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Valencia LM, Herrera M, de la Mata M, Hernández-Saz J, Romero-Ocaña I, Delgado FJ, Benito J, Molina SI. Stereolithography of Semiconductor Silver and Acrylic-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235238. [PMID: 36501632 PMCID: PMC9736969 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) attract the attention of researchers and industry because of their potential properties in widespread fields. Specifically, electrically conductive and semiconductor PNCs are gaining interest as promising materials for biomedical, optoelectronic and sensing applications, among others. Here, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively used as nanoadditives to increase the electrical conductivity of mere acrylic resin. As the in situ formation of metallic NPs within the acrylic matrix is hindered by the solubility of the NP precursors, we propose a method to increase the density of Ag NPs by using different intermediate solvents, allowing preparation of Ag/acrylic resin nanocomposites with improved electrical behaviour. We fabricated 3D structures using stereolithography (SLA) by dissolving different quantities of metal precursor (AgClO4) in methanol and in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and adding these solutions to the acrylic resin. The high density of Ag NPs obtained notably increases the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, reaching the semiconductor regime. We analysed the effect of the auxiliary solvents during the printing process and the implications on the mechanical properties and the degree of cure of the fabricated nanocomposites. The good quality of the materials prepared by this method turn these nanocomposites into promising candidates for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956-01-2028
| | - Miriam Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María de la Mata
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Hernández-Saz
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ismael Romero-Ocaña
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Benito
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio I. Molina
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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Relinque JJ, Romero-Ocaña I, Navas-Martos FJ, Delgado FJ, Domínguez M, Molina SI. Synthesis and Characterisation of Acrylic Resin-Al Powder Composites Suitable for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081642. [PMID: 32718048 PMCID: PMC7465903 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used to build either prototypes or final parts. Nevertheless, the manufacture of structural parts has been ruled out owing to the poor mechanical properties of conventional UV-curable resins. Moreover, the inventory of available commercial resins is still limited and they exhibit low thermal and electrical conductivity values. In this work, some composite materials were designed using Al microparticles dispersed within an SLA commercial resin matrix. These composites overcame the difficulties caused by the light scattering effect during the photopolymerisation process in the SLA technology. Dispersion of the filler was characterised by means of SEM/EDX and AFM. The composites exhibited improved thermal and mechanical behaviour in comparison with the pristine resin. The simplicity of the synthesis method used to prepare the composites provides a convenient starting point to explore new ways of designing composites for SLA with improved mechanical and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Relinque
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (F.J.D.); (S.I.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.R.); (I.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-956-01-2028 (J.J.R. & I.R.-O.)
| | - Ismael Romero-Ocaña
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (F.J.D.); (S.I.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.R.); (I.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-956-01-2028 (J.J.R. & I.R.-O.)
| | - Francisco J. Navas-Martos
- Centro Tecnológico del Plástico ANDALTEC, Ampliación Polígono Cañada de la Fuente, C/Vílchez s/n, 23600 Martos (Jaén), Spain;
| | - F. J. Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (F.J.D.); (S.I.M.)
| | - M. Domínguez
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain;
| | - S. I. Molina
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (F.J.D.); (S.I.M.)
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Naldoni A, Montini T, Malara F, Mróz MM, Beltram A, Virgili T, Boldrini CL, Marelli M, Romero-Ocaña I, Delgado JJ, Dal Santo V, Fornasiero P. Hot Electron Collection on Brookite Nanorods Lateral Facets for Plasmon-Enhanced Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Naldoni
- CNR − Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche e Unita di Ricerca ICCOM-CNR Trieste,
INSTM Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri
1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Malara
- CNR − Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta M. Mróz
- CNR
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Beltram
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche e Unita di Ricerca ICCOM-CNR Trieste,
INSTM Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri
1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- CNR
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara L. Boldrini
- CNR − Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Marelli
- CNR − Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ismael Romero-Ocaña
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche e Unita di Ricerca ICCOM-CNR Trieste,
INSTM Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri
1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Juan José Delgado
- Departamento
de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica
y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vladimiro Dal Santo
- CNR − Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche e Unita di Ricerca ICCOM-CNR Trieste,
INSTM Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri
1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Manfredi N, Cecconi B, Calabrese V, Minotti A, Peri F, Ruffo R, Monai M, Romero-Ocaña I, Montini T, Fornasiero P, Abbotto A. Dye-sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen production: distinct activity in a glucose derivative of a phenothiazine dye. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6977-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A glucose-functionalized phenothiazine dye gave efficient activities compared to the common hydrophilic triethylene glycol derivative as a consequence of improved wettability and peculiar features of the sugar functionality.
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Cecconi B, Manfredi N, Ruffo R, Montini T, Romero-Ocaña I, Fornasiero P, Abbotto A. Tuning Thiophene-Based Phenothiazines for Stable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:4216-4228. [PMID: 26610281 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dibranched donor-(π-acceptor)2 dyes, where phenothiazine is the donor core, cyanoacrylic acid is the acceptor/anchoring group, and π is represented by mono- and poly-cyclic simple and fused thiophene derivatives, were tested as photosensitizers in the photocatalytic production of H2 , in combination with a Pt/TiO2 catalyst. The optical and electrochemical properties of the dyes were investigated, showing that careful design of the thiophene-based π spacer afforded enhanced optical properties. In the H2 production over 20 h, the new thiophene-based sensitizers revealed improved stability after longer irradiation times and enhanced performances, in terms of H2 production rates and light-to-fuel efficiencies, after an initial activation period, which were for the first time associated with enhanced stability under photocatalytic production of H2 and the absence of critical dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cecconi
- Department of Materials Science, Solar Energy Research Center MIB-SOLAR, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Norberto Manfredi
- Department of Materials Science, Solar Energy Research Center MIB-SOLAR, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Department of Materials Science, Solar Energy Research Center MIB-SOLAR, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, INSTM Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Via L.Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ismael Romero-Ocaña
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, INSTM Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Via L.Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, INSTM Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Via L.Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Abbotto
- Department of Materials Science, Solar Energy Research Center MIB-SOLAR, INSTM Milano-Bicocca Research Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
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