anatomist tracked white matter tracts with clinical relevance using the scanner software. The selected tracts were REFVIDume rendered and correlated with gross dissection. Using DTI we were able to track relevant neurological connections, such as the corticospinal tract, the optic and the cerebellar tract. The three dimensional anatomy is better presented using modern visualization techniques. DTI seems to be a valuable tool in order to present clinically relevant white matter tracts to neurological clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Jacqmot
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Müller-Bierl B, Tanaka K, Buls N, Fierens Y, van Cauteren T, Willekens I, van Laere S, Luypaert R, de Mey J. 913Dual Bolus Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Cardiac Perfusion
Imaging: Comparison of Turbo FLASH and True FISP. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet070cn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Muller-Bierl BM, Tanaka K, Fierens Y, Buls N, van Cauteren T, Willekens I, Luypaert R, De Mey J. Comparing analysis methods in assessing dynamic dual bolus cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion flow. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3560071 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-w38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Willekens I, Buls N, Lahoutte T, Baeyens L, Vanhove C, Caveliers V, Deklerck R, Bossuyt A, de Mey J. Evaluation of the radiation dose in micro-CT with optimization of the scan protocol. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2011; 5:201-7. [PMID: 20665903 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Micro-CT provides non-invasive anatomic evaluation of small animals. Serial micro-CT measurements are, however, hampered by the severity of ionizing radiation doses cumulating over the total period of follow-up. The dose levels may be sufficient to influence experimental outcomes such as animal survival or tumor growth. AIM This study was designed to evaluate the radiation dose of micro-CT and to optimize the scanning protocol for longitudinal micro-CT scans. METHODS AND MATERIALS Normal C57Bl/6 mice were euthanized. Radiation exposure was measured using individually calibrated lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Thirteen TLDs were placed in the mice at the thyroid, lungs, liver, stomach, colon, bladder and near the spleen. Micro-CT (SkyScan 1178) was performed using two digital X-ray cameras which scanned over 180 degrees at a resolution of 83 microm, a rotation step of 1.08 degrees , 50 kV, 615 microA and 121 s image acquisition time. The TLDs were removed after each scan. CTDI(100) was measured with a 100 mm ionization chamber, centrally positioned in a 2.7 cm diameter water phantom, and rotation steps were increased to reduce both scan time and radiation dose. RESULTS Internal TLD analysis demonstrated median organ dose of 5.5 +/- 0.6 mGy per mA s, confirmed by CTDI(100) with result of 6.6 mGy per mA s. A rotation step of 2.16 resulted in qualitatively accurate images. At a resolution of 83 microm the scan time is reduced to 63 s with an estimated dose of 2.9 mGy per mA s. At 166 microm resolution, the scan time is limited to 27 s, with a concordant dose of 1.2 mGy per mA s. CONCLUSIONS The radiation dose of a standard micro-CT scan is relatively high and could influence the experimental outcome. We believe that the presented adaptation of the scan protocol allows for accurate imaging without the risk of interfering with the experimental outcome of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Eloot L, Buls N, Covens P, Willekens I, Lahoutte T, de Mey J. Quality control of micro-computed tomography systems. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2010; 139:463-467. [PMID: 20223850 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanners in preclinical small animal studies has created a need for a method on scanner performance evaluation and scan parameter optimisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the scanner with a dedicated micro-CT phantom. The phantom was developed with different independent sections that allow for measurement of major scanner characteristics such as uniformity, linearity, contrast response, dosimetry and resolution. The results of a thorough investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eloot
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Willekens I, Hoorens A, Geers C, Op de Beeck B, Vandenbroucke F, de Mey J. Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma presenting with radiological characteristics of focal nodular hyperplasia. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3940-3. [PMID: 19701977 PMCID: PMC2731259 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a rare tumor type containing unequivocal elements of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma that are intimately mixed. Although these tumors are usually considered to be more related to hepatocellular carcinoma than to cholangiocarcinoma, they sometimes, in contrast to hepatocellular carcinoma, contain a significant amount of fibrous stroma. This might in some cases explain atypical radiological features. We report a case of a cHCC-CC in a 47-year-old female that resembled focal nodular hyperplasia on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Correlation of imaging and serum levels of α-fetoprotein and CA19.9 can help to make the correct diagnosis preoperatively.
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Abstract
The imaging findings of amyloidosis are nonspecific and diverse due to its association with various chronic diseases such as multiple myeloma. We report a case of gastrointestinal amyloidosis presenting as enterocolitis on a contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen.
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Willekens I, Lahoutte T, Buls N, Vanhove C, Deklerck R, Bossuyt A, de Mey J. Time-course of contrast enhancement in spleen and liver with Exia 160, Fenestra LC, and VC. Mol Imaging Biol 2008; 11:128-35. [PMID: 19067081 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-008-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the time-course of contrast-enhancement in spleen and liver using Exia 160 in comparison with Fenestra LC and VC in healthy mice. PROCEDURES Healthy C57bl/6 mice were used in this study. Fenestra LC and VC was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.1 ml/20 g or 0.2 ml/20 g. Exia 160 at a dose of 0.05 ml/20 g or 0.1 ml/20 g. Each animal underwent a micro-CT scan before contrast injection (baseline) and immediately after contrast injection. Additional scans were performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 h after contrast administration. The mice who received Exia 160 were also scanned after 15, 30, and 45 min. RESULTS The peak enhancement of Exia 160 occurred after 15 min for the spleen and after 30 min for the liver. CONCLUSIONS Exia 160 allows rapid spleen and liver enhancement. The high iodine content results in small injection volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Willekens
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging-ICMI, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Willekens I, Vandenbroucke F, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Hoorens A, de Mey J. Ileocolic invagination as a complication of a cecal adenocarcinoma. J Radiol Case Rep 2008; 2:29-32. [PMID: 22470608 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v2i5.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ileocolic invagination in the adult may be caused by adenocarcinoma and lead to intestinal obstruction. We report a case of a cecal adenocarcinoma that was complicated by an ileocolic invagination in a 38 year old female, diagnosed on a contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and highlights the importance of contrast enhanced CT for diagnosis of ileocolic invagination.
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