1
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Trentino KM, Lloyd A, Swain SG, Trentino L, Gross I. Data and Metrics for Patient Blood Management: A Narrative Review and Practical Guide. Anesth Analg 2023:00000539-990000000-00615. [PMID: 37553085 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Data collection, analysis, and reporting are fundamental for a successful hospital-based patient blood management program; however, very little has been published on the topic. Our aim was to synthesize evidence from a literature review to provide a detailed, practical list of outcome metrics, and the required data collection(s) to inform implementation. Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed were searched for any full-text original research articles published from inception to the year 2020. We included any studies reporting the implementation of interventions or programs study authors defined as "patient blood management" and extracted information on data collected and metrics reported. We included 45 studies describing the implementation of a patient blood management program and/or strategies. The outcomes reported by these studies were grouped into 1 of 36 metrics. We compiled a list of 65 relevant data elements to collect, and their potential source hospital information systems: patient administration, laboratory, transfusion/blood bank, operating room, pharmacy, emergency department, and intensive care unit. We further categorized patient blood management data systems into basic, intermediate, and advanced based on the combination of different information systems sourced. The results of this review can be used to inform patient blood management programs in planning what data collection(s) are needed, where these data can be sourced from, and how they can be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Trentino
- From the Data and Digital Innovation, East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Lloyd
- From the Data and Digital Innovation, East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Laura Trentino
- Data Analysis and Research, Datum Statista, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Irwin Gross
- Department of Medicine, Emeritus, Northern Light Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine
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2
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Venkatasamy A, Guerin E, Reichardt W, Devignot V, Chenard MP, Miguet L, Romain B, Jung AC, Gross I, Gaiddon C, Mellitzer G. Morpho-functional analysis of patient-derived xenografts reveals differential impact of gastric cancer and chemotherapy on the tumor ecosystem, affecting immune check point, metabolism, and sarcopenia. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:220-233. [PMID: 36536236 PMCID: PMC9950243 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive disease due to late diagnosis resulting from the lack of easy diagnostic tools, resistances toward immunotherapy (due to low PD-L1 expression), or chemotherapies (due to p53 mutations), and comorbidity factors, notably muscle atrophy. To improve our understanding of this complex pathology, we established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and characterized the tumor ecosystem using a morpho-functional approach combining high-resolution imaging with molecular analyses, regarding the expression of relevant therapeutic biomarkers and the presence of muscle atrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS GC tissues samples were implanted in nude mice. Established PDX, treated with cisplatin or not, were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and analyzed for the expression of relevant biomarkers (p53, PD-L1, PD-1, HER-2, CDX2, CAIX, CD31, a-SAM) and by transcriptomics. RESULTS Three well-differentiated, one moderately and one poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were established. All retained the architectural and histological features of their primary tumors. MRI allowed in-real-time evaluation of differences between PDX, in terms of substructure, post-therapeutic changes, and muscle atrophy. Immunohistochemistry showed differential expression of p53, HER-2, CDX2, a-SAM, PD-L1, PD-1, CAIX, and CD31 between models and upon cisplatin treatment. Transcriptomics revealed treatment-induced hypoxia and metabolic reprograming in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our PDX models are representative for the heterogeneity and complexity of human tumors, with differences in structure, histology, muscle atrophy, and the different biomarkers making them valuable for the analyses of the impact of platinum drugs or new therapies on the tumor and its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Venkatasamy
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Medizin Physik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Kilianstr. 5a, 70106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Guerin
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - W Reichardt
- Medizin Physik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Kilianstr. 5a, 70106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Devignot
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - M P Chenard
- Pathology Department, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - L Miguet
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Romain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Digestive Surgery Department, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - A C Jung
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - I Gross
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Gaiddon
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - G Mellitzer
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Hofmann A, Shander A, Blumberg N, Hamdorf JM, Isbister JP, Gross I. Patient Blood Management: Improving Outcomes for Millions While Saving Billions. What Is Holding It Up? Anesth Analg 2022; 135:511-523. [PMID: 35977361 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Patient blood management (PBM) offers significantly improved outcomes for almost all medical and surgical patient populations, pregnant women, and individuals with micronutrient deficiencies, anemia, or bleeding. It holds enormous financial benefits for hospitals and payers, improves performance of health care providers, and supports public authorities to improve population health. Despite this extraordinary combination of benefits, PBM has hardly been noticed in the world of health care. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for its 194 member states, in its recent Policy Brief, to act quickly and decidedly to adopt national PBM policies. To further support the WHO's call to action, this article addresses 3 aspects in more detail. The first is the urgency from a health economic perspective. For many years, growth in health care spending has outpaced overall economic growth, particularly in aging societies. Due to competing economic needs, the continuation of disproportionate growth in health care spending is unsustainable. Therefore, the imperative for health care leaders and policy makers is not only to curb the current spending rate relative to the gross domestic product (GDP) but also to simultaneously improve productivity, quality, safety of patient care, and the health status of populations. Second, while PBM meets these requirements on an exceptional scale, uptake remains slow. Thus, it is vital to identify and understand the impediments to broad implementation. This includes systemic challenges such as the so-called "waste domains" of failure of care delivery caused by malfunctions of health care systems, failure of care coordination, overtreatment, and low-value care. Other impediments more specific to PBM are the misperception of PBM and deeply rooted cultural patterns. Third, understanding how the 3Es-evidence, economics, and ethics-can effectively be used to motivate relevant stakeholders to take on their respective roles and responsibilities and follow the urgent call to implement PBM as a standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hofmann
- From the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aryeh Shander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Health, Englewood, New Jersey.,College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Neil Blumberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jeffrey M Hamdorf
- From the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James P Isbister
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Irwin Gross
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hofmann
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matti Aapro
- Genolier Cancer Centre, Clinique de Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Donat R Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Shander A, Goobie SM, Warner MA, Aapro M, Bisbe E, Perez-Calatayud AA, Callum J, Cushing MM, Dyer WB, Erhard J, Faraoni D, Farmer S, Fedorova T, Frank SM, Froessler B, Gombotz H, Gross I, Guinn NR, Haas T, Hamdorf J, Isbister JP, Javidroozi M, Ji H, Kim YW, Kor DJ, Kurz J, Lasocki S, Leahy MF, Lee CK, Lee JJ, Louw V, Meier J, Mezzacasa A, Munoz M, Ozawa S, Pavesi M, Shander N, Spahn DR, Spiess BD, Thomson J, Trentino K, Zenger C, Hofmann A. Essential Role of Patient Blood Management in a Pandemic: A Call for Action. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:74-85. [PMID: 32243296 PMCID: PMC7173035 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Global health care now faces unprecedented challenges with widespread and rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and high morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 worldwide. Across the world, medical care is hampered by a critical shortage of not only hand sanitizers, personal protective equipment, ventilators, and hospital beds, but also impediments to the blood supply. Blood donation centers in many areas around the globe have mostly closed. Donors, practicing social distancing, some either with illness or undergoing self-quarantine, are quickly diminishing. Drastic public health initiatives have focused on containment and "flattening the curve" while invaluable resources are being depleted. In some countries, the point has been reached at which the demand for such resources, including donor blood, outstrips the supply. Questions as to the safety of blood persist. Although it does not appear very likely that the virus can be transmitted through allogeneic blood transfusion, this still remains to be fully determined. As options dwindle, we must enact regional and national shortage plans worldwide and more vitally disseminate the knowledge of and immediately implement patient blood management (PBM). PBM is an evidence-based bundle of care to optimize medical and surgical patient outcomes by clinically managing and preserving a patient's own blood. This multinational and diverse group of authors issue this "Call to Action" underscoring "The Essential Role of Patient Blood Management in the Management of Pandemics" and urging all stakeholders and providers to implement the practical and commonsense principles of PBM and its multiprofessional and multimodality approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Shander
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Health, Englewood, New Jersey
| | - Susan M Goobie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew A Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matti Aapro
- Cancer Center Clinique Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Elvira Bisbe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel A Perez-Calatayud
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital General de Mexico Dr Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeannie Callum
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa M Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Wayne B Dyer
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jochen Erhard
- Department of Surgery, Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein, Duisburg, Germany
| | - David Faraoni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Farmer
- Medical School, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Health Sciences and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tatyana Fedorova
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Transfusiology of the National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Acad. V. I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Steven M Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bernd Froessler
- Department of Anesthesia, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hans Gombotz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, General Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Irwin Gross
- Northern Light Health, Brewer, Maine.,Accumen, Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Nicole R Guinn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thorsten Haas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Hamdorf
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia Patient Blood Management Group, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James P Isbister
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mazyar Javidroozi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Health, Englewood, New Jersey
| | - Hongwen Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Transfusion Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy and Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Daryl J Kor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Johann Kurz
- Austrian Federal Ministry of Health, Vienna, Austria.,Department Applied Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigismond Lasocki
- Département Anesthésie-Réanimation, Anesthésie Samu Urgences Réanimation, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Michael F Leahy
- Department of Haematology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cheuk-Kwong Lee
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vernon Louw
- Division Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jens Meier
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Manuel Munoz
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sherri Ozawa
- Patient Blood Management, Englewood Health, Englewood, New Jersey
| | - Marco Pavesi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Nina Shander
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina
| | - Donat R Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce D Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jackie Thomson
- South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kevin Trentino
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Data and Digital Innovation, East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christoph Zenger
- Center for Health Law and Management, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Axel Hofmann
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Health Sciences and Graduate Studies, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Israel S, Harpaz K, Radvogin E, Schwartz C, Gross I, Mazeh H, Cohen MJ, Benenson S. Dramatically improved hand hygiene performance rates at time of coronavirus pandemic. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1566-1568. [PMID: 32526277 PMCID: PMC7831641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - K Harpaz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Radvogin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - C Schwartz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Gross
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Mazeh
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M J Cohen
- Clalit Health Services, Associated with the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Benenson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
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7
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Chauleau JY, Chirac T, Fusil S, Garcia V, Akhtar W, Tranchida J, Thibaudeau P, Gross I, Blouzon C, Finco A, Bibes M, Dkhil B, Khalyavin DD, Manuel P, Jacques V, Jaouen N, Viret M. Author Correction: Electric and antiferromagnetic chiral textures at multiferroic domain walls. Nat Mater 2020; 19:576. [PMID: 31719690 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Chauleau
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Chirac
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - V Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - W Akhtar
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - J Tranchida
- CEA - DAM le Ripault, Monts, France
- Multiscale Science Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - I Gross
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - C Blouzon
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Finco
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - B Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - D D Khalyavin
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - P Manuel
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - V Jacques
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - N Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Viret
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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8
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Chauleau JY, Chirac T, Fusil S, Garcia V, Akhtar W, Tranchida J, Thibaudeau P, Gross I, Blouzon C, Finco A, Bibes M, Dkhil B, Khalyavin DD, Manuel P, Jacques V, Jaouen N, Viret M. Electric and antiferromagnetic chiral textures at multiferroic domain walls. Nat Mater 2020; 19:386-390. [PMID: 31685944 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality, a foundational concept throughout science, may arise at ferromagnetic domain walls1 and in related objects such as skyrmions2. However, chiral textures should also exist in other types of ferroic materials, such as antiferromagnets, for which theory predicts that they should move faster for lower power3, and ferroelectrics, where they should be extremely small and possess unusual topologies4,5. Here, we report the concomitant observation of antiferromagnetic and electric chiral textures at domain walls in the room-temperature ferroelectric antiferromagnet BiFeO3. Combining reciprocal and real-space characterization techniques, we reveal the presence of periodic chiral antiferromagnetic objects along the domain walls as well as a priori energetically unfavourable chiral ferroelectric domain walls. We discuss the mechanisms underlying their formation and their relevance for electrically controlled topological oxide electronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Chauleau
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Chirac
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - V Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - W Akhtar
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - J Tranchida
- CEA - DAM le Ripault, Monts, France
- Multiscale Science Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - I Gross
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - C Blouzon
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Finco
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - B Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - D D Khalyavin
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - P Manuel
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - V Jacques
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - N Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Viret
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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9
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Derzon JH, Clarke N, Alford A, Gross I, Shander A, Thurer R. Restrictive Transfusion Strategy and Clinical Decision Support Practices for Reducing RBC Transfusion Overuse. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:544-557. [PMID: 31305890 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess support for the effectiveness of two separate practices, restrictive transfusion strategy and computerized physician order entry/clinical decision support (CPOE/CDS) tools, in decreasing RBC transfusions in adult surgical and nonsurgical patients. METHODS Following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Laboratory Medicine Best Practice (LMBP) Systematic Review (A-6) method, studies were assessed for quality and evidence of effectiveness in reducing the percentage of patients transfused and/or units of blood transfused. RESULTS Twenty-five studies on restrictive transfusion practice and seven studies on CPOE/CDS practice met LMBP inclusion criteria. The overall strength of the body of evidence of effectiveness for restrictive transfusion strategy and CPOE/CDS was rated as high. CONCLUSIONS Based on these procedures, adherence to an institutional restrictive transfusion strategy and use of CPOE/CDS tools for hemoglobin alerts or reminders of the institution's restrictive transfusion policies are effective in reducing RBC transfusion overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Alford
- National Network of Public Health Institutes, Washington, DC
| | | | - Aryeh Shander
- Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ
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Derzon JH, Clarke N, Alford A, Gross I, Shander A, Thurer R. Reducing red blood cell transfusion in orthopedic and cardiac surgeries with Antifibrinolytics: A laboratory medicine best practice systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2019; 71:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shander A, Gross I. Rashomon Effect and the Contradiction of Data, Practice, and Regulations. Anesth Analg 2019; 127:325-328. [PMID: 30028381 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Shander
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey.,TeamHealth Research Institute, Englewood, New Jersey
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Goobie SM, Gallagher T, Gross I, Shander A. Society for the advancement of blood management administrative and clinical standards for patient blood management programs. 4th edition (pediatric version). Paediatr Anaesth 2019; 29:231-236. [PMID: 30609198 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient Blood Management is the timely application of evidence-based medical and surgical concepts designed to maintain hemoglobin concentration, optimize hemostasis, and minimize blood loss to improve patient outcomes. Conceptually similar to a "bundle" strategy, it is designed to improve clinical care using comprehensive evidence-based treatment strategies to manage patients with potential or ongoing critical bleeding, bleeding diathesis, critical anemia, and/ or a coagulopathy. Patient Blood Management includes multimodal strategies to screen, diagnose and properly treat anemia, coagulopathies and minimize bleeding, using goal-directed therapy and leverages a patient's physiologic ability to adapt to anemia while definitive treatment is undertaken. Allogeneic blood component transfusion is one traditional therapeutic modality out of many for managing blood loss and anemia and, while it may be the best choice in certain situations, other effective and more appropriate options are available and should be used in conjunction or alone. Therefore, comprehensive Patient Blood Management is the new standard of care to prevent and manage anemia and optimize hemostasis and has been recommended by the World Health Organization, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, the European Society of Anaesthesiology and the Australian National Blood Authority. While there is a plethora of expert consensus and good practice guidelines published for blood component transfusion from multiple professional organizations and societies, there remains a need for more comprehensive and broader standards of patient medical management to proactively reduce the risk of exposure to allogeneic transfusions. In 2010, the Society for Advancement of Blood Management published the first comprehensive standards to address the administrative and clinical components of an effective, patient-centered Patient Blood Management program. Recognizing the need to reduce inappropriate transfusions, some professional organizations have placed their emphasis on transfusion guidelines. In contrast, the focus of the Society for Advancement of Blood Management Standard is on the centrality of the patient and the full spectrum of therapeutic strategies needed to improve clinical outcomes in patients at risk for blood loss or anemia, thereby reducing avoidable transfusions as well. The Standards are meant not to replace, but to complement transfusion guidelines by more completely addressing the need for a multi-modal clinical approach with the goal to improve patient outcomes. Compared to adult programs, Pediatric Patient Blood Management programs are currently not commonly accepted as standard of care for pediatric patients. This is partly due to the fact that, until recently, there was a paucity of robust evidence-based literature and expert consensus guidelines on pediatric PBM. Managing pediatric bleeding and blood product transfusion presents a unique set of challenges. The main goal of transfusion is to correct or avoid imminent inadequate oxygen carrying capacity caused by inadequate red blood cell mass. Determining when, what, and how much to transfuse can be difficult. Neonates, infants, children, and adolescents each have specific considerations based on age, weight, physiology, and pharmacology. In this edition of Pediatric Anaesthesia we provide, in abbreviated format, the 4th edition of the Administrative and Clinical Standards for Patient Blood Management; Pediatric Version, first published in 2010 with the addition of a new Pediatric section in 2016. These Standards provide guidance for implementing a comprehensive Pediatric Patient Blood Management program at both pediatric and adult medical institutions. While every hospital may not be equipped to have a dedicated Pediatric Patient Blood Management program, this document highlights important universal clinical strategies that can be implemented to optimize pediatric bleeding management and minimize allogeneic blood product exposure through the use of multi-modal therapeutic strategies that have their central emphasis on the patient rather than the transfusion. Important strategies include: treatment of preoperative anemia, standardized transfusion algorithms, the use of restrictive transfusion thresholds, goal-directed therapy based on point of care and viscoelastic testing, antifibrinolytics, and avoidance of hemodilution and hypothermia as supported by evidence. For the full version, please go to https://www.sabm.org/publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Goobie
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trudi Gallagher
- Standards for Patient Blood Management Task Force, Society for the Advancement of Blood Management
| | - Irwin Gross
- Patient Blood Management Division, Accumen Inc at Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine
| | - Aryeh Shander
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Director, TeamHealth Research Institute Englewood Health, Englewood, New Jersey
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Derzon J, Alford A, Clarke N, Gross I, Shander A, Thurer R. Anemia Management and Audit Feedback Practices for Reducing Overuse of RBC Transfusion: A Laboratory Medicine Best Practice Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:18-28. [PMID: 30357323 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of anemia management and audit with feedback practices in reducing overuse of RBC transfusion. Methods This review follows the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Laboratory Medicine Best Practice Systematic Review (A-6) method. We searched the literature and solicited unpublished studies on practices to reduce overuse of RBC transfusions as measured by reductions in units transfused and proportion of patients transfused. Results Thirteen studies on preoperative anemia management and three studies on audit feedback practices met inclusion criteria. Strength of evidence was high to moderate for reducing the number of units and proportion of patients transfused. Conclusions Preoperative anemia management reduces the proportion of patients transfused and units of RBCs transfused. Audit with feedback across cases, physicians, and/or service areas, as part of a continuous quality improvement practice, reduces the proportion of patients and units of RBCs transfused.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Derzon
- RTI International, Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Aaron Alford
- National Network of Public Health Institutes, Research and Evaluation, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Aryeh Shander
- Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ
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Hashavya S, Gross I, Michael-Gayego A, Simanovsky N, Lamdan R. The efficacy of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in the diagnosis of bacteria from blood, bone and synovial fluid samples of children with musculoskeletal infections. J Child Orthop 2018; 12:204-208. [PMID: 29707061 PMCID: PMC5902756 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.12.170049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal infections are among the most common bacterial infections in children leading to hospitalization, invasive procedures and prolonged antibiotic administration. Blood, synovial and sometimes tissue cultures are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections; 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing is a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of bacteria.While the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in synovial fluid was previously assessed, data regarding the efficacy of this method from blood samples or partially treated children with suspected musculoskeletal infections is lacking.In this study we assessed the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in blood, bone and synovial samples of children with musculoskeletal infections. METHODS Blood, synovial and bone samples were collected from children with suspected musculoskeletal infections and analyzed for the presence of 16S rDNA, the results were then compared with the benchmark microbial cultures. RESULTS During the study period, 41 children (18 boys and 23 girls) with suspected acute musculoskeletal infection were enrolled. A positive blood culture was found in 6/31 cases (19.4%) with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly isolated bacterium. No significant 16S rDNA detection in blood samples was recorded.Synovial fluid culture was positive in 6/28 samples (21%), Kingella kingae being the most common pathogen. When using the 16S rDNA sequencing method, the rate of positive results in synovial fluid was higher with bacterial detection in 12/23 (52%) samples. The 16S rDNA sequencing method was also able to identify pathogens in samples taken from partially treated children where cultures were negative with 16S rDNA detection in 5/5 samples. CONCLUSION Although 16S rDNA sequencing may increase the yield of bacterial detection in synovial samples of patients with musculoskeletal infections, there is no benefit from applying this method on blood samples. The 16S rDNA sequencing method may be particularly beneficial when antibiotic treatment was started prior to synovial fluid sampling. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level-II diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hashavya
- Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Hadassah and Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I. Gross
- Department of Paediatrics, Hadassah and Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel, Correspondence should be sent to I. Gross, Department of Paediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel. E-mail:
| | - A. Michael-Gayego
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah and Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N. Simanovsky
- Paediatric Orthopedic Unit, Hadassah and Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R. Lamdan
- Paediatric Orthopedic Unit, Hadassah and Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Delhorme JB, Sattler L, Severac F, Triki E, Gross I, Romain B, Rohr S, Grunebaum L, Brigand C. Prognostic factors of hemorrhagic complications after oxaliplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Toward routine preoperative dosage of Von Willebrand factor? Eur J Surg Oncol 2017; 43:1095-1101. [PMID: 28209329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC-ox) induces specific morbidity with hemorrhagic complications (HC). The aim of this study was to identify preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative HC predictive factors after HIPEC-ox. METHODS A prospective single center study that included all consecutive patients treated with curative-intent HIPEC-ox, whatever the origin of peritoneal disease, was conducted. All patients underwent systematic blood tests exploring primary hemostasis and endothelial activation before surgical incision (D0) and on postoperative days 2 (POD2) and 5 (POD5). RESULTS Between May 2012 and August 2015, 47 patients were enrolled in the study. The overall HC rate was 38%. Major morbidity was significantly higher in patients with HC. Patients presenting HC were significantly more often affected with pseudomyxoma peritonei and had less preoperative chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher plasmatic level of Von Willebrand factor antigen at D0 (D0 VWF:Ag) was a protective predictive factor for HC (p = 0.049, HR: 0.97 CI 95% [0.94-1.00]). A D0 VWF:Ag level below 138% had a sensitivity of 87.5%, a specificity of 67% and an area under the curve of 80.3% (CI 95% [66.5-94], p < 0.01) for predicting HC. CONCLUSIONS Through the identification of prognostic factors, this study highlighted a subgroup of patients with low risk of HC after HIPEC-ox. Based on these results, we propose a routine preoperative dosage of VWF that would help the surgeon to select the most suitable patients for HIPEC-ox.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Delhorme
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hautepierre Hospital, Strasbourg University Hospital, 2 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France; INSERM UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, FMTS, 3 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
| | - L Sattler
- Biological Hematology Laboratory, Hemostasis Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, 2 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Severac
- Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'hôpital BP426, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Triki
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hautepierre Hospital, Strasbourg University Hospital, 2 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - I Gross
- INSERM UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, FMTS, 3 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Romain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hautepierre Hospital, Strasbourg University Hospital, 2 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Rohr
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hautepierre Hospital, Strasbourg University Hospital, 2 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Grunebaum
- Biological Hematology Laboratory, Hemostasis Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, 2 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Brigand
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hautepierre Hospital, Strasbourg University Hospital, 2 avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
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Tim Goodnough L, Comin-Colet J, Leal-Noval S, Ozawa S, Takere J, Henry D, Javidroozi M, Hohmuth B, Bisbe E, Gross I, Shander A. Management of anemia in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:88-93. [PMID: 27779769 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anemia is an independent risk factor for adverse patient outcomes. There are no guidelines for management of anemia in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), despite its high incidence. Four objectives were defined by the International Anemia Management and Clinical Outcomes Expert Panel (AMCO), a multinational group of interdisciplinary experts identified by the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management (SABM) to: determine the prevalence of anemia in outpatients; to determine the prevalence of hospital-acquired anemia; to assess the impact of anemia management on clinical outcomes such as quality of life and functional status; and to provide recommendations for primary care physicians and specialists for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of anemia in patients with CHF. Anemia and iron deficiency were confirmed to be highly prevalent in patients with CHF. Intravenous iron therapy improves anemia, cardiac function and exercise tolerance, leading to improvement in quality of life. Anemia management has been demonstrated to be cost-effective. Clinical care pathways to manage anemia in patients with CHF are recommended as best practices in order to improve patient outcomes. Am. J. Hematol. 92:88-93, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Comin-Colet
- Department of Cardiology; Heart Failure Program, Bellvitge University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Liobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Santiago Leal-Noval
- Department of Critical Care, Critical Care Division; University Hospital “Virgen delRocío” Avda Manuel Siurot s/n; Seville Spain
| | - Sherri Ozawa
- Institute for Patient Blood Management and Bloodless Medicine and Surgery; Englewood Hospital and Medical Center; Englewood New Jersey
| | - Jacqueline Takere
- Department of Pharmacy, ASHP Pharmacy Residency Program, Investigation Drug Services; Clinical Coordinator for Pharmacy and Therapeutics/Oncology Services; Englewood New Jersey
| | - David Henry
- Department of Medicine; Penn Hematology/Oncology Abramson Cancer Center, Pennsylvania Hospital; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mazyar Javidroozi
- Department of Anesthesiology; Englewood Hospital and Medical Center; Englewood New Jersey
| | - Benjamin Hohmuth
- Department of Hospital Medicine; Temple University School of Medicine, Representing Society of Hospital Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Elvira Bisbe
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation; Hospital Universitaridel Mar; Barcelona Spain
- Perioperative Medicine Research Group; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute. IMIM Coordination of Anemia Working Group España; Spain
| | - Irwin Gross
- Senior medical director; Accumen LLC; San Diego California
| | - Aryeh Shander
- Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine; New York New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Pain and Hyperbaric medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center; TeamHealth Research Institute; Englewood New Jersey
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Gross I, Farmer S, Hofmann A, Ozawa S, Shander A, Aapro M. Critical Role of Iron in Epoetin Alfa Treatment of Chemotherapy-Associated Anemia. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3819-3820. [PMID: 27507872 PMCID: PMC5477928 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irwin Gross
- Irwin Gross, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME; Accumen, San Diego, CA; Shannon Farmer, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Axel Hofmann, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Sherri Ozawa, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Aryeh Shander, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Matti Aapro, IMO Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Shannon Farmer
- Irwin Gross, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME; Accumen, San Diego, CA; Shannon Farmer, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Axel Hofmann, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Sherri Ozawa, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Aryeh Shander, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Matti Aapro, IMO Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Axel Hofmann
- Irwin Gross, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME; Accumen, San Diego, CA; Shannon Farmer, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Axel Hofmann, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Sherri Ozawa, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Aryeh Shander, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Matti Aapro, IMO Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Sherri Ozawa
- Irwin Gross, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME; Accumen, San Diego, CA; Shannon Farmer, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Axel Hofmann, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Sherri Ozawa, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Aryeh Shander, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Matti Aapro, IMO Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Aryeh Shander
- Irwin Gross, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME; Accumen, San Diego, CA; Shannon Farmer, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Axel Hofmann, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Sherri Ozawa, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Aryeh Shander, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Matti Aapro, IMO Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Matti Aapro
- Irwin Gross, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME; Accumen, San Diego, CA; Shannon Farmer, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Axel Hofmann, University of Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Sherri Ozawa, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Aryeh Shander, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Matti Aapro, IMO Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
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Trentino K, Farmer S, Gross I, Shander A, Isbister J. Observational studies - should we simply ignore them in assessing transfusion outcomes? BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:96. [PMID: 27741940 PMCID: PMC5064888 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As defined by evidence-based medicine randomized controlled trials rank higher than observational studies in the hierarchy of clinical research. Accordingly, when assessing the effects of treatments on patient outcomes, there is a tendency to focus on the study method rather than also appraising the key elements of study design. A long-standing debate regarding findings of randomized controlled trials compared with those of observational studies, their strengths and limitations and questions regarding causal inference, has recently come into focus in relation to research assessing patient outcomes in transfusion medicine. DISCUSSION Observational studies are seen to have limitations that are largely avoided with randomized controlled trials, leading to the view that observational studies should not generally be used to inform practice. For example, observational studies examining patient outcomes associated with blood transfusion often present higher estimates of adverse outcomes than randomized controlled trials. Some have explained this difference as being a result of observational studies not properly adjusting for differences between patients transfused and those not transfused. However, one factor often overlooked, likely contributing to these variances between study methods is different exposure criteria. Another common to both study methods is exposure dose, specifically, measuring units transfused during only a part of the patient's hospital stay. When comparing the results of observational studies with randomized controlled trials assessing transfusion outcomes it is important that one consider not only the study method, but also the key elements of study design. Any study, regardless of its method, should focus on accurate measurement of the exposure and outcome variables of interest. Failure to do so may subject the study, regardless of its type, to bias and the need to interpret the results with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Trentino
- Performance Unit, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon Farmer
- School of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Aryeh Shander
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ, USA
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Seviciu A, Gross I, Fathima S, Walsh SM. Effects of tranexamic acid and bipolar sealer alone or in combination in primary total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Arthroplast Today 2016; 2:77-82. [PMID: 28326403 PMCID: PMC4957169 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare 2 blood management interventions, tranexamic acid (TXA) and bipolar sealer system (BSS) used independently or in combination with a control group during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 127 TKA patients were enrolled and randomized into 4 groups: Intravenous TXA plus the BSS (N = 29, group 1); TXA only (N = 29, group 2); BSS only (N = 31, group 3); and intravenous normal saline as a control group (N = 32, group 4). Results Changes in hemoglobin from baseline to postoperative follow-up were significantly lower among patients who received TXA plus BSS and those receiving TXA only when compared with the control. BSS only did not differ significantly when compared to the control group. In addition, TXA plus BSS was as efficacious as TXA only in preserving postoperative hemoglobin. Conclusions In other terms, using bipolar sealer did not add to the effect of TXA in reducing the postoperative hemoglobin drop in primary TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Seviciu
- Department of Anesthesia, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Irwin Gross
- Transfusion Services, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Samreen Fathima
- Clinical Research Center, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Stephen M Walsh
- Department of Orthopedics, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA; Down East Orthopedics, Bangor, ME, USA
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Gross I, Trentino KM, Andreescu A, Pierson R, Maietta RA, Farmer S. Impact of a Patient Blood Management Program and an Outpatient Anemia Management Protocol on Red Cell Transfusions in Oncology Inpatients and Outpatients. Oncologist 2016; 21:327-32. [PMID: 26865590 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient blood management (PBM) programs are associated with reduced transfusion usage, reduced hospital costs, and improved patient outcomes. The application of PBM principles in patients with malignant disease might achieve similar results. However, this population presents unique challenges. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a PBM program on blood usage and patient outcomes in cancer patients, particularly in the setting of restricted use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed of patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of malignancy treated at Eastern Maine Medical Center as inpatients or outpatients, or both, from January 2008 through July 2013. RESULTS The proportion of inpatients and outpatients receiving ESAs decreased from 2.9% in 2008 to 1.1% in 2013 (p < .001). During the same period, an increase occurred in the mean dose of intravenous (IV) iron from 447 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 337-556) to 588 mg (95% CI, 458-718). The mean red blood cell (RBC) units transfused per inpatient and outpatient episode decreased from 0.067 to 0.038 unit (p < .001). In inpatients, significant increases occurred in the proportion of single-unit RBC transfusions (p < .001) and patients infused with IV iron (p = .02), and significant decreases in the mean pretransfusion hemoglobin (p = .02) and RBC transfusion rate (p = .04). In-hospital mortality and length of stay did not change significantly during this period. CONCLUSION Despite the decreased use of ESA therapy, the implementation of a PBM program and outpatient anemia management protocol in cancer patients at our medical center was associated with significant reductions in RBC usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin Gross
- Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine, USA Accumen LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kevin M Trentino
- Performance Unit, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Shannon Farmer
- School of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Levy L, Block C, Schwartz C, Gross I, Cohen M, Fridlender Z, Moses A, Berkman N, Benenson S. Cluster of Fusarium solani isolations in a Bronchoscopy Unit. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:e5-e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gross I, Seifert B, Hofmann A, Spahn DR. Patient blood management in cardiac surgery results in fewer transfusions and better outcome. Transfusion 2015; 55:1075-81. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irwin Gross
- Patient Blood Management Program; Eastern Maine Medical Center; Bangor Maine
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Eastern Maine Medical Center; Bangor Maine
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Institute of Anesthesiology; University and University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Axel Hofmann
- Institute of Anesthesiology; University and University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Donat R. Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology; University and University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Shander A, Kaplan LJ, Harris MT, Gross I, Nagarsheth NP, Nemeth J, Ozawa S, Riley JB, Ashton M, Ferraris VA. Topical hemostatic therapy in surgery: bridging the knowledge and practice gap. J Am Coll Surg 2014; 219:570-9.e4. [PMID: 25151345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Shander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Hospital & Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Department of Surgery, Englewood Hospital & Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Lewis J Kaplan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Surgical Emergencies, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Tactical Medicine, Tactical Police Surgeon, Police Departments, South Central SWAT North Haven, North Branford, East Haven, CT
| | - Michael T Harris
- Department of Surgery, Englewood Hospital & Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Irwin Gross
- Department of Transfusion Services, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME
| | - Nimesh P Nagarsheth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Englewood Hospital & Medical Center, Englewood, NJ; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey Nemeth
- Department of Pharmacy, Englewood Hospital & Medical Center, Englewood, NJ
| | - Sherri Ozawa
- Institute for Bloodless Medicine and Patient Blood Management, Englewood Hospital & Medical Center, Englewood, NJ
| | - Jeffrey B Riley
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN
| | | | - Victor A Ferraris
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Gross I, Auerbach M. RE: Adding Epoetin Alfa to Intense Dose-Dense Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Randomized Clinical Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:djt451. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Shander A, Gross I, Hill S, Javidroozi M, Sledge S. A new perspective on best transfusion practices. Blood Transfus 2013; 11:193-202. [PMID: 23399354 PMCID: PMC3626470 DOI: 10.2450/2012.0195-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Shander
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey
- Institute for Patient Blood Management and Bloodless Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey
| | - Irwin Gross
- Department of Transfusion Services, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine
| | - Steven Hill
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mazyar Javidroozi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey
| | - Sharon Sledge
- Department of Patient Blood Management, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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Gross I, Shander A, Sweeney J. Patient blood management and outcome, too early or not? Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2013; 27:161-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lademann J, Patzelt A, Schanzer S, Richter H, Gross I, Menting K, Frazier L, Sterry W, Antoniou C. Decontamination of the Skin with Absorbing Materials. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 24:87-92. [DOI: 10.1159/000322305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kendzia B, Gustavsson P, Pohlabeln H, Ahrens W, Jöckel K, Olsson A, Gross I, Brüske I, Wichmann H, Merletti F, Mirabelli D, Boffetta P, Straif K, Brüning T, Pesch B. Cigarette smoking and lung cancer – Risk estimates for the major histological types from a pooled analysis of European case-control studies. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pieck S, Gross I, Knappe P, Kuenzler S, Kerschbaumer F, Wahrburg J. A Navigated Mechatronic System with Haptic Features to Assist in Surgical Interventions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 8:292-9. [PMID: 15742666 DOI: 10.3109/10929080309146067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In orthopaedic surgery, the development of new computer-based technologies such as navigation systems and robotics will facilitate more precise, reproducible results in surgical interventions. There are already commercial systems available for clinical use, though these still have some limitations and drawbacks. This paper presents an alternative approach to a universal modular surgical assistant system for supporting less or minimally invasive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The position of a mechatronic arm, which is part of the system, is controlled by a navigation system so that small patient movements are automatically detected and compensated for in real time. Thus, the optimal tool position can be constantly maintained without the need for rigid bone or patient fixation. Furthermore, a force control mode of the mechatronic assistant system, based on a force-torque sensor, not only increases safety during surgical interventions but also facilitates hand-driven direct positioning of the arm. RESULTS A prototype has been successfully tested in clinical applications at the Orthopadische Universitätsklinik Frankfurt. For the first time worldwide, implantation of the cup prosthesis in total hip replacement surgery has been carried out with the assistance of a mechatronic arm. According to measurements by the digitizing system, operating tool angle deviation remained below 0.5 degrees, relative to the preoperative planning. CONCLUSION The presented approach to a new kind of surgical mechatronic assistance system supports the surgeon as needed by optimal positioning of the surgical instruments. Due to its modular design, it is applicable to a wide range of tasks in surgical interventions, e.g., endoscope guidance, bone preparation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pieck
- Center for Sensor Systems, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
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Calon A, Gross I, Lhermitte B, Martin E, Beck F, Duclos B, Kedinger M, Duluc I, Domon-Dell C, Freund JN. Different effects of the Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox genes in a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Gut 2007; 56:1688-95. [PMID: 17595234 PMCID: PMC2095714 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2007.125542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The CDX1 and CDX2 homeoproteins are intestine-specific transcription factors regulating homeostasis. We investigated their relevance in experimentally-induced intestinal inflammation. METHODS The response to intestinal inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was compared in wild type, Cdx1(-/-) and Cdx2(+/-) mice. Intestinal permeability was determined in wild type and Cdx2(+/-) mice. Protein-protein interactions were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pulldown, and their functional consequences were assessed using Luciferase reporter systems. RESULTS Heterozygous Cdx2(+/-) mice, but not Cdx1(-/-) mice, were hypersensitive to DSS-induced acute inflammation as all these mice showed blood in the stools at day 1 of DSS treatment. Hypersensitivity was associated to a 50% higher intestinal permeability. In Cdx2(+/-) mice, the colonic epithelium was repaired during the week after the end of DSS treatment, whereas two weeks were required for wild type animals. Subsequently, no colonic tumour was observed in Cdx2(+/-) mice subjected to 5 repeated cycles of DSS, in contrast to the 2.7 tumours found per wild type mouse. Based on the fact that Smad3(+/-) mice, like Cdx2(+/-) mice, better repair the damaged intestinal epithelium, we found that the CDX2 protein interacts with SMAD3, independently of SMAD4, resulting in a 5-fold stimulation of SMAD3 transcriptional activity. CDX1 also interacted with SMAD3 but it inhibited by 10-fold the SMAD3/SMAD4-dependent transcription. CONCLUSION The Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox genes have distinct effects on the outcome of a pro-inflammatory challenge. This is mirrored by different functional interactions of the CDX1 and CDX2 proteins with SMAD3, a major element of the TGFbeta signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calon
- INSERM U682, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Pesch B, Pierl CB, Gebel M, Gross I, Becker D, Johnen G, Rihs HP, Donhuijsen K, Lepentsiotis V, Meier M, Schulze J, Brüning T. Occupational risks for adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the German wood industry. Occup Environ Med 2007; 65:191-6. [PMID: 17881467 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2007.033886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the risk of wood dust and chemical exposures for adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (ADCN) among German wood workers. METHODS An industry-based case-control study with 86 male ADCN cases and 204 controls was conducted in the German wood-working industries. Cumulative and average wood-dust exposure was quantified with a job-exposure matrix based on wood-dust measurements at recent and historical workplaces. Probabilities of exposure to wood preservatives, stains, varnishes, and formaldehyde were semi-quantitatively rated. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression analysis conditional on age and adjusted for smoking and other factors. For estimating the risks of either wood dust or chemical additives, the authors additionally adjusted for the corresponding co-exposure. RESULTS ADCN occurred relatively more frequently among wood workers that had ever worked as cabinet makers or joiners (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.46 to 6.01) than as saw millers (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.68). Average exposure to inhalable wood dust >/=5 mg/m(3) was associated with a high risk (OR 48.47, 95% CI 13.30 to 176.63) compared to levels below 3.5 mg/m(3). Assuming 40 years of exposure under these concentrations, the corresponding OR was 4.20 (95% CI 1.69 to 10.43). Exposure between 3.5 and 5 mg/m(3) was also found to pose a risk (OR 10.54, 95% CI 3.34 to 33.27). Exposure to pigment stains before 1970 was associated with an increased risk (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.11 to 8.26). No significant associations were estimated for wood preservatives, varnishes, and formaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS The authors found an elevated ADCN risk for exposure to inhalable wood dust above 3.5 mg/m(3). The rareness of the disease does not allow the exclusion of risk below that concentration. For pigment stains, there is evidence for an association of historical exposure with the development of ADCN in German wood workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pesch
- BGFA-Forschungsinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Benosman S, Gross I, Clarke N, Jochemsen AG, Okamoto K, Loeffler JP, Gaiddon C. Multiple neurotoxic stresses converge on MDMX proteolysis to cause neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:2047-57. [PMID: 17823617 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MDMX has been shown to modulate p53 in dividing cells after DNA damage. In this study, we investigated the role of MDMX in primary cultures of neurons undergoing cell death. We found that DNA damage, but also membrane-initiated apoptotic stresses (glutamate receptor; Amyloid beta precursor) or survival factor deprivation downregulated MDMX protein levels. Forced downregulation of murine double minute X (MDMX) by shRNA induced apoptosis suggesting that MDMX is required for survival in neurons. Protease inhibitors prevented the loss of MDMX after neurotoxic treatments, indicating a regulation of protein stability. Some, but not all, neurotoxic stresses induced phosphorylation of MDMX at serine 367, further supporting regulation at the protein level. Interestingly, we found that depending on the stimulus either p53 or E2F1 was induced, but overexpression of MDMX inhibited the transcriptional activity of both proapoptotic factors, and maintained neuronal viability upon neurotoxic stresses. Taken together, our data show that MDMX is an antiapoptotic factor in neurons, whose degradation is induced by various stresses and allows activation of p53 and E2F-1 during neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benosman
- INSERM U692, Laboratoire de Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, UMRS692, Strasbourg, France
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Gross I, Armant O, Benosman S, de Aguilar JLG, Freund JN, Kedinger M, Licht JD, Gaiddon C, Loeffler JP. Sprouty2 inhibits BDNF-induced signaling and modulates neuronal differentiation and survival. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1802-12. [PMID: 17599098 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouty (Spry) proteins are ligand-inducible inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases-dependent signaling pathways, which control various biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation and survival. Here, we investigated the regulation and the role of Spry2 in cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In primary cultures of immature neurons, the neurotrophic factor BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) regulates spry2 expression. We identified the transcription factors CREB and SP1 as important regulators of the BDNF activation of the spry2 promoter. In immature neurons, we show that overexpression of wild-type Spry2 blocks neurite formation and neurofilament light chain expression, whereas inhibition of Spry2 by a dominant-negative mutant or small interfering RNA favors sprouting of multiple neurites. In mature neurons that exhibit an extensive neurite network, spry2 expression is sustained by BDNF and is downregulated during neuronal apoptosis. Interestingly, in these differentiated neurons, overexpression of Spry2 induces neuronal cell death, whereas its inhibition favors neuronal survival. Together, our results imply that Spry2 is involved in the development of the CNS by inhibiting both neuronal differentiation and survival through a negative-feedback loop that downregulates neurotrophic factors-driven signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- U682 INSERM, 3 avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67200, France.
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Gross I, Duluc I, Benameur T, Calon A, Martin E, Brabletz T, Kedinger M, Domon-Dell C, Freund JN. The intestine-specific homeobox gene Cdx2 decreases mobility and antagonizes dissemination of colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:107-15. [PMID: 17599044 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gravity of colorectal cancer is mainly due to the capacity of tumor cells to migrate out of the tumor mass to invade the stroma and disseminate as metastases. The acquisition of a migratory phenotype also occurs during wound healing. Here, we show that several features characterizing invasive colon tumor cells are shared by migrating cells during wound repair in vitro. In particular, the expression of the intestine-specific transcription factor Cdx2, a key gene for intestinal identity downregulated in invasive cancer cells, is reduced during wound healing in vitro. Transcription factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition such as Snail and Slug are upregulated during wound healing and are able to repress Cdx2 transcription. In vitro, forced expression of Cdx2 in human colon cancer cell lines retarded wound repair and reduced migration, whereas inhibition of Cdx2 expression by RNA interference enhanced migration. In vivo, forced expression of Cdx2 opposed tumor cells spreading in nude mice xenografted at three different sites. These data provide evidence that Cdx2 antagonizes the process of tumor cell dissemination, and they suggest that this homeobox gene might represent a new therapeutic target against metastatic spreading of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- INSERM, U682, Strasbourg, France
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Buzzarro M, Gross I. Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Postoperative Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants and Children with Congenital Heart Disease. Anesth Analg 2006; 102:964. [PMID: 16492860 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000198589.85524.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is a prevalent molecule in the human body responsible for many physiologic activities including pulmonary vasodilation. An exogenous, inhaled form (iNO) exists that mimics this action without directly affecting systemic blood pressure. This therapy has been implemented in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. This review examines the efficacy of iNO in the postoperative management of infants and children with congenital heart disease. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of postoperative iNO versus placebo and/or conventional management on infants and children with congenital heart disease. The primary outcome was mortality, while secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, assessment of neurodevelopmental disability, number of pulmonary hypertensive crises (PHTC), changes in haemodynamics including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), changes in oxygenation measured as the ratio PaO2:FiO2, and measurement of maximum methaemoglobin level as a marker of toxicity. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to 2004), and EMBASE (1980 to 2004). We included abstracts and all languages. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing iNO with placebo and conventional management, or both. Trials included only children with congenital heart disease requiring surgery and complicated by pulmonary hypertension. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were collected on mortality, number of PHTC, changes in MPAP, MAP, HR, and PaO2:FiO2, and maximum methaemoglobin level, while data on long-term mortality, neurodevelopmental disability, and length of hospital stay were unavailable. We performed subgroup analysis by age and method of control. We performed sensitivity analysis using studies of highest methodologic quality. MAIN RESULTS We included four randomized trials. We observed no differences between groups with respect to mortality (P = 0.50), PHTC (P = 0.79), change in MPAP (P = 0.16), MAP (P = 0.40), HR (P = 1.00), or PaO2:FiO2 (P = 0.46). There was a significant reduction in MPAP in the subgroup of patients from birth to three months (P = 0.005), although this finding was based on a small number of patients (N = 23). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We observed no differences with the use of iNO as compared with control in the majority of outcomes reviewed. No data were available for analysis with respect to several clinical outcomes including long-term mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome. We found it difficult to draw valid conclusions because of concerns regarding methodologic quality, bias, sample size, and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bizzarro
- Yale-New Haven Hospital, Pediatrics, 333 Cedar Street WP493, P.O. Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA.
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Bizzarro M, Gross I. Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with congenital heart disease. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Sprouty was genetically identified as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor signaling during tracheal branching in Drosophila. In this study, we provide a functional characterization of mammalian Sprouty1 and Sprouty2. Sprouty1 and Sprouty2 inhibited events downstream of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and regulated both cell proliferation and differentiation. Using NIH3T3 cell lines conditionally expressing Sprouty1 or Sprouty2, we found that these proteins specifically inhibit the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway by preventing Ras activation. In contrast, activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway was not affected by Sprouty1 or Sprouty2. We further showed that Sprouty1 and Sprouty2 do no prevent the formation of a SNT.Grb2.Sos complex upon fibroblast growth factor stimulation, yet block Ras activation. Taken together, these results establish mammalian Sprouty proteins as important negative regulators of growth factor signaling and suggest that Sprouty proteins act downstream of the Grb2.Sos complex to selectively uncouple growth factor signals from Ras activation and the MAP Kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- Derald H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Box 1130, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Abstract
Unfortunately, surfactant therapy is not routinely available to infants in some parts of the world because of its cost. It is the hypothesis of this article that in situations where surfactant is not available, there may be a role for antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) plus glucocorticoid therapy. Data from randomized clinical trials, which compared therapy with antenatal glucocorticoid plus TRH to that with glucocorticoid alone were extracted and subjected to meta-analysis. The trials that incorporated surfactant therapy were analyzed separately from those in which surfactant was not used. In addition, because surfactant therapy was only available to some patients in the Australian ACTOBAT trial, each group analysis was performed with and without the ACTOBAT data. A characteristic of the earlier presurfactant trials is that few were designed for "intention to treat" analysis. In most of these studies, it was decided a priori to include babies who delivered within a specified time period after hormone therapy. The addition of TRH did not decrease respiratory distress syndrome in those trials in which surfactant therapy was used. In the presurfactant trials, respiratory distress syndrome was significantly decreased when "intention to treat" data were examined, as well as in those infants who delivered between 1 and 10 days after maternal therapy. There was also a significant decrease in oxygen dependency at 28 days after birth, and in oxygen dependency or death at this time, in those infants who delivered 1 to 10 days after treatment. Antenatal TRH had no significant effect of on neonatal complications such as air leak, intraventricular hemmorhage, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, or necrotizing enterocolitis. However, TRH did produce transient suppression of the pituitary thyroid axis. There were also a variety of transient complications in the mothers, including nausea, vomiting or flushing, light-headed feeling, and increased blood pressure. The authors conclude that the implementation of appropriate antenatal glucocorticoid treatment is the first priority. Once this has been established, the data presented here suggest that addition of antenatal TRH should be considered in those situations where surfactant is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Clinical Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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43
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Wilk T, Gross I, Gowen BE, Rutten T, de Haas F, Welker R, Kräusslich HG, Boulanger P, Fuller SD. Organization of immature human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2001; 75:759-71. [PMID: 11134289 PMCID: PMC113972 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.2.759-771.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2000] [Accepted: 10/04/2000] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature retrovirus particles contain radially arranged Gag polyproteins in which the N termini lie at the membrane and the C termini extend toward the particle's center. We related image features to the polyprotein domain structure by combining mutagenesis with cryoelectron microscopy and image analysis. The matrix (MA) domain appears as a thin layer tightly associated with the inner face of the viral membrane, separated from the capsid (CA) layer by a low-density region corresponding to its C terminus. Deletion of the entire p6 domain has no effect on the width or spacing of the density layers, suggesting that p6 is not ordered in immature human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In vitro assembly of a recombinant Gag polyprotein containing only capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) domains results in the formation of nonenveloped spherical particles which display two layers with density matching that of the CA-NC portion of immature HIV-1 Gag particles. Authentic, immature HIV-1 displays additional surface features and an increased density between the lipid bilayers which reflect the presence of gp41. The other internal features match those of virus-like particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wilk
- The Structural Biology Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D69012 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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44
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Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the term and near-term infant. Management of this condition, which is characterized by respiratory distress and cyanosis, has been greatly enhanced by inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy. The following treatment regime is suggested: Conventional ventilation should be used initially, and hyperventilation should be avoided. Surfactant should be administered early, preferably within 6 hours of diagnosis. If conventional ventilation fails, the next step is high-frequency ventilation or inhaled NO. Some infants who do not respond to inhaled NO when administered by conventional ventilation will respond to NO delivery via a high-frequency ventilator. If all of these therapies fail, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) should be considered. By the use of this approach, the mortality from PPH has been considerably reduced, and concerns today relate primarily to morbidity, particularly long-term neurologic outcome and chronic lung disease resulting from ventilation and barotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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45
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Abstract
The WT1 tumor suppressor gene encodes a transcription factor that can activate and repress gene expression. Transcriptional targets relevant for the growth suppression functions of WT1 are poorly understood. We found that mesenchymal NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably expressing WT1 exhibit growth suppression and features of epithelial differentiation including up-regulation of E-cadherin mRNA. Acute expression of WT1 in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts after retroviral infection induced murine E-cadherin expression. In transient transfection experiments, the human and murine E-cadherin promoters were activated by co-expression of WT1. E-cadherin promoter activity was increased in cells overexpressing WT1 and was blocked by a dominant negative form of WT1. WT1 activated the murine E-cadherin promoter through a conserved GC-rich sequence similar to an EGR-1 binding site as well as through a CAAT box sequence. WT1 produced in vitro or derived from nuclear extracts bound to the WT1-response element within the murine E-cadherin promoter, but not the CAAT box. E-cadherin, a gene important in epithelial differentiation and neoplastic transformation, represents a downstream target gene that links the roles of the WT1 in differentiation and growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hosono
- Derald H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Gross I, Heinrich J, Fahlbusch B, Jäger L, Bischof W, Wichmann HE. Indoor determinants of Der p 1 and Der f 1 concentrations in house dust are different. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30:376-82. [PMID: 10691896 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to mite allergens is a major risk factor for sensitization and the development of asthma. Der p 1 and Der f 1 content in homes and probably the proportion of both antigens is highly variable even in the same geographical area. OBJECTIVE We investigated specific indoor determinants of Der p 1 and Der f 1 concentrations in house dust of two German cities, Erfurt and Hamburg (n = 405 homes). METHODS Mite allergen levels were determined using monoclonal antibodies against Der p 1 and Der f 1 by the ELISA method. Indoor relative humidity and temperature were monitored continuously in the homes over 1 week. The characteristics of homes and occupants were assessed by questionnaire to obtain information on factors which may have an impact on the mite antigen concentration in house dust. These determinants were studied by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS The correlation between concentrations of Der p 1 and Der f 1 inside the homes was weak (r = 0.29-0.35), indicating that different determinants are relevant. Concentrations of the allergens were significantly higher on lower floors (ratios 2-8 times, Der p 1, Der f 1), on old mattresses (ratios 3-13 times, Der p 1, Der f 1), in post-war buildings (ratio 6 times, Der p 1), for non-central heating (ratio 2 times, Der p 1), for old carpets (ratio 3 times, Der p 1) and for the presence of a dog in the house (ratio 3 times, Der f 1). Furthermore, mite concentration increases with raising relative humidity (ratio 1.03 per 1%, Der p 1) and with decreasing temperature (ratio 0.86 per 1 degrees C, Der p 1) indoors. CONCLUSION Both Der p 1 and Der f 1 concentrations should be measured in house dust, since they are only weakly correlated and have different determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- GSF - Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut für Epidemiologie, Neuherberg, Germany
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47
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Abstract
Assembly of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proceeds in two steps. Initially, an immature virus with a spherical capsid shell consisting of uncleaved Gag polyproteins is formed. Extracellular proteolytic maturation causes rearrangement of the inner virion structure, leading to the conical capsid of the infectious virus. Using an in vitro assembly system, we show that the same HIV-1 Gag-derived protein can form spherical particles, virtually indistinguishable from immature HIV-1 capsids, as well as tubular or conical particles, resembling the mature core. The assembly phenotype could be correlated with differential binding of the protein to monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes in the HIV-1 capsid protein (CA), suggesting distinct conformations of this domain. Only tubular and conical particles were observed when the protein lacked spacer peptide SP1 at the C-terminus of CA, indicating that SP1 may act as a molecular switch, whose presence determines spherical capsid formation, while its cleavage leads to maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- Heinrich-Pette-Institut für experimentelle Virologie und Immunologie an der Universität Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Potassium channel openers (KCOs; e.g., P1075, pinacidil) exert their effects on excitable cells by opening ATP-sensitive potassium channels. These channels are heteromultimers composed with a 4:4 stoichiometry of an inwardly rectifying K(+) channel subunit plus a regulatory subunit comprising the receptor sites for hypoglycemic sulfonylureas and KCOs (a sulfonylurea receptor). To elucidate stoichiometry of KCO action, we analyzed P1075 sensitivity of channels coassembled from sulfonylurea receptor isoforms with high or low P1075 affinity. Concentration activation curves for cDNA ratios of 1:1 or 1:10 resembled those for channel opening resulting from interaction with a single site, whereas models for activation requiring occupation of two, three, or four sites were incongruous. We conclude KCO-induced channel activation to be mediated by interaction with a single binding site per tetradimeric complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Braunschweig, Germany
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49
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Abstract
The background of this study is the finding of several studies that the frequency of respiratory allergies was significantly higher in the former West Germany than the former East Germany. The present study investigated the levels of allergens of house-dust mite (Der p 1 and Der f 1), cat (Fel d 1), and cockroach (Bla g 2) in the household dust of 201 homes in Hamburg (West Germany) and 204 homes in Erfurt (East Germany), and examined the factors that affect these levels. The characteristics of homes were assessed by a questionnaire. The allergen levels were studied in dust from living rooms (LR), bedrooms (BR), and mattresses (MA). We detected in samples from Hamburg significantly higher allergen concentrations than in Erfurt: three times higher Der p 1, five times higher Der f 1, and three times higher Fel d 1. For Bla g 2, no comparison was possible because the concentrations were below the detection limit in 93% of the samples. Most of the differences could be explained by differences in housing and living characteristics between both cities. The mean ratio of Der p 1 levels in mattress dust between Hamburg and Erfurt decreased from 4.1 to 1.54 (NS) after adjustment for season, building material, age of the house, story of the dwelling, type of heating, age of carpet/mattress, presence of dogs, and indoor climate (temperature, humidity). The mean ratio of Der f 1 levels decreased from 6.9 to 2.78 (P<0.05) after adjustment for these factors. The mean ratio for Fel d 1 in mattress dust decreased fom 4.03 to 1.65 (P<0.05) after adjustment for season, building material, story of dwelling, size of dwelling, ventilation, cleaning routines, and pets. A similar reduction was seen for floor dust (LR plus BR). Our results indicate that the differences between the concentrations of mite and cat allergens found in Hamburg and Erfurt are explicable mainly, but not completely, by different building characteristics (age of houses, building material, story, and size of the dwelling) which affected the indoor climate, as well as by differences in other individual living habits (keeping of pets, age of carpets or mattresses, and cleaning routines).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fahlbusch
- University, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Diversity of sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits underlies tissue specific pharmacology of K(ATP) channels, which represent critical regulators of electrical activity in numerous cells. Notably, the neuronal/pancreatic beta-cell receptor, SUR1, imparts high sensitivity to hypoglycemic sulfonylureas (SUs; e.g. glibenclamide) and low to potassium channel openers (KCOs; e.g. P1075), whereas the opposite drug sensitivities are conferred by cardiovascular receptors, SUR2A and SUR2B. By exchanging domains between SUR1 and SUR2B, we identify two regions (KCO I: Thr(1059)-Leu(1087) and KCO II: Arg(1218)-Asn(1320); rat SUR2 numbering) within the second set of transmembrane domains (TMDII) as critical for KCO binding. Swapping both regions reconstitutes KCO affinities and sensitivities of the donor SUR isoform. High glibenclamide affinity of SUR1 is not reduced by transfer of KCO I plus II from SUR2B, demonstrating that high SU and KCO affinity can coexist in the same SUR molecule. Consistently, high SU affinity was imparted on SUR2B by substituting the region separating KCO I and II (Ile(1088)-Val(1217)) with the corresponding domain of SUR1. We infer the receptor sites for KCOs and SUs to be closely associated within a regulatory domain (Thr(1059)-Asn(1320)) in TMDII of SURs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Uhde
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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