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Kelly B, Vandevijvere S, Ng S, Adams J, Allemandi L, Bahena‐Espina L, Barquera S, Boyland E, Calleja P, Carmona‐Garcés IC, Castronuovo L, Cauchi D, Correa T, Corvalán C, Cosenza‐Quintana EL, Fernández‐Escobar C, González‐Zapata LI, Halford J, Jaichuen N, Jensen ML, Karupaiah T, Kaur A, Kroker‐Lobos MF, Mchiza Z, Miklavec K, Parker W, Potvin Kent M, Pravst I, Ramírez‐Zea M, Reiff S, Reyes M, Royo‐Bordonada MÁ, Rueangsom P, Scarborough P, Tiscornia MV, Tolentino‐Mayo L, Wate J, White M, Zamora‐Corrales I, Zeng L, Swinburn B. Global benchmarking of children's exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages across 22 countries. Obes Rev 2019; 20 Suppl 2:116-128. [PMID: 30977265 PMCID: PMC6988129 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty-two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not-permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average, there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not be permitted than for permitted foods/beverages. The frequency of food/beverages advertisements that should not be permitted per hour was higher during peak viewing times compared with other times (P < 0.001). During peak viewing times, food and beverage advertisements that should not be permitted were higher in countries with industry self-regulatory programmes for responsible advertising compared with countries with no policies. Globally, children are exposed to a large volume of television advertisements for unhealthy foods and beverages, despite the implementation of food industry programmes. Governments should enact regulation to protect children from television advertising of unhealthy products that undermine their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Kelly
- Early Start, School of Health and SocietyUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - SeeHoe Ng
- Faculty of Health SciencesNational University of MalaysiaBangiMalaysia
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Lorena Allemandi
- Fundación InterAmericana del Corazón–Argentina (FIC Argentina)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Liliana Bahena‐Espina
- Nutrition and Health Research Center (CINyS)Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP)CuernavacaMexico
| | - Simon Barquera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center (CINyS)Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP)CuernavacaMexico
| | - Emma Boyland
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Paul Calleja
- Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST)PaolaMalta
| | - Isabel Cristina Carmona‐Garcés
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Health Education and Nutrition Education Interdisciplinary Research Group (GIIESEN)MedellínColombia
| | - Luciana Castronuovo
- Fundación InterAmericana del Corazón–Argentina (FIC Argentina)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Daniel Cauchi
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
| | - Teresa Correa
- School of CommunicationDiego Portales UniversitySantiagoChile
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA)University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Emma Lucia Cosenza‐Quintana
- INCAP Research Center for Prevention of Chronic DiseasesInstitute of Nutrition of Central America and PanamaGuatemala CityGuatemala
| | | | - Laura I. González‐Zapata
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Social and Economic Determinants of Health and Nutrition Research GroupMedellínColombia
| | - Jason Halford
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Nongnuch Jaichuen
- International Health Policy ProgramMinistry of Public HealthNonthaburiThailand
| | | | - Tilakavati Karupaiah
- Faculty of Health SciencesNational University of MalaysiaBangiMalaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesTaylor's UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
| | - Asha Kaur
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non‐communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - María F. Kroker‐Lobos
- INCAP Research Center for Prevention of Chronic DiseasesInstitute of Nutrition of Central America and PanamaGuatemala CityGuatemala
| | - Zandile Mchiza
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health SciencesUniversity of the Western CapeBellvilleSouth Africa
| | | | - Whadi‐ah Parker
- Population Health, Health Systems and InnovationsHuman Science Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Manuel Ramírez‐Zea
- INCAP Research Center for Prevention of Chronic DiseasesInstitute of Nutrition of Central America and PanamaGuatemala CityGuatemala
| | - Sascha Reiff
- Department for Policy in HealthMinistry for HealthVallettaMalta
| | - Marcela Reyes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA)University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | | | - Peter Scarborough
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Centre on Population Approaches for Non‐communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Lizbeth Tolentino‐Mayo
- Nutrition and Health Research Center (CINyS)Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP)CuernavacaMexico
| | - Jillian Wate
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non‐communicable DiseasesFiji National UniversitySuvaFiji
| | - Martin White
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Irina Zamora‐Corrales
- INCAP Research Center for Prevention of Chronic DiseasesInstitute of Nutrition of Central America and PanamaGuatemala CityGuatemala
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Costa RicaSan PedroCosta Rica
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- School of Public HealthXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anPR China
| | - Boyd Swinburn
- School of Population HealthUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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