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Bahji A, Lunsky I, Gutierrez G, Vazquez G. Efficacy and Safety of Four Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies for Adults with Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37968944 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2278586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
There has been a resurgence in psychedelic research for managing psychiatric conditions in recent years. This study aimed to present a comprehensive review of the current state of the field by applying a systematic search strategy for articles on the effectiveness and tolerability of four psychedelic-assisted therapies (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA], and ayahuasca) for adults with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Psychometric scores and adverse events were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis models with Hedges' g bias-corrected standardized mean differences (g) and rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Bias evaluation followed PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Eighteen studies were identified, which suggested that psychedelic therapies were well tolerated and presented a large effect size for the management of depression symptoms in a transdiagnostic population with psilocybin (g = -1.92, 95% CI, -2.73 to -1.11) and MDMA (g = -0.71; 95% CI, -1.39 to -0.03). These are promising results that complement the current literature. However, evidence certainty was low to very low due to methodological limitations, small sample size, blinding, study heterogeneity, and publication bias. These results also highlight the need for more adequately powered studies exploring these novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Bahji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Isis Lunsky
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilmar Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gustavo Vazquez
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Ito E, Moraes FY, Ramotar M, Lunsky I, Soliman H, Catton CN, Kassam Z, Morton G, Tosoni S, Gospodarowicz M, Wong RKS, Liu FF, Chung PWM. Radiation Oncology Fellowship: a Value-Based Assessment Among Graduates of a Mature Program. J Cancer Educ 2021; 36:1295-1305. [PMID: 32683629 PMCID: PMC8605971 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The University of Toronto - Department of Radiation Oncology (UTDRO) has had a well-established Fellowship Program for over 20 years. An assessment of its graduates was conducted to evaluate training experience and perceived impact on professional development. Graduates of the UTDRO Fellowship Program between 1991 and 2015 were the focus of our review. Current employment status was collected using online tools. A study-specific web-based questionnaire was distributed to 263/293 graduates for whom active e-mails were identified; questions focused on training experience, and impact on career progression and academic productivity. As a surrogate measure for the impact of UTDRO Fellowship training, a comparison of current employment and scholarly activities of individuals who obtained their Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada (FRCPC) designation in Radiation Oncology between 2000 and 2012, with (n = 57) or without (n = 230) UTDRO Fellowship training, was conducted. Almost all UTDRO Fellowship graduates were employed as staff radiation oncologists (291/293), and most of those employed were associated with additional academic (130/293), research (53/293), or leadership (68/293) appointments. Thirty-eight percent (101/263) of alumni responded to the online survey. The top two reasons for completing the Fellowship were to gain specific clinical expertise and exposure to research opportunities. Respondents were very satisfied with their training experience, and the vast majority (99%) would recommend the program to others. Most (96%) felt that completing the Fellowship was beneficial to their career development. University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology Fellowship alumni were more likely to hold university, research, and leadership appointments, and author significantly more publications than those with FRCPC designation without fellowship training from UTDRO. The UTDRO Fellowship Program has been successful since its inception, with the majority of graduates reporting positive training experiences, benefits to scholarly output, and professional development for their post-fellowship careers. Key features that would optimize the fellowship experience and its long-term impact on trainees were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ito
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Fabio Y Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Ramotar
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Isis Lunsky
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles N Catton
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahra Kassam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Stronach Regional Cancer Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard Morton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Tosoni
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mary Gospodarowicz
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca K S Wong
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter W M Chung
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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