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Adrião AAX, dos Santos AO, de Lima EJSP, Maciel JB, Paz WHP, da Silva FMA, Pucca MB, Moura-da-Silva AM, Monteiro WM, Sartim MA, Koolen HHF. Plant-Derived Toxin Inhibitors as Potential Candidates to Complement Antivenom Treatment in Snakebite Envenomations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842576. [PMID: 35615352 PMCID: PMC9126284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomations (SBEs) are a neglected medical condition of global importance that mainly affect the tropical and subtropical regions. Clinical manifestations include pain, edema, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and neurotoxic signs, and may evolve to functional loss of the affected limb, acute renal and/or respiratory failure, and even death. The standard treatment for snake envenomations is antivenom, which is produced from the hyperimmunization of animals with snake toxins. The inhibition of the effects of SBEs using natural or synthetic compounds has been suggested as a complementary treatment particularly before admission to hospital for antivenom treatment, since these alternative molecules are also able to inhibit toxins. Biodiversity-derived molecules, namely those extracted from medicinal plants, are promising sources of toxin inhibitors that can minimize the deleterious consequences of SBEs. In this review, we systematically synthesize the literature on plant metabolites that can be used as toxin-inhibiting agents, as well as present the potential mechanisms of action of molecules derived from natural sources. These findings aim to further our understanding of the potential of natural products and provide new lead compounds as auxiliary therapies for SBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asenate A. X. Adrião
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Aline O. dos Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emilly J. S. P. de Lima
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jéssica B. Maciel
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Weider H. P. Paz
- Post Graduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felipe M. A. da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Support Center, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Manuela B. Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Moura-da-Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Sartim
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- University Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hector H. F. Koolen
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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de Lima BR, Lima JM, Maciel JB, Valentim CQ, Nunomura RDCS, Lima ES, Koolen HHF, de Souza ADL, Pinheiro MLB, Cass QB, da Silva FMA. Synthesis and Inhibition Evaluation of New Benzyltetrahydroprotoberberine Alkaloids Designed as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Front Chem 2019; 7:629. [PMID: 31620424 PMCID: PMC6760013 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from natural products are a potential source of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), which is a key enzyme in the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases. Inspired by the reported activities of isoquinoline-derivative alkaloids herein we report the design, one step synthesis and evaluation by capillary enzyme reactor (ICER) of benzyl analogs (1a–1e) of the tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid stepholidine, which is abundant in Onychopetalum amazonicum. Docking analysis based on the crystal structure of Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE) indicated that π-π interactions were dominant in all planned derivatives and that the residues from esteratic, anionic and peripheral subsites of the enzyme played key interaction roles. Due to the similarities observed when compared with galantamine in the AChE complex, the results suggest that ligand-target interactions would increase, especially for the N-benzyl derivatives. From a series of synthesized compounds, the alkaloids (7R,13aS)-7-benzylstepholidine (1a), (7S,13aS)-7-benzylstepholidine (1b), and (S)-10-O-benzylstepholidine (1d) are reported here for the first time. The on flow bioaffinity chromatography inhibition assay, based on the quantification of choline, revealed the N-benzylated compound 1a and its epimer 1b to be the most active, with IC50 of 40.6 ± 1 and 51.9 ± 1 μM, respectively, and a non-competitive mechanism. The proposed approach, which is based on molecular docking and bioaffinity chromatography, demonstrated the usefulness of stepholidine as a template for the design of rational AChEIs and showed how the target-alkaloid derivatives interact with AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R de Lima
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Lima
- Separare, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jéssica B Maciel
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Rita de Cássia S Nunomura
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Afonso Duarte L de Souza
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia B Pinheiro
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Separare, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Felipe Moura A da Silva
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Guerra ACO, Maciel JB, Turci CC, Bilodeau RC, Hitchcock AP. Quantitative oscillator strengths for ionic fragmentation of C 1s and O 1s excited CO. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v04-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionic photofragmentation of carbon monoxide following carbon 1s and oxygen 1s excitation has been measured quantitatively with tuned synchrotron light and time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a WileyMcLaren apparatus modified with an additional ion lens for improved quantitative performance. The sensitivity of the apparatus to kinetic energy and angular distribution effects has been characterized for selected lens settings through ion trajectory simulations and experimental measurements. Three distinct modes of the added lens have been identified (focus, defocus, and maximum). The focus mode has the least sensitivity to details of the angular and ion kinetic energy distribution and, therefore, is the best mode for measuring quantitative partial ion and ion-pair yields. The defocus mode has the most sensitivity to angular and kinetic energy distributions and, therefore, is the mode that provides the most information about the kinematics of photofragmentation. Branching ratios for ion and ion-pair production in all positive ion fragmentation channels were recorded from 280 to 330 eV (C 1s) and from 520 to 570 eV (O 1s) in the "focus" mode. Quantitative oscillator strengths were derived by combining these branching ratios with absolute total ion yield spectra. The results are compared to literature values.Key words: CO, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, inner-shell excitation, quantitative oscillator strengths, cross sections.
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