1
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Iskandar W, Rescigno TN, Orel AE, Severt T, Larsen KA, Streeter ZL, Jochim B, Griffin B, Call D, Davis V, McCurdy CW, Lucchese RR, Williams JB, Ben-Itzhak I, Slaughter DS, Weber T. Efficiency of charge transfer in changing the dissociation dynamics of OD+ transients formed after the photo-fragmentation of D2O. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:094301. [PMID: 37668253 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an investigation of the relaxation dynamics of deuterated water molecules after direct photo-double ionization at 61 eV. We focus on the very rare D+ + O+ + D reaction channel in which the sequential fragmentation mechanisms were found to dominate the dynamics. Aided by theory, the state-selective formation and breakup of the transient OD+(a1Δ, b1Σ+) is traced, and the most likely dissociation path-OD+: a1Δ or b1Σ+ → A 3Π → X 3Σ- → B 3Σ--involving a combination of spin-orbit and non-adiabatic charge transfer transitions is determined. The multi-step transition probability of this complex transition sequence in the intermediate fragment ion is directly evaluated as a function of the energy of the transient OD+ above its lowest dissociation limit from the measured ratio of the D+ + O+ + D and competing D+ + D+ + O sequential fragmentation channels, which are measured simultaneously. Our coupled-channel time-dependent dynamics calculations reproduce the general trends of these multi-state relative transition rates toward the three-body fragmentation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Iskandar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T N Rescigno
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A E Orel
- Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T Severt
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - K A Larsen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z L Streeter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - B Jochim
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - B Griffin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - D Call
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - V Davis
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - C W McCurdy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R R Lucchese
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Th Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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2
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Iskandar W, Rescigno TN, Orel AE, Larsen KA, Griffin B, Call D, Davis V, Jochim B, Severt T, Williams JB, Ben-Itzhak I, Slaughter DS, Weber T. Atomic autoionization in the photo-dissociation of super-excited deuterated water molecules fragmenting into D + + O + + D. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21562-21572. [PMID: 37545426 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the relaxation dynamics of deuterated water molecules via autoionization, initiated by the absorption of a 61 eV photon, producing the very rare D+ + O+ + D breakup channel. We employ the COLd target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy method to measure the 3D momenta of the ionic fragments and emitted electrons from the dissociating molecule in coincidence. We interpret the results using the potential energy surfaces extracted from multi-reference configuration interaction calculations. The measured particle energy distributions can be related to a super-excited monocationic state located above the double ionization threshold of D2O. The autoionized electron energy shows a sharp distribution centered around 0.5 eV, which is a signature of the atomic oxygen autoionization occurring in the direct and sequential dissociation processes of D2O+* at a large internuclear distance. In this way, an O+ radical fragment and a low-energy electron are created, both of which can trigger secondary reactions in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Iskandar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA.
| | - T N Rescigno
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA.
| | - A E Orel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA-95616, USA
| | - K A Larsen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA.
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
| | - B Griffin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV-89557, USA
| | - D Call
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV-89557, USA
| | - V Davis
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV-89557, USA
| | - B Jochim
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS-66506, USA
| | - T Severt
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS-66506, USA
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV-89557, USA
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS-66506, USA
| | - D S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA.
| | - Th Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA.
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3
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Vela-Peréz I, Ota F, Mhamdi A, Tamura Y, Rist J, Melzer N, Uerken S, Nalin G, Anders N, You D, Kircher M, Janke C, Waitz M, Trinter F, Guillemin R, Piancastelli MN, Simon M, Davis VT, Williams JB, Dörner R, Hatada K, Yamazaki K, Fehre K, Demekhin PV, Ueda K, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T. High-energy molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions: a molecular bond-length ruler. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13784-13791. [PMID: 37159272 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) of small molecules using circularly polarized synchrotron light. We find that the main forward-scattering peaks of the MFPADs are slightly tilted with respect to the molecular axis. This tilt angle is directly connected to the molecular bond length by a simple, universal formula. We apply the derived formula to several examples of MFPADs of C 1s and O 1s photoelectrons of CO, which have been measured experimentally or obtained by means of ab initio modeling. In addition, we discuss the influence of the back-scattering contribution that is superimposed over the analyzed forward-scattering peak in the case of homo-nuclear diatomic molecules such as N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vela-Peréz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F Ota
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Gofuku 3190, Japan
| | - A Mhamdi
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Y Tamura
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Gofuku 3190, Japan
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Melzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Uerken
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Nalin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Anders
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - M Kircher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Janke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matiere et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - M N Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matiere et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matiere et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - V T Davis
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Hatada
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Gofuku 3190, Japan
| | - K Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany.
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4
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Trinter F, Miteva T, Weller M, Hartung A, Richter M, Williams JB, Gatton A, Gaire B, Sartor J, Landers AL, Berry B, Ben-Itzhak I, Sisourat N, Stumpf V, Gokhberg K, Dörner R, Jahnke T, Weber T. Ultrafast temporal evolution of interatomic Coulombic decay in NeKr dimers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1789-1800. [PMID: 35282626 PMCID: PMC8827086 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate interatomic Coulombic decay in NeKr dimers after neon inner-valence photoionization [Ne+(2s-1)] using a synchrotron light source. We measure with high energy resolution the two singly charged ions of the Coulomb-exploding dimer dication and the photoelectron in coincidence. By carefully tracing the post-collision interaction between the photoelectron and the emitted ICD electron we are able to probe the temporal evolution of the state as it decays. Although the ionizing light pulses are 80 picoseconds long, we determine the lifetime of the intermediate dimer cation state and visualize the contraction of the nuclear structure on the femtosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany .,Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - T Miteva
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - A Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - M Richter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno Nevada 89557 USA
| | - A Gatton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA .,Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B Gaire
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - J Sartor
- Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A L Landers
- Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B Berry
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - N Sisourat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - V Stumpf
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - K Gokhberg
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- European XFEL GmbH 22869 Schenefeld Germany
| | - T Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
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5
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Kastirke G, Ota F, Rezvan DV, Schöffler MS, Weller M, Rist J, Boll R, Anders N, Baumann TM, Eckart S, Erk B, De Fanis A, Fehre K, Gatton A, Grundmann S, Grychtol P, Hartung A, Hofmann M, Ilchen M, Janke C, Kircher M, Kunitski M, Li X, Mazza T, Melzer N, Montano J, Music V, Nalin G, Ovcharenko Y, Pier A, Rennhack N, Rivas DE, Dörner R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Schmidt P, Siebert J, Strenger N, Trabert D, Vela-Perez I, Wagner R, Weber T, Williams JB, Ziolkowski P, Schmidt LPH, Czasch A, Tamura Y, Hara N, Yamazaki K, Hatada K, Trinter F, Meyer M, Ueda K, Demekhin PV, Jahnke T. Investigating charge-up and fragmentation dynamics of oxygen molecules after interaction with strong X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27121-27127. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray-induced charge-up and fragmentation process of a small molecule is examined in great detail by measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron interference pattern in conjunction with other observables in coincidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F. Ota
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - D. V. Rezvan
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M. S. Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J. Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R. Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - N. Anders
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T. M. Baumann
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S. Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B. Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. De Fanis
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K. Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Gatton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S. Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P. Grychtol
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Hofmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Ilchen
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C. Janke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Kircher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - X. Li
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T. Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - N. Melzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J. Montano
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - V. Music
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - G. Nalin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Y. Ovcharenko
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Pier
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N. Rennhack
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - D. E. Rivas
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R. Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D. Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - A. Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Ph. Schmidt
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J. Siebert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N. Strenger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D. Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I. Vela-Perez
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R. Wagner
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Th. Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. B. Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - P. Ziolkowski
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - L. Ph. H. Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Czasch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Y. Tamura
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - N. Hara
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K. Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - K. Hatada
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - F. Trinter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K. Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ph. V. Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - T. Jahnke
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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6
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Fehre K, Novikovskiy NM, Grundmann S, Kastirke G, Eckart S, Trinter F, Rist J, Hartung A, Trabert D, Janke C, Nalin G, Pitzer M, Zeller S, Wiegandt F, Weller M, Kircher M, Hofmann M, Schmidt LPH, Knie A, Hans A, Ltaief LB, Ehresmann A, Berger R, Fukuzawa H, Ueda K, Schmidt-Böcking H, Williams JB, Jahnke T, Dörner R, Schöffler MS, Demekhin PV. Fourfold Differential Photoelectron Circular Dichroism. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:103201. [PMID: 34533326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a joint experimental and theoretical study of photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) in methyloxirane. By detecting O 1s photoelectrons in coincidence with fragment ions, we deduce the molecule's orientation and photoelectron emission direction in the laboratory frame. Thereby, we retrieve a fourfold differential PECD clearly beyond 50%. This strong chiral asymmetry is reproduced by ab initio electronic structure calculations. Providing such a pronounced contrast makes PECD of fixed-in-space chiral molecules an even more sensitive tool for chiral recognition in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - N M Novikovskiy
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - S Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - G Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - S Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - A Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - D Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - C Janke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - G Nalin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - S Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - F Wiegandt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - M Kircher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - M Hofmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - A Knie
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - A Hans
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - L Ben Ltaief
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Århus 8000, Denmark
| | - A Ehresmann
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - R Berger
- Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of multidisciplinary research for advanced materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of multidisciplinary research for advanced materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Schmidt-Böcking
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - T Jahnke
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld 22869, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
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7
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Benzing S, Couceiro F, Barnett S, Williams JB, Pearce P, Stanford C. Impact of hydraulic retention time on phosphorus removal from wastewater using reactive media. Water Sci Technol 2020; 82:2920-2928. [PMID: 33341781 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) discharge from wastewater treatment plants into the environment contributes to eutrophication issues. Reactive media filters represent an effective, simple and cost-effective solution to decrease the P content. Previous research used various experimental designs and often synthetic wastewater, making assessment of real-world performance difficult. This study assesses the impact of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on P removal using real wastewater to refine design criteria for full-scale installations. Four media were compared in column experiments for >200 days. Different HRTs were applied and initially the media achieved low P effluent concentrations of >0.1 mg/L PO4-P, increasing over time. Best P removal was observed for the highest HRT with on average >99%. HRT was seen to be the driving factor for P removal rather than media capacity. Three of the four materials showed pH levels above 12 initially, decreasing over time. Water quality parameters, including organics, solids and metals, were monitored. In-depth analysis confirmed formation of calcium phosphate precipitation on the media's surface. The results suggest the importance of an optimal HRT to achieve high P removal and show that the reactive media application is an appropriate technology for P removal on small sites if the elevated pH is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benzing
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portland Building, Portland St, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO3 1AH, UK E-mail:
| | - F Couceiro
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portland Building, Portland St, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO3 1AH, UK E-mail:
| | - S Barnett
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portland Building, Portland St, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO3 1AH, UK E-mail:
| | - J B Williams
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portland Building, Portland St, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO3 1AH, UK E-mail:
| | - P Pearce
- Farmiloe Fisher Environment Ltd, Tregatherall Farm, Minster, Boscastle, Cornwall PL35 0EQ, UK
| | - C Stanford
- Southern Water Services, Southern House, Yeoman Road, Worthing, West Sussex, BN13 3NX, UK
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8
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Morris CS, Campbell YL, Smith BS, Campano SG, Williams JB, Kim T, Dinh TTN, Schilling W. Utilization of Phosphate Alternatives in Marinated Chicken Breast and Chunked and Formed Deli Ham. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.08.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of replacing phosphates in marinated chicken and chunked and formed deli ham using alternative ingredient blends. For the marinated chicken study, broiler breasts were marinated with a 13% solution of 1.0% NaCl, water and either 0.35% sodium tripolyphosphate or a phosphate alternative. Treatment variables consisted of (1) 0.35% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), (2) negative control (no phosphate, NP), (3) 0.83% Whey protein concentrate (WPC), (4) 0.83% Oat fiber (OF, marinated chicken only), or (5) 1.05% Oat fiber with dry vinegar (OFDV).The WPC, OF, and OF-DV treatments also included 1,000 ppm of a natural flavor that served as an antioxidant. The STP treatment yielded breast meat with less (P < 0.05) cooking loss and a higher pH (P < 0.05) than the NP and alternative ingredient treatments. On average, no differences were observed (P > 0.05) in consumer acceptability for chicken breast appearance, texture and overall acceptability. For the ham study, each treatment formulation consisted of approximately 77% pork, 20% water, common commercial curing ingredients, and the following treatment effects: STP (0.4% STP), NP (no phosphate, NP), 1.3% OF-DV, and 1.1% WPC. STP had less cooking loss than all other treatments (P < 0.05). The STP treatment had greater protein bind (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, and the OF-DV treatment had greater protein bind than the WPC and NP treatments. The NP, STP, and WPC treatments were preferred (P < 0.05) over the OF-DV treatment. Application of WPC or OF-DV may help meat processors meet current clean label trends if the decrease in yields for chicken breast and deli hams and the decrease in firmness of texture in deli hams is acceptable to processors and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Morris
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - Y. L. Campbell
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | | | | | - J. B. Williams
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - T. Kim
- University of Wisconsin–Stout Food and Nutrition Department
| | - Thu T. N. Dinh
- Mississippi State University Department of Animal and Dairy Science
| | - Wes Schilling
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
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9
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Von Staden ME, Byron MD, Jarvis TR, Zhang X, Crist CA, Williams JB, Schilling MW. Impact of Woody Breast Severity on the Sensory Properties and Acceptability of Chicken Products. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe woody breast (WB) myopathy has caused economic losses in excess of $200 million annually to the poultry industry due to undesirable textural attributes and decreased functionality. This hardened muscle is also associated with other undesirable traits, such as white striping. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of WB severity and genetic strain on consumer acceptability and sensory attributes of baked and fried broiler breast meat and elucidate the consumer acceptability of tumble-marinated, fajita meat made from broilers with normal (NOR), moderate (MOD) and severe (SEV) WB meat.Materials and MethodsFor descriptive analysis (n = 7 panelists, 10 panels) on baked and fried chicken, 3 × 5 factorial arrangements within randomized complete block designs with four replications were utilized to evaluate three severities of woody breast and the five different genetic strains that are most commonly used in the poultry industry. When significant differences (P < 0.05) occurred among treatments, Duncan’s multiple range test was utilized to separate treatment means. For consumer acceptability of baked chicken (n = 123 panelists), fried chicken (n = 125 panelists), and fajita meat (n = 127 panelists), randomized complete block designs with two replications were used to determine the impact of strain and severity on acceptability.ResultsFor baked chicken, SEV breasts were chewier, juicier, crunchier, and more cohesive (P < 0.05) than NOR and MOD breast samples. For fried chicken, SEV breasts were less tender and chewier (P < 0.05) than NOR breasts. In addition, SEV breasts were more cohesive and juicier, but less mushy (P < 0.05) than NOR and MOD breasts. For fried chicken samples, SEV breasts were crunchier (P < 0.05) than MOD breasts, which were crunchier (P < 0.05) than NOR breasts. The texture and overall acceptability of NOR baked breasts and fajita meat were preferred by consumers (P < 0.05) over SEV breasts. In contrast, the SEV breasts were preferred (P < 0.05) over the NOR breast meat for the fried chicken formulation. No differences existed (P > 0.05) in acceptability among genetic strains in baked or fried chicken breasts. The baked chicken consumer panelists were divided into 7 distinct clusters based on their sensory evaluation ratings. Cluster analysis indicated that 49% of panelists preferred NOR breast fillets, 21% preferred SEV, and 30% had no preference between NOR and WB (MOD, SEV) samples. The fried chicken consumer panelists were divided into 5 clusters, of which 65% preferred WB (MOD, SEV) over NOR, 29% preferred strain B over strain A, and 11% preferred strain A over strain B. The fajita chicken meat consumer panelists were divided into 5 clusters, of which 75% of panelists liked NOR breast samples, 72% liked MOD samples, and 45% liked SEV samples.ConclusionResults indicated that WB severity had a greater impact on sensory attributes and consumer acceptability than genetic strain. Higher WB severity created an undesirable texture that negatively impacted the acceptability of baked meat. However, the increased crunchiness and cohesiveness due to woodiness had a positive impact on the fried chicken acceptability. Results indicated that a large percentage of consumers rated baked, fried, and fajita samples as acceptable regardless of whether NOR or WB (MOD, SEV) meat was used, but some consumers did not like baked or fajita meat that was made from SEV WB meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Von Staden
- Mississippi State University Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - M. D. Byron
- Mississippi State University Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - T. R. Jarvis
- Mississippi State University Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - X. Zhang
- Mississippi State University Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - C. A. Crist
- Mississippi State University Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - J. B. Williams
- Mississippi State University Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - M. W. Schilling
- Mississippi State University Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
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10
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Schilling MW, Pham-Mondala AJ, Dhowlaghar N, Campbell YL, Dinh TT, Tolentino AC, Williams JB, Xiong YL. Changes in the Volatile Composition of Fresh Pork Sausage with Natural Antioxidants During Long-Term Frozen Storage. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.03.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-rigor meat was formulated into fresh pork sausages with a combination of synthetic antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and propyl gallate) or the same synthetic antioxidants in combination with rosemary (R, 1500, 2000, 2500 mg/kg) and green tea (G, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg). Sausages were stored frozen (-20°C) for 15, 90, or 180 d followed by refrigerated storage (3 ± 1°C). The volatile compounds from these sausages were identified using solid phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography coupled with a mass selective detector (GC-MSD), and OSME-gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO-OSME). Fifty-five aroma compounds were identified from the headspace of pork sausage where spice-derived volatiles such as terpenes (α-pinene, α-thujene) and terpenoids (isopulegol, 1,8-cineole) were the most abundant compounds in the headspace of the fresh product (0 d). Aldehydes (heptanal, 2-heptenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal) and alcohols (1-octen-3-ol, 1-penten-3-ol) characteristic of lipid degradation and microbial metabolites (methanethiol, 3-methylbutanoic acid, acetoin) were associated with more intense odorants as the product neared the end of shelf life at 14 d of refrigerated storage. Incorporation of R resulted in lower levels of hexanal (cut grass) and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom) across all frozen storage periods. After 180 d of frozen storage, higher levels of G contained lower concentrations of ethanol (alcoholic), 3-methylbutanoic acid (sweaty), and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (popcorn). As R and G concentration increased in the sausage, there were greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of terpenes and less (P < 0.05) acetic acid throughout refrigerated storage. Incorporation of R resulted in less (P < 0.05) 2,4-decadienal (oxidized ginger-nutmeg), and methanethiol (sulfur) following 90 d of freezing. After 180 d frozen storage, higher levels of G led to less (P < 0.05) 3-methyl-1-butanol and methyl isovalerate (spoiled fruit). Enhanced protection by natural plant extract combinations was observed, especially beyond 90 d of frozen storage where oxidation associated aroma-impact volatiles were reduced in sausages with higher rosemary and/or green tea extract concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Schilling
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
| | - A. J. Pham-Mondala
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
| | - N. Dhowlaghar
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
| | - Y. L. Campbell
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
| | - T. T. Dinh
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
| | - A. C. Tolentino
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
| | - J. B. Williams
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
| | - Y. L. Xiong
- University of Kentucky Department of Animal and Food Sciences
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11
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Stefanakis AI, Bardiau M, Trajano D, Couceiro F, Williams JB, Taylor H. Presence of bacteria and bacteriophages in full-scale trickling filters and an aerated constructed wetland. Sci Total Environ 2019; 659:1135-1145. [PMID: 31096327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerated Constructed Wetlands are a state-of-the-art design that provides a different physical and chemical environment (compared to traditional passive wetland designs) for the wastewater treatment processes and, thus, may have different pathogen removal characteristics. In order to establish the fate of bacterial and viral indicators, a field study was carried out at a Sewage Treatment Works (STW) in the UK (serving 20,000 pe). The STW consists of primary and secondary sedimentation tanks and trickling filters (TF) as the biological stage. A large (1,160 m2) pilot aerated Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (AVFCW) was constructed at the STW as tertiary stage receiving ¼ of the total flow rate, i.e., 1250 m3/day. Effluent quality of the AVFCW complied with national and international standards for environmental discharge and reuse. For the first time, two sets of bacterial (Faecal coliforms, E.coli and intestinal enterococci) and viral indicators (Somatic coliphages, F-RNA specific bacteriophages and human-specific B. fragilis GB124 phages) were simultaneously investigated in an AVFCW and TF. High elimination rates were detected (up to 3.7 and 2.2 log reduction for bacteria indicators and phages, respectively) and strong correlations between the two sets were found. The superior efficiency of the aerated Constructed Wetlands in microbiological contamination removal compared to passive wetland systems was established for the first time, which may have implications for process selection for wastewater reuse. This field study therefore provides new evidence on the fate of bacteriophages and a first indication of their potential use for performance evaluation in TF and aerated Constructed Wetlands. It also demonstrates that the combination of TF with aerated constructed wetlands could be a novel and effective treatment scheme for new STW or for the upgrade of existing STW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Stefanakis
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
| | - M Bardiau
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - D Trajano
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - F Couceiro
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - J B Williams
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - H Taylor
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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12
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Staden MEV, Byron MD, Jarvis TR, Zhang X, Crist CA, Williams JB, Schilling MW. Impact of Woody Breast Severity on the Sensory Properties and Acceptability of Chicken Products. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Schilling MW, Pham AJ, Dhowlaghar N, Campbell YL, Williams JB, Xiong YL, Perez SM, Kin S. Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Extracts on Sensory Properties and Shelf-Life of Fresh Pork Sausage during Long-Term Frozen Storage and Subsequent Retail Display. Meat and Muscle Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2018.09.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality attributes of whole hog fresh pork sausages (28% fat) formulated with combinations of rosemary extract (R: 1500, 2000, 2500 ppm), green tea extract (G: 100, 200, 300 ppm), and synthetic antioxidants (approximately 0.02% BHA, BHT, and propyl gallate based on fat %) were evaluated after 0.5, 3, and 6 mo at –20°C followed by simulated retail display (3 ± 1°C) for up to 21 d. R and G delayed lipid oxidation across all frozen storage periods. The TBARS were reduced (P < 0.05) in treatments with higher amounts of R compared with the control (synthetic antioxidants only) after 6 mo of frozen storage. Volatile lipid oxidation products, including 2,4-decadienal were less abundant (P < 0.05) in sausages with higher concentrations of R following 3 mo of frozen storage. Greater concentrations of combined R and G extracts resulted in increased (P < 0.05) redness and yellowness and decreased (P < 0.05) lightness after 6 mo of storage. Higher concentrations of R enhanced (P < 0.05) chroma and slowed (P < 0.05) discoloration throughout 14 d of retail display after 3 and 6 mo of storage. Addition of R and G resulted in greater (P < 0.05) consumer acceptability than the control, which displayed spoilage and detectable rancidity by d 7 following 6 mo of storage in comparison to approximately 14 d for treatments with G and R. Pork, nutmeg, ginger, spice complex, and rosemary aromas were highest (P < 0.05) in sausages with increased concentrations of R following 0.5 and 3 mo of storage. Increasing green tea concentration reduced the intensities of ginger, copper-herbal, rancid, off-flavor and off-odor descriptors (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of R and G enhanced the shelf-life of fresh pork sausages throughout 6 mo of frozen storage and helped maintain their quality during retail display for up to 14 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Schilling
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - A. J. Pham
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - N. Dhowlaghar
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - Y. L. Campbell
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - J. B. Williams
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - Y. L. Xiong
- University of Kentucky Department of Animal and Food Sciences
| | - Saxon M. Perez
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - S. Kin
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
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14
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Grundmann S, Trinter F, Bray AW, Eckart S, Rist J, Kastirke G, Metz D, Klumpp S, Viefhaus J, Schmidt LPH, Williams JB, Dörner R, Jahnke T, Schöffler MS, Kheifets AS. Separating Dipole and Quadrupole Contributions to Single-Photon Double Ionization. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:173003. [PMID: 30411931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a kinematically complete measurement of double ionization of helium by a single 1100 eV circularly polarized photon. By exploiting dipole selection rules in the two-electron continuum state, we observed the angular emission pattern of electrons originating from a pure quadrupole transition. Our fully differential experimental data and companion ab initio nonperturbative theory show the separation of dipole and quadrupole contributions to photo-double-ionization and provide new insight into the nature of the quasifree mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A W Bray
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - S Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Metz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Klumpp
- FS-FLASH-D, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Viefhaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A S Kheifets
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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15
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Larsen KA, Trevisan CS, Lucchese RR, Heck S, Iskandar W, Champenois E, Gatton A, Moshammer R, Strom R, Severt T, Jochim B, Reedy D, Weller M, Landers AL, Williams JB, Ben-Itzhak I, Dörner R, Slaughter D, McCurdy CW, Weber T, Rescigno TN. Resonance signatures in the body-frame valence photoionization of CF4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21075-21084. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization of the 4t2 orbital of CF4 shows overlapping resonances close to threshold, leading to a striking inversion of the photoelectron angular distribution when viewed in the body-frame.
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16
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Waitz M, Bello RY, Metz D, Lower J, Trinter F, Schober C, Keiling M, Lenz U, Pitzer M, Mertens K, Martins M, Viefhaus J, Klumpp S, Weber T, Schmidt LPH, Williams JB, Schöffler MS, Serov VV, Kheifets AS, Argenti L, Palacios A, Martín F, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2266. [PMID: 29273745 PMCID: PMC5741688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The toolbox for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some techniques visualize the geometrical structure, others the electron density or electron orbitals. Molecules are many-body systems for which the correlation between the constituents is decisive and the spatial and the momentum distribution of one electron depends on those of the other electrons and the nuclei. Such correlations have escaped direct observation by imaging techniques so far. Here, we implement an imaging scheme which visualizes correlations between electrons by coincident detection of the reaction fragments after high energy photofragmentation. With this technique, we examine the H2 two-electron wave function in which electron–electron correlation beyond the mean-field level is prominent. We visualize the dependence of the wave function on the internuclear distance. High energy photoelectrons are shown to be a powerful tool for molecular imaging. Our study paves the way for future time resolved correlation imaging at FELs and laser based X-ray sources. Electron-electron correlation is a complex and interesting phenomenon that occurs in multi-electron systems. Here, the authors demonstrate the imaging of the correlated two-electron wave function in hydrogen molecule using the coincident detection of the electron and proton after the photoionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Y Bello
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Metz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Lower
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schober
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Keiling
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Lenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Universität Kassel, Heinr.-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - K Mertens
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Viefhaus
- FS-PE, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klumpp
- FS-FLASH-D, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V V Serov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A S Kheifets
- Research School of Physical Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - L Argenti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physics and CREOL College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - A Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileo de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Waitz M, Aslitürk D, Wechselberger N, Gill HK, Rist J, Wiegandt F, Goihl C, Kastirke G, Weller M, Bauer T, Metz D, Sturm FP, Voigtsberger J, Zeller S, Trinter F, Schiwietz G, Weber T, Williams JB, Schöffler MS, Schmidt LPH, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Erratum: Electron Localization in Dissociating H_{2}^{+} by Retroaction of a Photoelectron onto Its Source [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 043001 (2016)]. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:259901. [PMID: 28036223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.259901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.043001.
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18
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Waitz M, Metz D, Lower J, Schober C, Keiling M, Pitzer M, Mertens K, Martins M, Viefhaus J, Klumpp S, Weber T, Schmidt-Böcking H, Schmidt LPH, Morales F, Miyabe S, Rescigno TN, McCurdy CW, Martín F, Williams JB, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Two-Particle Interference of Electron Pairs on a Molecular Level. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:083002. [PMID: 27588854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the photodouble ionization of H_{2} molecules with 400 eV photons. We find that the emitted electrons do not show any sign of two-center interference fringes in their angular emission distributions if considered separately. In contrast, the quasiparticle consisting of both electrons (i.e., the "dielectron") does. The work highlights the fact that nonlocal effects are embedded everywhere in nature where many-particle processes are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Metz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Lower
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schober
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Keiling
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Universität Kassel, Heinr.-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - K Mertens
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Viefhaus
- FS-PE, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klumpp
- FS-FL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Schmidt-Böcking
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Morales
- Max-Born-Institut, Max Born Strasse 2 A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Miyabe
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T N Rescigno
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C W McCurdy
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Liu X, Marder K, Stern Y, Dooneief G, Bell K, Todak G, Joseph M, Elsadr W, Williams JB, Ehrhardt A, Stein Z, Mayeux R. Gender Differences in HIV-Related Neurological Progression in a Cohort of Injecting Drug Users Followed for 3.5 Years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:17-30. [PMID: 16873176 DOI: 10.1300/j128v01n04_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated potential gender differences in the development of HIV related neurologic impairment, by matching 38 pairs of HIV positive male and female injecting drug users on their baseline age, education, disease stage and CD4 counts, and following them for 3.5 years. Adjusting for age, education, drug use, history of head injury and baseline CD4 count, more women had sensory abnormalities and symptoms than men at baseline, but the odds of having neurological impairment, particularly extrapyramidal signs and sensory abnormalities were increased over time in men but not in women. Men with ARC or AIDS had more neurological impairment than women in similar stages of illness. This study suggests further investigations of gender differences in HIV disease progression.
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Gassert H, Chuluunbaatar O, Waitz M, Trinter F, Kim HK, Bauer T, Laucke A, Müller C, Voigtsberger J, Weller M, Rist J, Pitzer M, Zeller S, Jahnke T, Schmidt LPH, Williams JB, Zaytsev SA, Bulychev AA, Kouzakov KA, Schmidt-Böcking H, Dörner R, Popov YV, Schöffler MS. Agreement of Experiment and Theory on the Single Ionization of Helium by Fast Proton Impact. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:073201. [PMID: 26943532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though the study of ion-atom collisions is a mature field of atomic physics, large discrepancies between experiment and theoretical calculations are still common. Here we present experimental results with high momentum resolution on the single ionization of helium induced by 1-MeV protons, and we compare these to theoretical calculations. The overall agreement is strikingly good, and even the first Born approximation yields good agreement between theory and experiment. This has been expected for several decades, but so far has not been accomplished. The influence of projectile coherence effects on the measured data is briefly discussed in terms of an ongoing dispute on the existence of nodal structures in the electron angular emission distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gassert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - O Chuluunbaatar
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
- Institute of Mathematics, National University of Mongolia, 210646 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H-K Kim
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Bauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Laucke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ch Müller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - S A Zaytsev
- Department of Physics, Pacific State University, Tikhookeanskaya 136, Khabarovsk 680035, Russia
| | - A A Bulychev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - K A Kouzakov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - H Schmidt-Böcking
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yu V Popov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Waitz M, Aslitürk D, Wechselberger N, Gill HK, Rist J, Wiegandt F, Goihl C, Kastirke G, Weller M, Bauer T, Metz D, Sturm FP, Voigtsberger J, Zeller S, Trinter F, Schiwietz G, Weber T, Williams JB, Schöffler MS, Schmidt LPH, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Electron Localization in Dissociating H_{2}^{+} by Retroaction of a Photoelectron onto Its Source. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:043001. [PMID: 26871325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dissociation of H_{2}^{+} into a proton and a H^{0} after single ionization with photons of an energy close to the threshold. We find that the p^{+} and the H^{0} do not emerge symmetrically in the case of the H_{2}^{+} dissociating along the 1sσ_{g} ground state. Instead, a preference for the ejection of the p^{+} in the direction of the escaping photoelectron can be observed. This symmetry breaking is strongest for very small electron energies. Our experiment is consistent with a recent prediction by Serov and Kheifets [Phys. Rev. A 89, 031402 (2014)]. In their model, which treats the photoelectron classically, the symmetry breaking is induced by the retroaction of the long-range Coulomb potential onto the dissociating H_{2}^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Aslitürk
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Wechselberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H K Gill
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Wiegandt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Goihl
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Bauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Metz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F P Sturm
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Schiwietz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Institute G-ISRR, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J B Williams
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Popple T, Williams JB, May E, Mills GA, Oliver R. Evaluation of a sequencing batch reactor sewage treatment rig for investigating the fate of radioactively labelled pharmaceuticals: Case study of propranolol. Water Res 2016; 88:83-92. [PMID: 26476679 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are frequently detected in the aquatic environment, and have potentially damaging effects. Effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) are major sources of these substances. The use of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) STPs, involving cycling between aerobic and anoxic conditions to promote nitrification and denitrification, is increasing but these have yet to be understood in terms of removal of pharmaceutical residues. This study reports on the development of a laboratory rig to simulate a SBR. The rig was used to investigate the fate of radiolabelled propranolol. This is a commonly prescribed beta blocker, but with unresolved fate in STPs. The SBR rig (4.5 L) was operated on an 8 h batch cycle with settled sewage. Effective treatment was demonstrated, with clearly distinct treatment phases and evidence of nitrogen removal. Radiolabelled (14)C-propranolol was dosed into both single (closed) and continuous (flow-through) simulations over 13 SBR cycles. Radioactivity in CO2 off-gas, biomass and liquid was monitored, along with the characteristics of the sewage. This allowed apparent rate constants and coefficients for biodegradation and solid:water partitioning to be determined. Extrapolation from off-gas radioactivity measurements in the single dose 4-d study suggested that propranolol fell outside the definitions of being readily biodegradable (DegT50 = 9.1 d; 60% biodegradation at 12.0 d). During continuous dosing, 63-72% of propranolol was removed in the rig, but less than 4% of dose recovered as (14)CO2, suggesting that biodegradation was a minor process (Kbiol(M) L kg d(-1) = 22-49) and that adsorption onto solids dominated, giving rise to accumulations within biomass during the 17 d solid retention time in the SBR. Estimations of adsorption isotherm coefficients were different depending on which of three generally accepted denominators representing sorption sites was used (mixed liquor suspended solids, reactor COD or mass of waste activated sludge). With further development and evaluation, the rig developed for simulating SBR processes has potential to be used for informing better environmental risk assessments for those pharmaceuticals showing ambiguous results in field fate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Popple
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3AH, UK
| | - J B Williams
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3AH, UK.
| | - E May
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - G A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - R Oliver
- AstraZeneca Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon, TQ5 8BA, UK
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Salter PJ, Williams JB. Effects of Additions of Farmyard Manure and Peat on the Moisture Characteristics of a Sandy Loam Soil and on Crop Yields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00221589.1968.11514253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhao Y, Abbar S, Phillips TW, Williams JB, Smith BS, Schilling MW. Developing food-grade coatings for dry-cured hams to protect against ham mite infestation. Meat Sci 2015; 113:73-9. [PMID: 26624793 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dry-cured hams may become infested with ham mites, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, during the aging process. Methyl bromide is the only known available fumigant pesticide that is effective at controlling ham mite infestations in dry cured ham plants. However, methyl bromide will be phased out of all industries as early as 2015 due to its status as an ozone-depleting substance. Research was conducted to develop and evaluate the potential of using food-grade film coatings to control mite infestations, without affecting the aging process and sensory properties of the dry-cured hams. Cubes coated with xanthan gum+20% propylene glycol and carrageenan/propylene glycol alginate+10% propylene glycol were effective at controlling mite infestations under laboratory conditions. Water vapor permeability was measured to estimate the impact of coatings during the aging process. It was evident that carrageenan/propylene glycol alginate coatings were permeable to moisture, which potentially makes them usable during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - S Abbar
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - T W Phillips
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - B S Smith
- Hawkins, Inc., Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M W Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
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Kurve V, Joseph P, Williams JB, Boland HT, Riffell SK, Kim T, Schilling MW. The effect of feeding native warm-season grasses during the stocker phase on meat composition, quality characteristics, and sensory properties of loin steaks from forage-finished cattle1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2576-86. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schilling MW, Radhakrishnan V, Vizzier-Thaxton Y, Christensen K, Williams JB, Joseph P. Sensory quality of broiler breast meat influenced by low atmospheric pressure stunning, deboning time and cooking methods. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1379-88. [PMID: 25834250 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stunning method (low atmospheric pressure stunning, LAPS and electrical stunning, ES), deboning time (0.75 h and 4 h), and cooking method (baking, frying, and sous vide) were evaluated for their impact on the descriptive sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of breast meat (n=576, 144 birds per stunning × deboning time combination). Sensory evaluation was conducted by trained descriptive (n=8) and consumer (n=185) panels. On average, no differences (P>0.05) existed in the sensory acceptability of fried and sous vide cooked broiler breast treatment combinations. However, for oven-baking, the LAPS treatment that was deboned at 4 h was more acceptable (P<0.05) than other treatments and the ES and LAPS 4 h samples had greater (P<0.05) acceptability for texture than their ES and LAPS 0.75 h counterparts. Since consumers were highly variable in their liking of chicken breast treatments, consumers were grouped into clusters for each cooking method based on liking and preference. Cluster analysis data revealed that the largest groups of consumers liked (score≥6.0) all chicken breast treatments, but a larger proportion of consumers liked the 4 h LAPS and ES treatments when compared to the 0.75 h LAPS and ES treatments for all cooking methods. In addition, the consumers who indicated that baked chicken breast was highly acceptable preferred (P<0.05) 4 h LAPS over the 4 h ES samples. Based on sensory results, chicken breast meat from all stunning and deboning method combinations was highly acceptable to the majority of consumers, but the LAPS 4 h treatment had enhanced sensory characteristics when baked.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | | | - Y Vizzier-Thaxton
- Department of Poultry Science, Center for Food Animal Wellbeing, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - K Christensen
- Department of Poultry Science, Center for Food Animal Wellbeing, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - P Joseph
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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Voigtsberger J, Zeller S, Becht J, Neumann N, Sturm F, Kim HK, Waitz M, Trinter F, Kunitski M, Kalinin A, Wu J, Schöllkopf W, Bressanini D, Czasch A, Williams JB, Ullmann-Pfleger K, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler MS, Grisenti RE, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Imaging the structure of the trimer systems 4He3 and 3He4He2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5765. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Trinter F, Williams JB, Weller M, Waitz M, Pitzer M, Voigtsberger J, Schober C, Kastirke G, Müller C, Goihl C, Burzynski P, Wiegandt F, Wallauer R, Kalinin A, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler MS, Chiang YC, Gokhberg K, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Vibrationally resolved decay width of interatomic Coulombic decay in HeNe. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:233004. [PMID: 24476268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.233004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the ionization of HeNe from below the He 1s3p excitation to the He ionization threshold. We observe HeNe+ ions with an enhancement by more than a factor of 60 when the He side couples resonantly to the radiation field. These ions are an experimental proof of a two-center resonant photoionization mechanism predicted by Najjari et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 153002 (2010)]. Furthermore, our data provide electronic and vibrational state resolved decay widths of interatomic Coulombic decay in HeNe dimers. We find that the interatomic Coulombic decay lifetime strongly increases with increasing vibrational state.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Schober
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Goihl
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Burzynski
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F Wiegandt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Wallauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Kalinin
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Y-C Chiang
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Gokhberg
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Castleberry AW, Martin JT, Osho AA, Hartwig MG, Hashmi ZA, Zanotti G, Shaw LK, Williams JB, Lin SS, Davis RD. Coronary revascularization in lung transplant recipients with concomitant coronary artery disease. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2978-88. [PMID: 24102830 PMCID: PMC4332513 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is not uncommon among lung transplant candidates. Several small, single-center series have suggested that short-term outcomes are acceptable in selected patients who undergo coronary revascularization prior to, or concomitant with, lung transplantation. Our objective was to evaluate perioperative and intermediate-term outcomes in this patient population at our institution. We performed a retrospective, observational cohort analysis of 898 lung transplant recipients between 1997 and 2010. Pediatric, multivisceral, lobar or repeat transplantations were excluded, resulting in 791 patients for comparative analysis, of which 49 (median age 62, 79.6% bilateral transplant) underwent concurrent coronary artery bypass and 38 (median age 64, 63.2% bilateral transplant) received preoperative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Perioperative mortality, overall unadjusted survival and adjusted hazard ratio for cumulative risk of death were similar among both revascularization groups as well as controls. The rate of postoperative major adverse cardiac events was also similar among groups; however, concurrent coronary artery bypass was associated with longer postoperative length of stay, more time in the intensive care unit and more postoperative days requiring ventilator support. These results suggest that patients with CAD need not be excluded from lung transplantation. Preferential consideration should be given to preoperative PCI when feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. W. Castleberry
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Corresponding author: Anthony W. Castleberry,
| | - J. T. Martin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - A. A. Osho
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - M. G. Hartwig
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Z. A. Hashmi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - G. Zanotti
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - L. K. Shaw
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - J. B. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - S. S. Lin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Department of Immunology and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - R. D. Davis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Trinter F, Williams JB, Weller M, Waitz M, Pitzer M, Voigtsberger J, Schober C, Kastirke G, Müller C, Goihl C, Burzynski P, Wiegandt F, Bauer T, Wallauer R, Sann H, Kalinin A, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler M, Sisourat N, Jahnke T. Evolution of interatomic Coulombic decay in the time domain. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:093401. [PMID: 24033031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During the past 15 years a novel decay mechanism of excited atoms has been discovered and investigated. This so-called interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) involves the chemical environment of the electronically excited atom: the excitation energy is transferred (in many cases over long distances) to a neighbor of the initially excited particle usually ionizing that neighbor. It turned out that ICD is a very common decay route in nature as it occurs across van der Waals and hydrogen bonds. The time evolution of ICD is predicted to be highly complex, as its efficiency strongly depends on the distance of the atoms involved and this distance typically changes during the decay. Here we present the first direct measurement of the temporal evolution of ICD using a novel experimental approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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32
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Harskamp RE, Brennan JM, Gaca JG, Halkos ME, Peterson ED, Rao SV, Williams JB, De Winter RJ, Alexander JH, Lopes RD. A systematic review of outcomes related to hybrid coronary revascularization in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease in the drug-eluting stent era. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Moradmand A, Williams JB, Landers AL, Fogle M. Momentum-imaging apparatus for the study of dissociative electron attachment dynamics. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:033104. [PMID: 23556804 DOI: 10.1063/1.4794093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An ion-momentum spectrometer is used to study the dissociative dynamics of electron attachment to molecules. A skimmed, supersonic gas jet is crossed with a pulsed beam of low-energy electrons, and the resulting negative ions are extracted toward a time- and position-sensitive detector. Calculations of the momentum in three dimensions may be used to determine the angular dependence of dissociative attachment as well as the energetics of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moradmand
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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Williams JB, Clarkson C, Mant C, Drinkwater A, May E. Fat, oil and grease deposits in sewers: characterisation of deposits and formation mechanisms. Water Res 2012; 46:6319-6328. [PMID: 23039918 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fat, oil and grease deposits (FOG) in sewers are a major problem and can cause sewer overflows, resulting in environmental damage and health risks. Often simplistically portrayed as cooling of fats, recent research has suggested that saponification may be involved in FOG formation. However there are still questions about the mechanisms effecting transformations in sewers and the role and source of metal cations involved in saponification. This study characterises FOG deposits from pumping stations, sewers and sewage works from different water hardness zones across the UK. The sites all had previous problems with FOG and most catchments contained catering and food preparation establishments. The FOG deposits were highly variable with moisture content ranging from 15 to 95% and oil content from 0 to 548 mg/g. Generally the pumping stations had lower moisture content and higher fat content, followed by the sewers then the sewage works. The water in contact with the FOG had high levels of oil (mean of about 800 mg/L) and this may indicate poor kitchen FOG management practices. FOG fatty acid profiles showed a transformation from unsaturated to saturated forms compared to typical cooking oils. This seems to relate to ageing in the sewer network or the mechanism of formation, as samples from pumping stations had higher proportions of C18:1 compared to C16. This may be due to microbial transformations by bacteria such as Clostridium sp. in a similar process to adipocere formation. There was an association between water hardness and increased Ca levels in FOG along with harder deposits and higher melting points. A link between FOG properties and water hardness has not been previously reported for field samples. This may also be due to microbial processes, such as biocalcification. By developing the understanding of these mechanisms it may be possible to more effectively control FOG deposits, especially when combined with promotion of behavioural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Williams
- University of Portsmouth, School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Portsmouth, Hants, UK.
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Williams JB, Trevisan CS, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Bocharova I, Kim H, Ulrich B, Wallauer R, Sturm F, Rescigno TN, Belkacem A, Dörner R, Weber T, McCurdy CW, Landers AL. Imaging polyatomic molecules in three dimensions using molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:233002. [PMID: 23003951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.233002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method for determining the full three-dimensional molecular-frame photoelectron angular distribution in polyatomic molecules using methane as a prototype. Simultaneous double Auger decay and subsequent dissociation allow measurement of the initial momentum vectors of the ionic fragments and the photoelectron in coincidence, allowing full orientation by observing a three-ion decay pathway, (H+, H+, CH2(+)). We find the striking result that at low photoelectron energies the molecule is effectively imaged by the focusing of photoelectrons along bond directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Williams
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Williams JB. Energy expenditure and water flux of free-living Dune Larks in the Namib: a test of the reallocation hypothesis on a desert bird. Funct Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Majumdar D, Maunsbach AB, Shacka JJ, Williams JB, Berger UV, Schultz KP, Harkins LE, Boron WF, Roth KA, Bevensee MO. Localization of electrogenic Na/bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 variants in rat brain. Neuroscience 2008; 155:818-32. [PMID: 18582537 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The activity of HCO(3)(-) transporters contributes to the acid-base environment of the nervous system. In the present study, we used in situ hybridization, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunogold electron microscopy to localize electrogenic Na/bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 splice variants (-A, -B, and -C) in rat brain. The in situ hybridization data are consistent with NBCe1-B and -C, but not -A, being the predominant NBCe1 variants in brain, particularly in the cerebellum, hippocampus, piriform cortex, and olfactory bulb. An antisense probe to the B and C variants strongly labeled granule neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and cells in the granule layer and Purkinje layer (e.g. Bergmann glia) of the cerebellum. Weaker labeling was observed in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus and in astrocytes throughout the brain. Similar, but weaker labeling was obtained with an antisense probe to the A and B variants. In immunoblot studies, antibodies to the A and B variants (alphaA/B) and C variant (alphaC) labeled approximately 130-kDa proteins in various brain regions. From immunohistochemistry data, both alphaA/B and alphaC exhibited diffuse labeling throughout brain, but alphaA/B labeling was more intracellular and punctate. Based on co-localization studies with antibodies to neuronal or astrocytic markers, alphaA/B labeled neurons in the pyramidal layer and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, as well as cortex. alphaC labeled glia surrounding neurons (and possibly neurons) in the neuropil of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, the pyramidal cell layer and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the cortex. According to electron microscopy data from the cerebellum, alphaA/B primarily labeled neurons intracellularly and alphaC labeled astrocytes at the plasma membrane. In summary, the B and C variants are the predominant NBCe1 variants in rat brain and exhibit different localization profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Majumdar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, 812 MCLM, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Schöffler MS, Titze J, Petridis N, Jahnke T, Cole K, Schmidt LPH, Czasch A, Akoury D, Jagutzki O, Williams JB, Cherepkov NA, Semenov SK, McCurdy CW, Rescigno TN, Cocke CL, Osipov T, Lee S, Prior MH, Belkacem A, Landers AL, Schmidt-Böcking H, Weber T, Dörner R. Ultrafast probing of core hole localization in N2. Science 2008; 320:920-3. [PMID: 18487190 DOI: 10.1126/science.1154989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although valence electrons are clearly delocalized in molecular bonding frameworks, chemists and physicists have long debated the question of whether the core vacancy created in a homonuclear diatomic molecule by absorption of a single x-ray photon is localized on one atom or delocalized over both. We have been able to clarify this question with an experiment that uses Auger electron angular emission patterns from molecular nitrogen after inner-shell ionization as an ultrafast probe of hole localization. The experiment, along with the accompanying theory, shows that observation of symmetry breaking (localization) or preservation (delocalization) depends on how the quantum entangled Bell state created by Auger decay is detected by the measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Shi ZD, Shao XB, Chen N, Yu YC, Bi YZ, Liang SD, Williams JB, Taouis M. Effects of immunisation against leptin on feed intake, weight gain, fat deposition and laying performance in chickens. Br Poult Sci 2007; 47:88-94. [PMID: 16546802 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500475319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of leptin on weight gain and body composition in laying hens. 2. The effects of immunisation against chicken leptin on feed intake (FI), fat deposition and laying rate were observed in laying Guangdong yellow-feathered hens. Ten hens were inoculated with leptin immunogen on d 3, 31, 63 and 84, together with 10 control hens immunised with bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the 100-d experiment, immunisation against leptin increased blood anti-leptin antibody titres, slightly reduced plasma T3 concentrations, slightly decreased FI and increased live weight; however, laying rate was significantly depressed and abdominal fat mass was increased by the end of the 100-d experiment. 3. Passive immunisation of 50-d-old pullets with yolk extract containing anti-leptin antibody IgY significantly increased FI within 6 h of treatment compared with physiological saline treated controls. 4. In growing 70-d-old pullets, inoculation with 0.5 (group 1) or 1 (group 2) ml leptin immunogen on d 1 and 28 of the experiment slightly increased FI and significantly increased daily gain compared with BSA-immunised control pullets. Abdominal fat mass on d 49 increased from 48+/-4.5 g in controls to 66+/-3.5 and 80+/-3.1 g in groups 1 and 2, respectively. 5. It was suggested that immunisation against leptin mimicked loss of leptin bioactivity and might become a novel technique to stimulate fat growth in certain types of animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z D Shi
- Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
There are currently no models of exercise that recruit and train muscles, such as the rat spinotrapezius, that are suitable for transmission intravital microscopic investigation of the microcirculation. Recent experimental evidence supports the concept that running downhill on a motorized treadmill recruits the spinotrapezius muscle of the rat. Based on these results, we tested the hypothesis that 6 wk of downhill running (-14 degrees grade) for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, at a speed of up to 35 m/min, would 1) increase whole body peak oxygen uptake (Vo(2 peak)), 2) increase spinotrapezius citrate synthase activity, and 3) reduce the fatigability of the spinotrapezius during electrically induced 1-Hz submaximal tetanic contractions. Trained rats (n = 6) elicited a 24% higher Vo(2 peak) (in ml.min(-1).kg(-1): sedentary 58.5 +/- 2.0, trained 72.7 +/- 2.0; P < 0.001) and a 41% greater spinotrapezius citrate synthase activity (in mumol.min(-1).g(-1): sedentary 14.1 +/- 0.7, trained 19.9 +/- 0.9; P < 0.001) compared with sedentary controls (n = 6). In addition, at the end of 15 min of electrical stimulation, trained rats sustained a greater percentage of the initial tension than their sedentary counterparts (control 34.3 +/- 3.1%, trained 59.0 +/- 7.2%; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that downhill running is successful in promoting training adaptations in the spinotrapezius muscle, including increased oxidative capacity and resistance to fatigue. Since the spinotrapezius muscle is commonly used in studies using intravital microscopy to examine microcirculatory function at rest and during contractions, our results suggest that downhill running is an effective training paradigm that can be used to investigate the mechanisms for improved microcirculatory function following exercise training in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hahn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA
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Naylor CG, Staples CA, Klecka GM, Williams JB, Varineau PT, Cady C. Biodegradation of [(14)C] ring-labeled nonylphenol ethoxylate. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2006; 51:11-20. [PMID: 16485172 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-005-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) and the 9-mole ethoxylate of nonylphenol (NPE9) were synthesized with a uniform radioactive (14)C label in the aromatic ring. The [(14)C]NP isomer distribution and [(14)C]NPE9 oligomer distribution closely matched that of commercial NPE9. Biodegradation of [(14)C]NPE9 was examined under conditions simulating a river water environment, and changes in the oligomer distribution and mineralization to (14)CO(2) were monitored for 128 days. Over 40% of the [(14)C]NPE aromatic ring carbon was converted to (14)CO(2) and another 21% was incorporated into the biomass. Primary degradation of NPE (conversion to metabolites other than NP, NPE ethoxylates, and NPE carboxylates) was estimated to be 87-97%. NP was a minor metabolite, accounting for less than 0.4% of the initial NPE. These studies demonstrate that the phenolic ring of NPE is opened, metabolized, and mineralized in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Naylor
- Huntsman Corporation, 8103 Forest Mesa Drive, Austin, TX 78759, USA.
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Williams JB. Endothelial Microparticles as a Marker of Endothelial Injury in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Acad Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2006.03.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pontier H, Williams JB, May E. Progressive changes in water and sediment quality in a wetland system for control of highway runoff. Sci Total Environ 2004; 319:215-224. [PMID: 14967512 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2002] [Revised: 06/18/2003] [Accepted: 06/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Innovative wetland based systems were designed and installed on the Newbury Bypass, Berkshire, England to provide flow balancing and pollution control for road runoff. The systems were monitored over 18 months to evaluate performance, pollutant removal processes and offer improved design and operation codes for this new application of wetlands. Water quality, sediment accumulation rates, and metal concentrations in size-fractionated, settling solids and deposited sediments were determined in parts of the system to provide information on spatial and temporal variability. The results presented here show that over the long term, there were progressive changes in parts of the system for BOD and COD and for metal concentrations in the sediment fractions, which occurred with linear (or semi log-linear) rates, despite variability in flow rates, retention times and in pollutant loading to the system. Future work will continue monitoring to increase the data set, examine possible processes contributing to the regression constants, and test the potential use of the regressions in system modelling. Attempts at modelling road runoff treatment using wetlands must allow for progressions, since the systems can only be effective if they retain removed metals in the sediment sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pontier
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Lion Gate Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, Hants, PO1 3HF, UK
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Williams JB, Muñoz-Garcia A, Ostrowski S, Tieleman BI. A phylogenetic analysis of basal metabolism, total evaporative water loss, and life-history among foxes from desert and mesic regions. J Comp Physiol B 2004; 174:29-39. [PMID: 14564467 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-003-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We measured basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total evaporative water loss (TEWL) of species of foxes that exist on the Arabian Peninsula, Blanford's fox (Vulpes cana) and two subspecies of Red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Combining these data with that on other canids from the literature, we searched for specialization of physiological traits among desert foxes using both conventional least squares regression and regressions based on phylogenetic independent contrasts. Further, we explored the consequences of reduced body size of foxes on life history parameters such as litter size and neonate mass. For Blanford's foxes, Red foxes from the central desert of Arabia, and Red foxes from the more mesic Asir mountains, body mass averaged 1,285 +/- 52 g, 1,967 +/- 289 g, and 3,060 +/- 482 g, respectively, whereas mean BMR, during summer, was 304.5 +/- 32.3 kJ/day, 418.0 +/- 32.4 kJ/day, and 724.1 +/- 120.2 kJ/day (+/- SD). An analysis of covariance with body mass as a covariate showed no statistical differences in BMR among foxes. Analysis of covariance indicated that Red fox from the Asir mountains had a higher TEWL than Red foxes from central Arabia or than Blanford's foxes also from the mountains. Comparisons of all species of desert and mesic foxes showed no significant differences in BMR, nor did desert foxes have a significantly lower BMR than other carnivores. TEWL of desert foxes was lower than other more mesic carnivores; deviations in TEWL ranged from -17.7% for the Fennec fox (Fennecus zerda) to -57.4% for the Kit fox (Vulpes velox). Although desert foxes have a BMR comparable to other more mesic species, it appears that desert foxes do have a smaller body mass, lowering overall energy requirements. We attribute this reduction in body size to the "resource limitation hypothesis" whereby natural selection favors smaller individuals in a resource-limited environment, especially during periods of severe food shortage. However, until common garden experiments are performed, developmental plasticity and acclimation cannot be ruled out as contributors to this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Williams
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Pontier H, Williams JB, May E. Behaviour of metals associated with sediments in a wetland based system for road runoff control. Water Sci Technol 2003; 48:291-298. [PMID: 14621176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Innovative road runoff control systems, which combined flow-balancing basins with constructed wetlands, on the recently constructed Newbury Bypass were monitored over 18 months. The results have shown that despite variability in the pollutant loadings, the system generally promoted removal and accumulation of sediments and associated metals. The correlation structure of the data set indicated possible removal processes, and enabled interpretation of the behaviour of these pollutants. Correlation of metal content in settling solids between successive upstream and downstream parts of the wetland gave indications of potential regression models for metal behaviour, despite variability in flows, pollutant loadings, and other conditions. Other findings suggested that the combined flow balancing and pollutant removal functions could be improved by avoiding transport of sediments, fluctuations in conditions and by the promotion of processes favouring metal retention by bed deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pontier
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Lion Gate Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 3HF, UK.
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Abstract
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) has become the most widely used depression severity rating scale in the world. It was originally published by Max Hamilton in 1960 to measure severity of depression in previously diagnosed depressed inpatients. Since that time, multiple versions of the scale have been created, although authors are rarely clear about which version they used. In addition, structured interview guides, self-report forms, and computerized versions have been developed in an effort to standardize administration of the scale and improve the psychometric characteristics of the individual items. The history of the development of these features is discussed, and the various versions of the scale are summarized in tables. This article is a fitting tribute to Per Bech, who has contributed so much to the assessment of depression severity.
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Johnson JG, Alloy LB, Panzarella C, Metalsky GI, Rabkin JG, Williams JB, Abramson LY. Hopelessness as a mediator of the association between social support and depressive symptoms: findings of a study of men with HIV. J Consult Clin Psychol 2002. [PMID: 11777109 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.69.6.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Data from a prospective longitudinal study were used to investigate whether hopelessness mediates the association between social support and depression, as hypothesized by L. Y. Abramson, G. I. Metalsky, and L. B. Alloy (1989). Measures of hopelessness, social support, and depression were administered to 103 HIV-infected men and readministered 6 months later. Findings indicated that low baseline social support predicted increases in hopelessness and depression. Increases in hopelessness predicted increases in depression after controlling for baseline social support. Low baseline social support did not predict increased depression when hopelessness was controlled statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Johnson
- Biometrics Research Unit, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA.
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