1
|
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. J. Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Patra S, Germann M, Karr JP, Haidar M, Hilico L, Korobov VI, Cozijn FMJ, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W, Koelemeij JCJ. Proton-electron mass ratio from laser spectroscopy of HD+ at the part-per-trillion level. Science 2020; 369:1238-1241. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent mass measurements of light atomic nuclei in Penning traps have indicated possible inconsistencies in closely related physical constants such as the proton-electron and deuteron-proton mass ratios. These quantities also influence the predicted vibrational spectrum of the deuterated molecular hydrogen ion (HD+) in its electronic ground state. We used Doppler-free two-photon laser spectroscopy to measure the frequency of the v = 0→9 overtone transition (v, vibrational quantum number) of this spectrum with an uncertainty of 2.9 parts per trillion. By leveraging high-precision ab initio calculations, we converted our measurement to tight constraints on the proton-electron and deuteron-proton mass ratios, consistent with the most recent Penning trap determinations of these quantities. This results in a precision of 21 parts per trillion for the value of the proton-electron mass ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Patra
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Germann
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J.-Ph. Karr
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Département de Physique, Université d’Evry–Val d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - M. Haidar
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L. Hilico
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Département de Physique, Université d’Evry–Val d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - V. I. Korobov
- Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - F. M. J. Cozijn
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K. S. E. Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ARCNL (Advanced Research Centre for Nanolithography), 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ARCNL (Advanced Research Centre for Nanolithography), 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. C. J. Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peek HZ, Pinkert TJ, Jansweijer PPM, Koelemeij JCJ. Measurement of optical to electrical and electrical to optical delays with ps-level uncertainty. Opt Express 2018; 26:14650-14660. [PMID: 29877402 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.014650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new measurement principle to determine the absolute time delay of a waveform from an optical reference plane to an electrical reference plane and vice versa. We demonstrate a method based on this principle with 2 ps uncertainty. This method can be used to perform accurate time delay determinations of optical transceivers used in fiber-optic time-dissemination equipment. As a result the time scales in optical and electrical domain can be related to each other with the same uncertainty. We expect this method will be a new breakthrough in high-accuracy time transfer and absolute calibration of time-transfer equipment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Korobov VI, Koelemeij JCJ, Hilico L, Karr JP. Theoretical Hyperfine Structure of the Molecular Hydrogen Ion at the 1 ppm Level. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:053003. [PMID: 26894709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.053003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the mα^{6}(m/M) order corrections to the hyperfine splitting in the H_{2}^{+} ion and find a hitherto unrecognized second-order relativistic contribution associated with the vibrational motion of the nuclei. Inclusion of this correction term produces theoretical predictions which are in excellent agreement with experimental data [K. B. Jefferts, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1476 (1969)], thereby concluding a nearly 50-year-long theoretical quest to explain the experimental results within their 1-ppm error. The agreement between the theory and experiment corroborates the proton structural properties as derived from the hyperfine structure of atomic hydrogen. Our work furthermore indicates that, for future improvements, a full three-body evaluation of the mα^{6}(m/M) correction term will be mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Korobov
- Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - J C J Koelemeij
- LaserLaB and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Hilico
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France and Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Boulevard François Mitterrand, F-91000 Evry, France
| | - J-Ph Karr
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France and Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Boulevard François Mitterrand, F-91000 Evry, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biesheuvel J, Karr JP, Hilico L, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W, Koelemeij JCJ. Probing QED and fundamental constants through laser spectroscopy of vibrational transitions in HD(.). Nat Commun 2016; 7:10385. [PMID: 26815886 PMCID: PMC4737800 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The simplest molecules in nature, molecular hydrogen ions in the form of H2(+) and HD(+), provide an important benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex forms of matter. Here, we report on such a test based on a frequency measurement of a vibrational overtone transition in HD(+) by laser spectroscopy. We find that the theoretical and experimental frequencies are equal to within 0.6(1.1) parts per billion, which represents the most stringent test of molecular theory so far. Our measurement not only confirms the validity of high-order quantum electrodynamics in molecules, but also enables the long predicted determination of the proton-to-electron mass ratio from a molecular system, as well as improved constraints on hypothetical fifth forces and compactified higher dimensions at the molecular scale. With the perspective of comparisons between theory and experiment at the 0.01 part-per-billion level, our work demonstrates the potential of molecular hydrogen ions as a probe of fundamental physical constants and laws.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Biesheuvel
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - J.-Ph. Karr
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
- Département de Physique, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Boulevard François Mitterrand, 91025 Evry, France
| | - L. Hilico
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
- Département de Physique, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Boulevard François Mitterrand, 91025 Evry, France
| | - K. S. E. Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. J. Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pinkert TJ, Böll O, Willmann L, Jansen GSM, Dijck EA, Groeneveld BGHM, Smets R, Bosveld FC, Ubachs W, Jungmann K, Eikema KSE, Koelemeij JCJ. Effect of soil temperature on optical frequency transfer through unidirectional dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing fiber-optic links. Appl Opt 2015; 54:728-738. [PMID: 25967781 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Results of optical frequency transfer over a carrier-grade dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) optical fiber network are presented. The relation between soil temperature changes on a buried optical fiber and frequency changes of an optical carrier through the fiber is modeled. Soil temperatures, measured at various depths by the Royal Netherlands Meteorology Institute (KNMI) are compared with observed frequency variations through this model. A comparison of a nine-day record of optical frequency measurements through the 2×298 km fiber link with soil temperature data shows qualitative agreement. A soil temperature model is used to predict the link stability over longer periods (days-months-years). We show that optical frequency dissemination is sufficiently stable to distribute and compare, e.g., rubidium frequency standards over standard DWDM optical fiber networks using unidirectional fibers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sotiropoulos N, Okonkwo CM, Nuijts R, de Waardt H, Koelemeij JCJ. Delivering 10 Gb/s optical data with picosecond timing uncertainty over 75 km distance. Opt Express 2013; 21:32643-32654. [PMID: 24514858 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.032643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a method to determine propagation delays of optical 10 Gb/s data traveling through a 75 km long amplified fiber link with an uncertainty of 4 ps. The one-way propagation delay is determined by two-way exchange and cross correlation of short (< 1 ms) bursts of 10 Gb/s data, with a single-shot time resolution better than 2.5 ps. We thus achieve a novel optical communications link suited for both long-haul high-capacity data transfer and time transfer with picosecond-range uncertainty. This opens up the perspective of synchronized optical telecommunication networks allowing picosecond-range time distribution and millimeter-range positioning.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cozijn FMJ, Biesheuvel J, Flores AS, Ubachs W, Blume G, Wicht A, Paschke K, Erbert G, Koelemeij JCJ. Laser cooling of beryllium ions using a frequency-doubled 626 nm diode laser. Opt Lett 2013; 38:2370-2372. [PMID: 23811931 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate laser cooling of trapped beryllium ions at 313 nm using a frequency-doubled extended cavity diode laser operated at 626 nm, obtained by cooling a ridge waveguide diode laser chip to -31°C. Up to 32 mW of narrowband 626 nm laser radiation is obtained. After passage through an optical isolator and beam shaping optics, 14 mW of 626 nm power remains of which 70% is coupled into an external enhancement cavity containing a nonlinear crystal for second-harmonic generation. We produce up to 35 μW of 313 nm radiation, which is subsequently used to laser cool and detect 6×10(2) beryllium ions, stored in a linear Paul trap, to a temperature of about 10 mK, as evidenced by the formation of Coulomb crystals. Our setup offers a simple and affordable alternative for Doppler cooling, optical pumping, and detection to presently used laser systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M J Cozijn
- LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Biesheuvel J, Noom DWE, Salumbides EJ, Sheridan KT, Ubachs W, Koelemeij JCJ. Widely tunable laser frequency offset lock with 30 GHz range and 5 THz offset. Opt Express 2013; 21:14008-14016. [PMID: 23787591 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.014008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple and versatile method to greatly extend the tuning range of optical frequency shifting devices, such as acousto-optic modulators (AOMs). We use this method to stabilize the frequency of a tunable narrow-band continuous-wave (CW) laser to a transmission maximum of an external Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with a tunable frequency offset. This is achieved through a servo loop which contains an in-loop AOM for simple radiofrequency (RF) tuning of the optical frequency over the full 30 GHz mode-hop-free tuning range of the CW laser. By stabilizing the length of the FPI to a stabilized helium-neon (HeNe) laser (at 5 THz offset from the tunable laser) we simultaneously transfer the ~ 1 MHz absolute frequency stability of the HeNe laser to the entire 30 GHz range of the tunable laser. Thus, our method allows simple, wide-range, fast and reproducible optical frequency tuning and absolute optical frequency measurements through RF electronics, which is here demonstrated by repeatedly recording a 27-GHz-wide molecular iodine spectrum at scan rates up to 500 MHz/s. General technical aspects that determine the performance of the method are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Biesheuvel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chou CW, Hume DB, Koelemeij JCJ, Wineland DJ, Rosenband T. Frequency comparison of two high-accuracy Al+ optical clocks. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:070802. [PMID: 20366869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed an optical clock with a fractional frequency inaccuracy of 8.6x10{-18}, based on quantum logic spectroscopy of an Al+ ion. A simultaneously trapped Mg+ ion serves to sympathetically laser cool the Al+ ion and detect its quantum state. The frequency of the {1}S{0}<-->{3}P{0} clock transition is compared to that of a previously constructed Al+ optical clock with a statistical measurement uncertainty of 7.0x10{-18}. The two clocks exhibit a relative stability of 2.8x10{-15}tau{-1/2}, and a fractional frequency difference of -1.8x10{-17}, consistent with the accuracy limit of the older clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Chou
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosenband T, Schmidt PO, Hume DB, Itano WM, Fortier TM, Stalnaker JE, Kim K, Diddams SA, Koelemeij JCJ, Bergquist JC, Wineland DJ. Observation of the 1S0-->3P0 clock transition in 27Al+. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:220801. [PMID: 17677830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.220801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, laser spectroscopy of the 1S0-->3P0 clock transition in 27Al+. A single aluminum ion and a single beryllium ion are simultaneously confined in a linear Paul trap, coupled by their mutual Coulomb repulsion. This coupling allows the beryllium ion to sympathetically cool the aluminum ion and also enables transfer of the aluminum's electronic state to the beryllium's hyperfine state, which can be measured with high fidelity. These techniques are applied to measure the clock transition frequency nu=1,121,015,393,207,851(6) Hz. They are also used to measure the lifetime of the metastable clock state tau=20.6+/-1.4 s, the ground state 1S0 g factor gS=-0.000,792,48(14), and the excited state 3P0 g factor gP=-0.001,976,86(21), in units of the Bohr magneton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Rosenband
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schmidt PO, Rosenband T, Koelemeij JCJ, Hume DB, Itano WM, Bergquist JC, Wineland DJ. Spectroscopy of atomic and molecular ions using quantum logic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2387937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|