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Bendele AM, Neelagiri M, Neelagiri V, Sucholeiki I. Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113666. [PMID: 34245949 PMCID: PMC8511113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder that causes damage to the cartilage and surrounding tissues and is characterized by pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Current treatments for OA primarily involve providing only relief of symptoms but does not affect the overall trajectory of the disease. A major goal for treating OA has been to slow down or reverse disease progression. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is expressed by chondrocytes and synovial cells in human OA and is thought to play a critical role in cartilage destruction. Herein we report a new, allosteric MMP-13 inhibitor, AQU-019, that has been optimized for potency, metabolic stability, and oral bioavailability through a combination of structure activity relationship (SAR) and deuterium substitution as a potential disease modifying OA drug (DMOAD). The inhibitor was demonstrated to be chondroprotective when injected intraarticular (IA) in the monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) rat model of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bendele
- BolderBioPath, Inc., 5541 Central Avenue, Suite 160, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Madhavi Neelagiri
- Aquilus Pharmaceuticals Inc., 400 West Cummings Park, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Venugopal Neelagiri
- Aquilus Pharmaceuticals Inc., 400 West Cummings Park, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Irving Sucholeiki
- Aquilus Pharmaceuticals Inc., 400 West Cummings Park, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA.
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Kwan MY, Choo A, Hanania T, Ghavami A, Beltran J, Shea J, Barboza A, Hu A, Fowler M, Neelagiri VR, Sucholeiki I. Biomarker Analysis of Orally Dosed, Dual Active, Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 Inhibitor, AQU-118, in the Spinal Nerve Ligation (SNL) Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040811. [PMID: 30769782 PMCID: PMC6412460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet medical need for the development of non-addicting pain therapeutics with enhanced efficacy and tolerability. The current study examined the effects of AQU-118, an orally active inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat model of neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia and the levels of various biomarkers were examined within the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) before and after oral dosing with AQU-118. The rats that received the SNL surgery exhibited significant mechanical allodynia as compared to sham controls. Animals received either vehicle, positive control (gabapentin), or AQU-118. After SNL surgery, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of those rats dosed with vehicle had elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels for MMP-2, IL1-β & IL-6 and elevated protein levels for caspase-3 while exhibiting decreased protein levels for myelin basic protein (MBP) & active IL-β as compared to sham controls. Rats orally dosed with AQU-118 exhibited significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and decreased levels of caspase-3 in the DRG as compared to vehicle controls. Results demonstrate that oral dosing with the dual active, MMP-2/-9 inhibitor, AQU-118, attenuated mechanical allodynia while at the same time significantly reduced the levels of caspase-3 in the DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yee Kwan
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Anthony Choo
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Taleen Hanania
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Afshin Ghavami
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Jose Beltran
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - John Shea
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Amidi Barboza
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Andrew Hu
- PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Marcie Fowler
- United States Army of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | | | - Irving Sucholeiki
- Aquilus Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3H Gill Street, Suite 300, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
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Henry MA, Fairchild DD, Patil MJ, Hanania T, Hain HS, Davis SF, Malekiani SA, Hu A, Sucholeiki R, Nix D, Sucholeiki I. Effect of a Novel, Orally Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Inhibitor in Spinal and Trigeminal Rat Models of Neuropathic Pain. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2016; 29:286-96. [PMID: 26244437 DOI: 10.11607/ofph.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effects of a novel matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 inhibitor, AQU-118, on mechanical allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain and the chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-IoN) model of neuropathic orofacial pain. METHODS Five groups of SNL rats were given daily oral doses of AQU-118 (5, 10, 20 mg/kg), gabapentin (100 mg/kg), or vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose) and then paw withdrawal threshold was measured with von Frey filaments (VF). Three groups of CCI-IoN rats were given daily oral doses of either AQU-118 (40 mg/kg), gabapentin (100 mg/kg), or vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose) and then mechanical allodynia was measured with facial VF and non-reflex-based orofacial stimulation test (OFST) assay. Naïve rats were also tested for the effect of AQU-118 (40 mg/kg) on basal sensitivity to mechanical stimulation/locomotive activity. RESULTS Mechanical allodynia in SNL rats was attenuated by gabapentin (100 mg/kg) and AQU-118 (in a dose-dependent manner). Mechanical allodynia in CCI-IoN rats was also attenuated (in an equipotent manner) by both AQU-118 (40 mg/ kg) and gabapentin (100 mg/kg) as measured by both facial VF and OFST assay. Upon cessation of either AQU-118 or gabapentin, VF-related responses in both models and OFST assay times reverted to levels observed in vehicle-treated rats. No statistically significant change was observed in locomotive activity/paw withdrawal threshold by AQU-118 (40 mg/kg) in naïve rats. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that oral AQU-118 attenuates mechanical allodynia in both neuropathic pain models and with efficacies that mirror gabapentin at the 40 mg/kg dose used in the CCI-IoN model but without effect on basal sensitivity to mechanical stimulation/locomotive activity. These findings support a possible role for MMP-2/-9 in the etiology of neuropathic pain and also suggest that inhibition strategies represent a viable treatment option.
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Baragi VM, Becher G, Bendele AM, Biesinger R, Bluhm H, Boer J, Deng H, Dodd R, Essers M, Feuerstein T, Gallagher BM, Gege C, Hochgürtel M, Hofmann M, Jaworski A, Jin L, Kiely A, Korniski B, Kroth H, Nix D, Nolte B, Piecha D, Powers TS, Richter F, Schneider M, Steeneck C, Sucholeiki I, Taveras A, Timmermann A, Van Veldhuizen J, Weik J, Wu X, Xia B. A new class of potent matrix metalloproteinase 13 inhibitors for potential treatment of osteoarthritis: Evidence of histologic and clinical efficacy without musculoskeletal toxicity in rat models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2008-18. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sucholeiki I, Toledo-Sherman LM, Hosfield CM, Boutilier K, DeSouza LV, Stover DR. Novel magnetic supports for small molecule affinity capture of proteins for use in proteomics. Mol Divers 2004; 8:9-19. [PMID: 14964784 DOI: 10.1023/b:modi.0000006780.36844.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic supports are tested for use in batch affinity capture of proteins. Two types of magnetic polymer composites were used for solid phase synthesis and for the batch affinity chromatography of folate binding protein from a protein mixture. Gly-Gly-L-Methotrexate as well as other analogs were synthesized on magnetic supports consisting of either polyoxyalkyleneamine grafted onto polystyrene beads or a copolymer of polyethylene glycol dimethylacrylamide (PEGA). Both supports incorporated within their matrix sub-micron particles of paramagnetic magnetite. The peptide-methotrexate analogs were attached to the magnetic supports via a photocleavable linker. The bound methotrexate-peptide analogs were equilibrated with a protein mixture consisting of bovine albumin, chicken albumin, folate binding protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase precursor in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then after magnetically separating and washing the supports of any unbound components the bound protein was removed either through the photocleavage of the tethered methotrexate-peptide ligand or via exchange with soluble methotrexate. In all cases, the photocleavage or exchange with soluble methotrexate released folate binding protein as the major affinity captured protein. Of the two magnetic supports tested, the PEGA based support was found to be superior to the polyoxyalkyleneamine grafted polystyrene support and comparable to beaded agarose in releasing bound folate binding protein. Of the two methods for removing bound protein, photocleavage of the covalently attached ligand was found to release exclusively folate binding protein as opposed to exchange with soluble methotrexate which released residual amounts of the non-specifically bound proteins bovine and chicken albumin, in addition to folate binding protein. Thus, use of the PEGA based magnetic support in conjunction with a photocleavable linker should help facilitate the automation of multiple parallel affinity chromatography for proteomics applications.
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Sucholeiki I, Lynch V, Phan L, Wilcox CS. Chemistry of synthetic receptors and functional group arrays. 7. Molecular armatures. Synthesis and structure of Troeger's base analogs derived from 4-, 2,4-, 3,4-, and 2,4,5-substituted aniline derivatives. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00236a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sucholeiki I, Perez J, Owens PD. New polyoxyalkyleneamine-grafted paramagnetic supports for solid-phase synthesis and bioapplications. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Perez JM, Wilhelm EJ, Sucholeiki I. The use of power ultrasound coupled with magnetic separation for the solid phase synthesis of compound libraries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:171-4. [PMID: 10673104 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced reaction rates are observed when power ultrasound is utilized as a substitute for mixing during solid phase organic chemical reactions on a paramagnetic support. Power ultrasound is also used to facilitate the washing of the paramagnetic support as it is magnetically separated from the reaction mixture. Selective examples from a library targeting the kappa-opioid receptor are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Perez
- Solid Phase Sciences Corporation, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Abstract
Developments in solid phase synthesis supports for the end of 1996 and much of 1997 are reviewed. Issues regarding support induced impurities and enhancing solid phase reaction rates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sucholeiki
- Solid Phase Sciences Corporation, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Sucholeiki I, Pavia MR, Kresge CT, McCullen SB, Malek A, Schramm S. Use of silica gels and mesoporous molecular sieves as supports for the solid-phase Claisen rearrangement. Mol Divers 1998; 3:161-71. [PMID: 9680647 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009687028242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of silica gels and mesoporous molecular sieves differing in both the range of particle size and mean pore size were derivatized with the p-[R,S-alpha-[1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-methoxyformamido]-2,4-di methoxybenzyl]- phenoxyacetic acid linker and their loading capacities were measured. Loading capacities ranging between 0.4-0.6 mmol Fmoc/g were achieved. Several of these silica based materials were derivatized with the hydroxymethyl benzoic acid linker and used as supports for the solid phase Claisen rearrangement of a support bound phenyl allyl ether. Both the silica gel and mesoporous supports were heated at 225 degrees C for 3 h to effect the Claisen rearrangement. The results showed that, compared to the same reaction run homogeneously, the silica gel support achieved similar total product yields and ratios for two Claisen products. The mesoporous supports were found to selectively produce one of the Claisen products over the other. Analysis shows that the molecules bound to the mesoporous support are physically further separated from each other as compared to those bound to the silica gel support. A mechanism is presented which accounts for the selectivity of the mesoporous support in forming one Claisen product over the other. The Claisen product was further derivatized to the resulting phenyl ethyl either through a solid phase Mitsunobu reaction on the mesoporous support.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sucholeiki
- Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Pavia MR, Cohen MP, Dilley GJ, Dubuc GR, Durgin TL, Forman FW, Hediger ME, Milot G, Powers TS, Sucholeiki I, Zhou S, Hangauer DG. The design and synthesis of substituted biphenyl libraries. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:659-66. [PMID: 8804530 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel scaffold system for the generation of diversity libraries has been designed which allows for rapid modification not only of functional groups, but their spatial arrangements as well. The biphenyl scaffold allows for display of three or four diverse functional groups in a wide variety of spatial arrangements depending on the substitution pattern selected. The libraries are generated by a combination of solution and solid-phase chemistries and are cleaved off the solid-support for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Pavia
- Sphinx Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
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