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Hu X, Kim H, Zheng S, Mikkelsen T, Scarpace L, Wang Q, Yoshihara K, Weinstein JN, Verhaak RGW. GE-14 * TRANSCRIPTOMICPLASTICITYIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou256.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Verhaak RGW, Kim H, Zheng S, Amini SS, Virk SM, Mikkelsen T, Brat DJ, Grimsby J, Sougnez C, Muller F, Hu J, Sloan AE, Cohen ML, Van Meir EG, Scarpace L, Laird PW, Weinstein JN, Lander E, Gabriel S, Getz G, Meyerson M, Chin L, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. THE P53 PATHWAY AND ANCESTRAL PROGENITORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOR RECURRENCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou206.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Adachi K, Sasaki H, Nagahisa S, Yoshida K, Hattori N, Nishiyama Y, Kawase T, Hasegawa M, Abe M, Hirose Y, Alentorn A, Marie Y, Poggioli S, Alshehhi H, Boisselier B, Carpentier C, Mokhtari K, Capelle L, Figarella-Branger D, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Yust-Katz S, Anderson M, Olar A, Eterovic A, Ezzeddine N, Chen K, Zhao H, Fuller G, Aldape K, de Groot J, Andor N, Harness J, Lopez SG, Fung TL, Mewes HW, Petritsch C, Arivazhagan A, Somasundaram K, Thennarasu K, Pandey P, Anandh B, Santosh V, Chandramouli B, Hegde A, Kondaiah P, Rao M, Bell R, Kang R, Hong C, Song J, Costello J, Bell R, Nagarajan R, Zhang B, Diaz A, Wang T, Song J, Costello J, Bie L, Li Y, Li Y, Liu H, Luyo WFC, Carnero MH, Iruegas MEP, Morell AR, Figueiras MC, Lopez RL, Valverde CF, Chan AKY, Pang JCS, Chung NYF, Li KKW, Poon WS, Chan DTM, Wang Y, Ng HAK, Chaumeil M, Larson P, Yoshihara H, Vigneron D, Nelson S, Pieper R, Phillips J, Ronen S, Clark V, Omay ZE, Serin A, Gunel J, Omay B, Grady C, Youngblood M, Bilguvar K, Baehring J, Piepmeier J, Gutin P, Vortmeyer A, Brennan C, Pamir MN, Kilic T, Krischek B, Simon M, Yasuno K, Gunel M, Cohen AL, Sato M, Aldape KD, Mason C, Diefes K, Heathcock L, Abegglen L, Shrieve D, Couldwell W, Schiffman JD, Colman H, D'Alessandris QG, Cenci T, Martini M, Ricci-Vitiani L, De Maria R, Larocca LM, Pallini R, de Groot J, Theeler B, Aldape K, Lang F, Rao G, Gilbert M, Sulman E, Luthra R, Eterovic K, Chen K, Routbort M, Verhaak R, Mills G, Mendelsohn J, Meric-Bernstam F, Yung A, MacArthur K, Hahn S, Kao G, Lustig R, Alonso-Basanta M, Chandrasekaran S, Wileyto EP, Reyes E, Dorsey J, Fujii K, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Kaur B, Chiocca EA, Date I, Geisenberger C, Mock A, Warta R, Schwager C, Hartmann C, von Deimling A, Abdollahi A, Herold-Mende C, Gevaert O, Achrol A, Gholamin S, Mitra S, Westbroek E, Loya J, Mitchell L, Chang S, Steinberg G, Plevritis S, Cheshier S, Gevaert O, Mitchell L, Achrol A, Xu J, Steinberg G, Cheshier S, Napel S, Zaharchuk G, Plevritis S, Gevaert O, Achrol A, Chang S, Harsh G, Steinberg G, Cheshier S, Plevritis S, Gutman D, Holder C, Colen R, Dunn W, Jain R, Cooper L, Hwang S, Flanders A, Brat D, Hayes J, Droop A, Thygesen H, Boissinot M, Westhead D, Short S, Lawler S, Bady P, Kurscheid S, Delorenzi M, Hegi ME, Crosby C, Faulkner C, Smye-Rumsby T, Kurian K, Williams M, Hopkins K, Faulkner C, Palmer A, Williams H, Wragg C, Haynes HR, Williams M, Hopkins K, Kurian KM, Haynes HR, Crosby C, Williams H, White P, Hopkins K, Williams M, Kurian KM, Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Date I, Jalbert L, Elkhaled A, Phillips J, Chang S, Nelson S, Jensen R, Salzman K, Schabel M, Gillespie D, Mumert M, Johnson B, Mazor T, Hong C, Barnes M, Yamamoto S, Ueda H, Tatsuno K, Aihara K, Jalbert L, Nelson S, Bollen A, Hirst M, Marra M, Mukasa A, Saito N, Aburatani H, Berger M, Chang S, Taylor B, Costello J, Popov S, Mackay A, Ingram W, Burford A, Jury A, Vinci M, Jones C, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Picelli S, Wang W, Northcott PA, Kool M, Reifenberger G, Pietsch T, Sultan M, Lehrach H, Yaspo ML, Borkhardt A, Landgraf P, Eils R, Korshunov A, Zapatka M, Radlwimmer B, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Joy A, Smirnov I, Reiser M, Shapiro W, Mills G, Kim S, Feuerstein B, Jungk C, Mock A, Geisenberger C, Warta R, Friauf S, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Juratli TA, McElroy J, Meng W, Huebner A, Geiger KD, Krex D, Schackert G, Chakravarti A, Lautenschlaeger T, Kim BY, Jiang W, Beiko J, Prabhu S, DeMonte F, Lang F, Gilbert M, Aldape K, Sawaya R, Cahill D, McCutcheon I, Lau C, Wang L, Terashima K, Yamaguchi S, Burstein M, Sun J, Suzuki T, Nishikawa R, Nakamura H, Natsume A, Terasaka S, Ng HK, Muzny D, Gibbs R, Wheeler D, Lautenschlaeger T, Juratli TA, McElroy J, Meng W, Huebner A, Geiger KD, Krex D, Schackert G, Chakravarti A, Zhang XQ, Sun S, Lam KF, Kiang KMY, Pu JKS, Ho ASW, Leung GKK, Loebel F, Curry WT, Barker FG, Lelic N, Chi AS, Cahill DP, Lu D, Yin J, Teo C, McDonald K, Madhankumar A, Weston C, Slagle-Webb B, Sheehan J, Patel A, Glantz M, Connor J, Maire C, Francis J, Zhang CZ, Jung J, Manzo V, Adalsteinsson V, Homer H, Blumenstiel B, Pedamallu CS, Nickerson E, Ligon A, Love C, Meyerson M, Ligon K, Mazor T, Johnson B, Hong C, Barnes M, Jalbert LE, Nelson SJ, Bollen AW, Smirnov IV, Song JS, Olshen AB, Berger MS, Chang SM, Taylor BS, Costello JF, Mehta S, Armstrong B, Peng S, Bapat A, Berens M, Melendez B, Mollejo M, Mur P, Hernandez-Iglesias T, Fiano C, Ruiz J, Rey JA, Mock A, Stadler V, Schulte A, Lamszus K, Schichor C, Westphal M, Tonn JC, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Morozova O, Katzman S, Grifford M, Salama S, Haussler D, Nagarajan R, Zhang B, Johnson B, Bell R, Olshen A, Fouse S, Diaz A, Smirnov I, Kang R, Wang T, Costello J, Nakamizo S, Sasayama T, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Mizukawa K, Yoshida M, Kohmura E, Northcott P, Hovestadt V, Jones D, Kool M, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister S, Otani R, Mukasa A, Takayanagi S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Shin M, Saito N, Ozawa T, Riester M, Cheng YK, Huse J, Helmy K, Charles N, Squatrito M, Michor F, Holland E, Perrech M, Dreher L, Rohn G, Goldbrunner R, Timmer M, Pollo B, Palumbo V, Calatozzolo C, Patane M, Nunziata R, Farinotti M, Silvani A, Lodrini S, Finocchiaro G, Lopez E, Rioscovian A, Ruiz R, Siordia G, de Leon AP, Rostomily C, Rostomily R, Silbergeld D, Kolstoe D, Chamberlain M, Silber J, Roth P, Keller A, Hoheisel J, Codo P, Bauer A, Backes C, Leidinger P, Meese E, Thiel E, Korfel A, Weller M, Saito K, Mukasa A, Nagae G, Nagane M, Aihara K, Takayanagi S, Tanaka S, Aburatani H, Saito N, Salama S, Sanborn JZ, Grifford M, Brennan C, Mikkelsen T, Jhanwar S, Chin L, Haussler D, Sasayama T, Tanaka K, Nakamizo S, Nishihara M, Tanaka H, Mizukawa K, Kohmura E, Schliesser M, Grimm C, Weiss E, Claus R, Weichenhan D, Weiler M, Hielscher T, Sahm F, Wiestler B, Klein AC, Blaes J, Weller M, Plass C, Wick W, Stragliotto G, Rahbar A, Soderberg-Naucler C, Sulman E, Won M, Ezhilarasan R, Sun P, Blumenthal D, Vogelbaum M, Colman H, Jenkins R, Chakravarti A, Jeraj R, Brown P, Jaeckle K, Schiff D, Dignam J, Atkins J, Brachman D, Werner-Wasik M, Gilbert M, Mehta M, Aldape K, Terashima K, Shen J, Luan J, Yu A, Suzuki T, Nishikawa R, Matsutani M, Liang Y, Man TK, Lau C, Trister A, Tokita M, Mikheeva S, Mikheev A, Friend S, Rostomily R, van den Bent M, Erdem L, Gorlia T, Taphoorn M, Kros J, Wesseling P, Dubbink H, Ibdaih A, Sanson M, French P, van Thuijl H, Mazor T, Johnson B, Fouse S, Heimans J, Wesseling P, Ylstra B, Reijneveld J, Taylor B, Berger M, Chang S, Costello J, Prabowo A, van Thuijl H, Scheinin I, van Essen H, Spliet W, Ferrier C, van Rijen P, Veersema T, Thom M, Meeteren ASV, Reijneveld J, Ylstra B, Wesseling P, Aronica E, Kim H, Zheng S, Mikkelsen T, Brat DJ, Virk S, Amini S, Sougnez C, Chin L, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Verhaak RGW, Watts C, Sottoriva A, Spiteri I, Piccirillo S, Touloumis A, Collins P, Marioni J, Curtis C, Tavare S, Weiss E, Grimm C, Schliesser M, Hielscher T, Claus R, Sahm F, Wiestler B, Klein AC, Blaes J, Tews B, Weiler M, Weichenhan D, Hartmann C, Weller M, Plass C, Wick W, Yeung TPC, Al-Khazraji B, Morrison L, Hoffman L, Jackson D, Lee TY, Yartsev S, Bauman G, Zheng S, Fu J, Vegesna R, Mao Y, Heathcock LE, Torres-Garcia W, Ezhilarasan R, Wang S, McKenna A, Chin L, Brennan CW, Yung WKA, Weinstein JN, Aldape KD, Sulman EP, Chen K, Koul D, Verhaak RGW. OMICS AND PROGNSTIC MARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii136-iii155. [PMCID: PMC3823898 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
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Joshi K, Gupta S, Mazumder S, Okemoto Y, Angenieux B, Kornblum H, Nakano I, Synowitz M, Kumar J, Petrosino S, Imperatore R, Smith E, Wendt P, Erdmann B, Nuber U, Nuber U, Matiash V, Chirasani S, Cristino L, DiMarzo V, Kettenmann H, Glass R, Soroceanu L, Matlaf L, Cobbs C, Kim YW, Kim SH, Kwon C, Han DY, Kim EH, Chang JH, Liu JL, Kim YH, Kim S, Long PM, Viapiano MS, Jaworski DM, Kanemura Y, Shofuda T, Kanematsu D, Matsumoto Y, Yamamoto A, Nonaka M, Moriuchi S, Nakajima S, Suemizu H, Nakamura M, Okada Y, Okano H, Yamasaki M, Price RL, Song J, Bingmer K, Zimmerman P, Rivera A, Yi JY, Cook C, Chiocca EA, Kwon CH, Kang SG, Shin HD, Mok HS, Park NR, Sim JK, Shin HJ, Park YK, Jeun SS, Hong YK, Lang FF, McKenzie BA, Zemp FJ, Lun X, Narendran A, McFadden G, Kurz E, Forsyth P, Talsma CE, Flack CG, Zhu T, He X, Soules M, Heth JA, Muraszko K, Fan X, Chen L, Guerrero-Cazares H, Noiman L, Smith C, Beltran N, Levchenko A, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Peruzzi P, Godlewski J, Lawler SE, Chiocca EA, Sarkar S, Doring A, Lun X, Wang X, Kelly J, Hader W, Dunn JF, Kinniburgh D, Robbins S, Forsyth P, Cairncross G, Weiss S, Yong VW, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Velez-Char N, Jachnik B, Ramm P, Leukel P, Bogdahn U, Hau P, Kim SH, Lee MK, Chwae YJ, Yoo BC, Kim KH, Kristoffersen K, Stockhausen MT, Poulsen HS, Kaluzova M, Machaidze R, Wankhede M, Hadjipanayis CG, Romane AM, Sim FJ, Wang S, Chandler-Militello D, Li X, Al Fanek Y, Walter K, Johnson M, Achanta P, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Goldman SA, Shinojima N, Hossain A, Takezaki T, Gumin J, Gao F, Nwajei F, Cheung V, Figueroa J, Lang FF, Pellegatta S, Orzan F, Anghileri E, Guzzetti S, Porrati P, Eoli M, Finocchiaro G, Fu J, Koul D, Wang S, Yao J, Gumin JG, Sulman E, Lang F, Aldape KK, Colman H, Yung AW, Koul D, Fu J, Yao J, Wang S, Gumin J, Sulman E, Lang F, Aldape K, Colman H, Yung AW, Alonso MM, Manterola L, urquiza L, Cortes-Santiago N, Diez-Valle R, Tejada-Solis S, Garcia-foncillas J, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Nguyen S, Stechishin O, Luchman A, Weiss S, Lathia JD, Gallagher J, Li M, Myers J, Hjelmeland A, Huang A, Rich J, Bhat K, Vaillant B, Balasubramaniyan V, Ezhilarasan R, Sulman E, Colman H, Aldape K, Lathia JD, Hitomi M, Gallagher J, Gadani S, Li M, Adkins J, Vasanji A, Wu Q, Soeda A, McLendon R, Chenn A, Hjelmeland A, Park D, Rich J, Yao J, Fu J, Koul D, Weinstein JN, Alfred Yung WK, Zagzag D, Esencay M, Klopsis D, Liu M, Narayana A, Parker E, Golfinos J, Clark PA, Kandela IK, Weichert JP, Kuo JS, Fouse SD, Nagarajan RP, Nakamura J, James CD, Chang S, Costello JF, Gong X, Kankar G, Di K, Reeves A, Linskey M, Bota DA, Schmid RS, Bash RE, Vitucci M, Werneke AM, Miller CR, Kim E, Kim M, Kim K, Lee J, Du F, Li P, Wechsler-Reya R, Yang ZJ. STEM CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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He H, Emmett MR, Marshall AG, Ji Y, Conrad CA, Priebe W, Colman H, Lang FF, Madden TL, Kristoffersen K, Stockhausen MT, Poulsen HS, Binder ZA, Orr B, Lim M, Weingart JD, Brem H, Olivi A, Riggins GJ, Gallia GL, Litofsky NS, Miller DC, Rath P, Anthony DC, Feng Q, Franklin C, Pei L, Free A, Kirk MD, Shi H, Timmer M, Theiss H, Juerchott K, Ries C, Paron I, Franz W, Selbig J, Guo K, Tonn JC, Schichor C, Zhou YH, Hu Y, Pioli PD, Rajneesh K, Limoli CL, Yu L, Hess KR, Linskey ME, Faber F, Guo K, Jaeger D, Thorsteinsdottir J, Albrecht V, Tonn JC, Schichor C, Price R, Song J, Zimmerman P, Duale H, Rivera A, Kaur B, Parada L, Cook C, Chiocca EA, Kwon CH, Munoz DM, Guha A, Estrada-Bernal A, Van Brocklyn JR, Gu C, Mahasenan KV, Joshi K, Gupta S, Mattson A, Li C, Nakano I, Chi AS, Rheinbay E, Wakimoto H, Gillespie S, Kasif S, Rabkin SD, Martuza RL, Bernstein BE, Skirboll SL, Wurdak H, Zhu S, Romero A, Lorger M, Watson J, Chiang CY, Zhang J, Natu VS, Lairson LL, Walker JR, Trussell CM, Harsh GR, Vogel H, Felding-Habermann B, Orth AP, Miraglia LJ, Rines DR, Schultz PG, Hide T, Takezaki T, Nakamura H, Makino K, Kuratsu JI, Kondo T, Yao J, Kim YW, Koul D, Almeida JS, Weinstein JN, Alfred Yung WK, Joshi K, Miyazaki T, Chaudhury AR, Nakano I, Wong AJ, Del Vecchio C, Mitra S, Han SY, Holgado-Madruga M, Gupta P, Golebiewska A, Brons NH, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP, Ramm P, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Beier C, Aigner L, Bogdahn U, Kalbitzer HR, Hau P, Sanzey M, Golebiewska A, Vallar L, Niclou SP, Tamura K, Aoyagi M, Ando N, Ogishima T, Wakimoto H, Yamamoto M, Ohno K, Perin A, Fung KH, Longatti P, Guiot MC, Del Maestro RF, Rossi S, Stechishin O, Weiss S, Stifani S, Goodman L, Gao F, Gumin J, Ezhilarasan R, Love P, George A, Colman H, Lang F, Aldape K, Sulman EP, Soeda A, Lee DH, Shaffrey ME, Oldfield EH, Park DM, Dietrich J, Han R, Noble M, Yang MY, Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Sheehan J, Slagle-Webb B, Connor JR, Fu J, Shen RJ, Colman H, Lang FF, Alfred Yung WK, Koul D, Kaluzova M, Machaidze R, Nduom ENK, Burden CT, Hadjipanayis CG, Lei L, Sonabend A, Guarnieri P, Ludwig T, Rosenfeld S, Bruce J, Canoll P, Vaillant BD, Bhat K, Balasubramaniyam V, Wang S, Gumin J, Sulman E, Lang F, Aldape K, Colman H, Sulman EP, Ezhilarasan R, Goodman LD, Love PN, George A, Aldape K, Soules M, Zhu T, Flack C, Talsma C, Hamm L, Muraszko K, Fan X, Aoyagi M, Matsuoka Y, Tamura K, Ando N, Kawano Y, Ohno K, Kobayashi D, Kumagai J, Frank RT, Najbauer J, Aboody KS, Aboody KS, Najbauer J, Metz M, Garcia E, Aramburo S, Valenzuela V, Gutova M, Annala AJ, Barish M, Danks M, Kim SU, Portnow J, Hofstetter C, Gursel D, Mubita L, Holland E, Boockvar J, Monje M, Freret M, Masek M, Edwards MS, Fisher PG, Vogel H, Beachy P. Stem Cells. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Blumenthal R, Klausner RD, Weinstein JN. Voltage-dependent Changes of a Membrane Protein in Lipid Model Membranes: Studies with the Hepatic Asialoglycoprotein Receptor. Biophys J 2010; 37:122-4. [PMID: 19431437 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(82)84632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Weinstein JN, Myers TG. Information resources for liposome research: The drug discovery program of the u.s. national cancer institute. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109509012685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sheehan KM, Gulmann C, Eichler GS, Weinstein JN, Barrett HL, Kay EW, Conroy RM, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF. Signal pathway profiling of epithelial and stromal compartments of colonic carcinoma reveals epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2007; 27:323-31. [PMID: 17621268 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular crosstalk, including reciprocal stimulation, is theorized to take place between epithelial cancer cells and surrounding non-neoplastic stromal cells. This is the rationale for stromal therapy, which could eliminate support of a cancer by its genetically stable stroma. Epithelial-stromal crosstalk is so far poorly documented in vivo, and cell cultures and animal experiments may not provide accurate models. The current study details stromal-epithelial signalling pathways in 35 human colon cancers, and compares them with matched normal tissues using quantitative proteomic microarrays. Lysates prepared from separately microdissected epithelium and stroma were analysed using antibodies against 61 cell signalling proteins, most of which recognize activated phospho-isoforms. Analyses using unsupervised and supervised statistical methods suggest that cell signalling pathway profiles in stroma and epithelium appear more similar to each other in tumours than in normal colon. This supports the concept that coordinated crosstalk occurs between epithelium and stroma in cancer and suggests epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the data herein suggest that it is driven by cell proliferation pathways and that, specifically, several key molecules within the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may play an important role. Given recent findings of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in therapy-resistant tumour epithelium, these findings could have therapeutic implications for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sheehan
- NCI-FDA Clinical Proteomics Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
The risks and benefits of any health care intervention are valued differently by stakeholders. One of the ethical imperatives of patient-centered care is the balanced, evidence-based presentation of risks and benefits by providers to patients. Using the example of musculoskeletal surgery with devices, we advocate the use of shared decision-making tools and processes known to improve knowledge, adjust unrealistic expectations, and elicit values about benefits desired and the degree of acceptable risks for individual patients. We describe feasibility and efficacy within our organization and address ways to foster the further adoption of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- JN Weinstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Dartmouth Medical School One Medical Center Dr. Lebanon, NH 03756 603-653-3580 (Fax) 603-653-3581
| | - K Clay
- Center For Shared Decision-making Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Dartmouth Medical School One Medical Center Dr. Lebanon, NH 03756 603-650-5578
| | - TS Morgan
- Department offers Orthopaedic Surgery Dartmouth Medical School One Medical Center Dr. Lebanon, NH 03756 603-653-3559
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Blower PE, Yang C, Fligner MA, Verducci JS, Yu L, Richman S, Weinstein JN. Pharmacogenomic analysis: correlating molecular substructure classes with microarray gene expression data. Pharmacogenomics J 2003; 2:259-71. [PMID: 12196914 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2002] [Accepted: 04/08/2002] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies are producing large databases of molecular information on cancers and other cell and tissue types. Hence, we have the opportunity to link these accumulating data to the drug discovery processes. Our previous efforts at 'information-intensive' molecular pharmacology have focused on the relationship between patterns of gene expression and patterns of drug activity. In the present study, we take the process a step further-relating gene expression patterns, not just to the drugs as entities, but to approximately 27,000 substructures and other chemical features within the drugs. This coupling of genomic information with structure-based data mining can be used to identify classes of compounds for which detailed experimental structure-activity studies may be fruitful. Using a systematic substructure analysis coupled with statistical correlations of compound activity with differential gene expression, we have identified two subclasses of quinones whose patterns of activity in the National Cancer Institute's 60-cell line screening panel (NCI-60) correlate strongly with the expression patterns of particular genes: (i) The growth inhibitory patterns of an electron-withdrawing subclass of benzodithiophenedione-containing compounds over the NCI-60 are highly correlated with the expression patterns of Rab7 and other melanoma-specific genes; (ii) the inhibitory patterns of indolonaphthoquinone-containing compounds are highly correlated with the expression patterns of the hematopoietic lineage-specific gene HS1 and other leukemia genes. As illustrated by these proof-of-principle examples, we introduce here a set of conceptual tools and fluent computational methods for projecting directly from gene expression patterns to drug substructures and vice versa. The analysis is presented in terms of the NCI-60 cell lines and microarray-based gene expression patterns, but the concept and methods are broadly applicable to other large-scale pharmacogenomic database sets as well. The approach (SAT for Structure-Activity-Target) provides a systematic way to mine databases for the design of further structure-activity studies, particularly to aid in target and lead identification.
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Winkelstein BA, Rutkowski MD, Weinstein JN, DeLeo JA. Quantification of neural tissue injury in a rat radiculopathy model: comparison of local deformation, behavioral outcomes, and spinal cytokine mRNA for two surgeons. J Neurosci Methods 2001; 111:49-57. [PMID: 11574119 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental work indicate that a variety of factors contribute to radicular pain mechanisms, including mechanical injury. While it has been qualitatively suggested that the magnitude of nerve root mechanical injury affects the nature of the pain response, no study has quantified the local in vivo injury biomechanics in these models. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to develop and implement an in vivo method to quantify compressive nerve root injury strain severity and characterize its effect on the resulting responses in an existing lumbar radiculopathy rat model. Male Holtzman rats were divided into a sham group with only nerve root exposure or a ligation group with the nerve root tightly ligated using silk suture. Using image analysis, nerve root radial strains were calculated at the time of injury for two surgeons. Mechanical allodynia was continuously assessed throughout the study and spinal cord cytokine mRNA levels were assayed on postoperative day 7. The degree of intersurgeon variability for imposing a ligation injury in this model was also assessed. Mean compressive injury strains in the nerve root were 32.8+/-14.2% and were not different for the two experimenters. Animals undergoing more severe ligation strains exhibited significantly heightened allodynia following injury and greater upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha/beta, IL-6, and IL-10. Results indicate a direct correlation of local nerve root injury severity with the ensuing physiologic responses associated with nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Winkelstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, HB 7125 One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Hunt JL, Winkelstein BA, Rutkowski MD, Weinstein JN, DeLeo JA. Repeated injury to the lumbar nerve roots produces enhanced mechanical allodynia and persistent spinal neuroinflammation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26:2073-9. [PMID: 11698881 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200110010-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A lumbar radiculopathy model investigated pain behavioral responses after nerve root reinjury. OBJECTIVES To gain a further understanding of central sensitization and neuroinflammation associated with chronic lumbar radiculopathy after repeated nerve root injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with chronic radicular pain remain obscure. It has been hypothesized that lumbar root injury produces neuroimmunologic and neurochemical changes, sensitizing the spinal cord and causing pain responses to manifest with greater intensity and longer duration after reinjury. However, this remains untested experimentally. METHODS Male Holtzman rats were divided into two groups: a sham group having only nerve root exposure, and a chromic group in which the nerve root was ligated loosely with chromic gut suture. Animals underwent a second procedure at 42 days. The chromic group was further divided into a reinjury group and a chromic-sham group, in which the lumbar roots were only re-exposed. Bilateral mechanical allodynia was continuously assessed throughout the study. Qualitative assessment of spinal cord glial activation and IL-beta expression was performed. RESULTS Mechanical allodynia was significantly greater on both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides after reinjury (P < 0.001), and the response did not return to baseline after reinjury, as it did with the initial injury. There were also persistent spinal astrocytic and microglial activation and interleukin-1beta expression. CONCLUSIONS The bilateral responses support central modulation of radicular pain after nerve root injury. An exaggerated and more prolonged response bilaterally after reinjury suggests central sensitization after initial injury. Neuroinflammatory activation in the spinal cord further supports the hypothesis that central neuroinflammation plays an important role in chronic radicular pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Fan Y, Shi LM, Kohn KW, Pommier Y, Weinstein JN. Quantitative structure-antitumor activity relationships of camptothecin analogues: cluster analysis and genetic algorithm-based studies. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3254-63. [PMID: 11563924 DOI: 10.1021/jm0005151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase 1 (top1) inhibitors are proving useful against a range of refractory tumors, and there is considerable interest in the development of additional top1 agents. Despite crystallographic studies, the binding site and ligand properties that lead to activity are poorly understood. Here we report a unique approach to quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis based on the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) drug databases. In 1990, the NCI established a drug discovery program in which compounds are tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of 60 different human cancer cell lines in culture. More than 70 000 compounds have been screened, and patterns of activity against the 60 cell lines have been found to encode rich information on mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance. Here, we use hierarchical clustering to define antitumor activity patterns in a data set of 167 tested camptothecins (CPTs) in the NCI drug database. The average pairwise Pearson correlation coefficient between activity patterns for the CPT set was 0.70. Coherence between chemical structures and their activity patterns was observed. QSAR studies were carried out using the mean 50% growth inhibitory concentrations (GI(50)) for 60 cell lines as the dependent variables. Different statistical methods, including stepwise linear regression, principal component regression (PCR), partial least-squares regression (PLS), and fully cross-validated genetic function approximation (GFA) were applied to construct quantitative structure-antitumor relationship models. For our data set, the GFA method performed better in terms of correlation coefficients and cross-validation analysis. A number of molecular descriptors were identified as being correlated with antitumor activity. Included were partial atomic charges and three interatomic distances that define the relative spatial dispositions of three significant atoms (the hydroxyl hydrogen of the E-ring, the lactone carbonyl oxygen of the E-ring, and the carbonyl oxygen of the D-ring). The cross-validated r(2) for the final GFA model was 0.783, indicating a predictive QSAR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Staunton JE, Slonim DK, Coller HA, Tamayo P, Angelo MJ, Park J, Scherf U, Lee JK, Reinhold WO, Weinstein JN, Mesirov JP, Lander ES, Golub TR. Chemosensitivity prediction by transcriptional profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10787-92. [PMID: 11553813 PMCID: PMC58553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.191368598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to develop a genomics-based approach to the prediction of drug response, we have developed an algorithm for classification of cell line chemosensitivity based on gene expression profiles alone. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, the expression levels of 6,817 genes were measured in a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines (the NCI-60) for which the chemosensitivity profiles of thousands of chemical compounds have been determined. We sought to determine whether the gene expression signatures of untreated cells were sufficient for the prediction of chemosensitivity. Gene expression-based classifiers of sensitivity or resistance for 232 compounds were generated and then evaluated on independent sets of data. The classifiers were designed to be independent of the cells' tissue of origin. The accuracy of chemosensitivity prediction was considerably better than would be expected by chance. Eighty-eight of 232 expression-based classifiers performed accurately (with P < 0.05) on an independent test set, whereas only 12 of the 232 would be expected to do so by chance. These results suggest that at least for a subset of compounds genomic approaches to chemosensitivity prediction are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Staunton
- Whitehead/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Viswanadhan VN, Mueller GA, Basak SC, Weinstein JN. Comparison of a neural net-based QSAR algorithm (PCANN) with Hologram- and multiple linear regression-based QSAR approaches: application to 1,4-dihydropyridine-based calcium channel antagonists. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 2001; 41:505-11. [PMID: 11410024 DOI: 10.1021/ci000072+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A QSAR algorithm (PCANN) has been developed and applied to a set of calcium channel blockers which are of special interest because of their role in cardiac disease and also because many of them interact with P-glycoprotein, a membrane protein associated with multidrug resistance to anticancer agents. A database of 46 1,4-dihydropyridines with known Ca2+ channel binding affinities was employed for the present analysis. The QSAR algorithm can be summarized as follows: (1) a set of 90 graph theoretic and information theoretic descriptors representing various structural and topological characteristics was calculated for each of the 1,4-dihydropyridines and (2) principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compress these 90 into the eight best orthogonal composite descriptors for the database. These eight sufficed to explain 96% of the variance in the original descriptor set. (3) Two important empirical descriptors, the Leo-Hansch lipophilic constant and the Hammet electronic parameter, were added to the list of eight. (4) The 10 resulting descriptors were used as inputs to a back-propagation neural network whose output was the predicted binding affinity. (5) The predictive ability of the network was assessed by cross-validation. A comparison of the present approach with two other QSAR approaches (multiple linear regression using the same variables and a Hologram QSAR model) is made and shows that the PCANN approach can yield better predictions, once the right network configuration is identified. The present approach (PCANN) may prove useful for rapid assessment of the potential for biological activity when dealing with large chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Viswanadhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
Studies of physician workforce need a standard of an appropriately sized workforce to compare projections. Although many studies use average rates of healthcare use as a standard, regional benchmarks provide a pragmatic alternative approach to estimating a reasonably sized physician workforce and avoid many of the problems of needs- and demand-based planning. Wide geographic variations in the rates of many procedures, unexplained by differences in population characteristics, suggest that supply-induced demand or physician practice style or both may be the major determinates of the rates for these procedures. In the current study, the authors explore some of these differences in orthopaedic procedure rates and their implications for workforce planning. For example, the rates of hip fracture are fairly uniform across geographic regions, whereas the rates of spine surgery vary sixfold and the rates of spinal fusion vary 10-fold. Shared decision-making is the process of giving patients informed choices about their treatment options based on current best evidence. Careful studies of treatment effectiveness and shared decision-making hold the promise of allowing patients' preferences and values to determine the right rate of healthcare use. These rates could allow workforce projections to be compared with optimal benchmarks for future planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lurie
- Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
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Hanley EN, Spengler DM, Wiesel S, Weinstein JN. Controversies in low back pain: the surgical approach. Instr Course Lect 2001; 43:415-23. [PMID: 9097171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E N Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- W W van Osdol
- ALZA Corporation, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Deyo
- Department of Medicine, and Center for Cost and Outcomes Research, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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20
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Phelan EA, Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Weinstein JN, Ciol MA, Kreuter W, Howe JF. Helping patients decide about back surgery: a randomized trial of an interactive video program. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26:206-11;discussion 212. [PMID: 11154542 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200101150-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A randomized trial of 100 patients with low back pain who were potential surgical candidates. OBJECTIVES To determine whether an interactive videodisc with a booklet is superior to a booklet alone for informing patients about back surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Substantial geographic variation has been observed in lumbar spine surgery. Informed patient preferences should play an important role in decisions about surgery. However, little is known about optimal strategies for informing patients. METHODS Subjects were randomized to receive an interactive videodisc (with a booklet) or a booklet alone. A knowledge test administered at baseline and follow-up was used to measure improvement in knowledge about treatment options for lumbar spine problems. Patients' reactions to the videodisc and booklet and preferences for treatment were also assessed. RESULTS The patients' knowledge improved after exposure to either intervention. Multivariate analyses adjusted for baseline score, age, education, gender, and diagnosis showed a significant advantage for the videodisc with booklet over the booklet alone. The videodisc-booklet group showed significantly greater gains in knowledge among subjects with the worst baseline knowledge scores. A larger proportion of subjects in the videodisc-booklet group rated the materials easy to understand (93% vs.- 72%,P = 0.04), containing the right amount of information (93% vs.- 80%,P = 0.3), and adequate to assist in choice of treatment (75% vs.- 51%,P = 0.2). Those who viewed the videodisc expressed a somewhat lower preference for surgery than those who received the booklet alone (23% vs.- 42%,P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS Both the booklet alone and the combination of videodisc and booklet improved knowledge. The combination produced greater knowledge gains than the booklet alone for the subgroup with the least knowledge at baseline. Patients preferred the combination and had a slightly lower preference for surgery if they had viewed the video presentation. For some patients, the video may enhance involvement in clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Phelan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Abstract
With 35,000 genes and hundreds of thousands of protein states to identify, correlate, and understand, it no longer suffices to rely on studies of one gene, gene product, or process at a time. We have entered the "omic" era in biology. But large-scale omic studies of cellular molecules in aggregate rarely can answer interesting questions without the assistance of information from traditional hypothesis-driven research. The two types of science are synergistic. A case in point is the set of pharmacogenomic studies that we and our collaborators have done with the 60 human cancer cell lines of the National Cancer Institute's drug discovery program. Those cells (the NCI-60) have been characterized pharmacologically with respect to their sensitivity to >70,000 chemical compounds. We are further characterizing them at the DNA, RNA, protein, and functional levels. Our major aim is to identify pharmacogenomic markers that can aid in drug discovery and design, as well as in individualization of cancer therapy. The bioinformatic and chemoinformatic challenges of this study have demanded novel methods for analysis and visualization of high-dimensional data. Included are the color-coded "clustered image map" and also the MedMiner program package, which captures and organizes the biomedical literature on gene-gene and gene-drug relationships. Microarray transcript expression studies of the 60 cell lines reveal, for example, a gene-drug correlation with potential clinical implications--that between the asparagine synthetase gene and the enzyme-drug L-asparaginase in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- The Spine Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective study of 17,774 patients who consulted spine centers in which the impact of spinal disorders and comorbidities on physical functional status were evaluated. OBJECTIVES To quantify the effect spinal diagnoses have on patients' physical functional status (SF-36 Physical Component Summary [PCS] score) compared with other common conditions and to quantify the effects of comorbidities on physical functional status in spine patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The burden of spinal conditions on a patient's function and the role that comorbidities play in this affliction are poorly quantified in the literature. METHODS Data from the Health Survey Questionnaire were prospectively gathered through the National Spine Network, a nonprofit consortium of spine-focused practices. Each patient's SF-36 score was summarized into a single PCS score. The correlation between diagnosis and comorbidity and PCS score was assessed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS The study patients were a mean of 47.5 years of age, 54.7% were female, 52.3% had lumbosacral diagnoses, and 82.0% had had 3 or more months of pain. The population had a mean PCS score of 30.4 +/- 9.95 (SD) compared with 50.0 +/- 10.00 for the general United States population. The more comorbidities in a patient, the lower the PCS score (Spearman rank correlation = -0.27). The five comorbid conditions that lowered the PCS the most included congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus (all P <0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, age, gender, diagnosis, and comorbidity explained 12.1% of the variance in PCS score. CONCLUSIONS The PCS score is greatly affected in patients with spinal problems. The study population's PCS (30.4) was lower or similar to the PCS for patients with other illnesses reported in the literature: CHF (31.0), COPD (33.9), SLE (37.1), cancer (38.4), primary total hip arthroplasty (29.0), primary total knee arthroplasty (32.6), and glenohumeral degenerative joint disease (35.2). Further, the presence of comorbidity in spine patients adds to the burden of spinal conditions on functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Fanuele
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedics, and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This study was designed to examine the behaviorial immunohistochemical changes of spinal glial cells and spinal Interleukin (IL)-1beta expression after various nerve root injuries used as models of lumbar radiculopathy. OBJECTIVES In order to better understand the role of central inflammation in the pathophysiologic mechanisms that give rise to pain associated with lumbar radiculopathy, this research studied the relationship between pain-related behavior associated with spinal glial activation and IL-1beta expression generated by three types of nerve root injury: loose ligation with chromic gut, loose ligation with silk, and tight ligation with silk. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA An animal model of lumbar radiculopathy originally described by Kawakami and Weinstein involved loose ligation of unilateral L4-L6 nerve roots with chromic gut. Characterization and establishment of such an animal model of low back pain enables further investigation of the nature of the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with lumbar radiculopathy in humans. METHODS Seventy-three rats were divided into four treatment groups. Chromic group (n = 25): The L5 nerve roots (dorsal and ventral) were exposed by hemilaminectomy and loosely ligated with chromic gut. Tight silk group (n = 18): The exposed L5 nerve roots were tightly ligated extradurally with 5-0 silk suture. Loose silk group (n = 15): two loose ligatures of 5-0 silk were placed around the exposed L5 nerve roots. Sham group (n = 15): the rats were subjected to laminectomy alone for exposing nerve roots. Following surgery, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia was assessed time-dependently up to 42 days post operatively. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 42 days postoperatively, the rats in each group were perfused with fixative. The L5 spinal cord segments was harvested and cryosectioned for glial and cytokine immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the chromic and the tight silk group, an immediate and sustained mechanical allodynia was observed in the ipsilateral hind paw up to 35 days postoperatively. The loose silk group also showed an immediate mechanical allodynia that subsided by 14 days postoperatively. Sham-treated animals exhibited mild mechanicalallodynia for the initial 7 days after the surgery. Thermalhyperalgesia was evident in the three primary treatment groups, but not in the sham-treated rats. OX-42 expression was elevated in the gray matter of the L5 spinal section by 3 days in the chromic, the tight silk, and the loose silk groups as compared to the sham group. Astrocytic activation increased over time in all groups except the sham group. There was no direct correlation between degree of microglial response and severity of pain behaviors. In contrast, astrocytic activation demonstrated a direct relationship with the elevation of mechanical allodynia for the first 7 days. In addition, spinal IL-1beta protein expression was increased bilaterally in the superficial layer of the dorsal horn and cell nuclei of the ventral horns in the ligature treated groups as compared with the sham group. CONCLUSION Direct mechanical and/or chemical injury to lumbar roots in the rat gives rise to pain behavior suggestive of lumbar radiculopathy. The finding that glial activation and enhanced IL-1beta expression are observed in the spinal cord after root injury supports a central, neuroimmune component in the generation of lumbar radiculopathy. A further understanding of the immunologic consequences of root injury may lead to further development and the novel use of selective cytokine-inflammatory inhibitors for the treatment of low back pain associated with radiculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hashizume
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA
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Weinstein JN, Brown PW, Hanscom B, Walsh T, Nelson EC. Designing an ambulatory clinical practice for outcomes improvement: from vision to reality--the Spine Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, year one. Qual Manag Health Care 2000; 8:1-20. [PMID: 10787504 DOI: 10.1097/00019514-200008020-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of a new program for diagnosis and treatment of spine-related problems provided a unique opportunity to design and implement a new model for delivery of health care incorporating outcomes measurement and improvement. Key features include: application of microsystem thinking and interdisciplinary practice; integration of a uniform outcomes measurement tool, the Dartmouth Clinical Value Compass; and touch pad technology for data collection. This, for the first time, provided clinically meaningful point-of-service data and aggregated information for improvement. A further advantage was the ability to integrate a clinical research program within this microsystem. A multisite clinical research trial, the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT), modeled on the Spine Center microsystem and funded by The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the Office of Research on Woman's Health, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is currently underway. The significant problems we face today cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- Shared Decision Making Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Kuntz KM, Snider RK, Weinstein JN, Pope MH, Katz JN. Cost-effectiveness of fusion with and without instrumentation for patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25:1132-9. [PMID: 10788859 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200005010-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A cost-effectiveness study was performed from the societal perspective. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the costs and benefits of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with concomitant lumbar fusion for patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Costs, probabilities, and utilities were estimated from the literature. Short-term risks considered were perioperative complications, the probability of the fusion healing, and the probability that surgery will relieve symptoms. Long-term risks considered were recurrence of symptoms and reoperation. METHODS The 10-year costs, quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (reported as dollars per quality-adjusted year of life gained) were calculated using a Markov model. Sensitivity analysis was performed on all variables using clinically plausible ranges. RESULTS Laminectomy with noninstrumented fusion costs $56,500 per quality-adjusted year of life versuslaminectomy without fusion. The cost-effectiveness of laminectomy with noninstrumented fusion was most sensitive to the increase in quality-of-life associated with relief of severe stenosis symptoms. The cost-effectiveness ratio of instrumented fusion compared with noninstrumented fusion was $3,112,800 per quality-adjusted year of life. However, if the proportion of patients experiencing symptom relief after instrumented fusion was 90% as compared with 80% for patients with noninstrumented fusion, then the cost-effectiveness ratio of instrumented fusion compared with noninstrumented fusion would be $82,400 per quality-adjusted year of life. CONCLUSIONS The cost-effectiveness of laminectomy with noninstrumented fusion compares favorably with other surgical interventions, although it depends greatly on the true effectiveness of these surgeries to alleviatesymptoms and on how patients value the quality-of-life effect of relieving severe stenosis symptoms. Instrumented fusion was very expensive compared with the incremental gain in health outcome. Better data on the effectiveness of these alternative procedures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kuntz
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5924, USA.
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Lisziewicz J, Zeng G, Gratas C, Weinstein JN, Lori F. Combination gene therapy: synergistic inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus Tat and Rev functions by a single RNA molecule. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:807-15. [PMID: 10779158 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050015428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current drug combinations can achieve long-term suppression of HIV replication in infected individuals. Unfortunately, complicated dosing schedules and high toxicity make long-term compliance with drug regimens difficult for most patients. Gene therapy may provide a permanent solution for HIV disease by generating cells genetically resistant to virus replication. As with the highly active antiretroviral therapies, genetic drugs must have strong antiviral potency and the ability to prevent the emergence of escape mutants. We have constructed antiviral genes containing unique combinations of Tat- and Rev-binding decoys. The new antiviral molecules are chimeric TAR-RRE RNAs that are expressed only in HIV infected cells in a Tat-regulated manner. One RNA molecule competes for both Tat and Rev binding, and thus blocks the activation and the expression of all viral genes. The two functional Tat- and Rev-binding domains exhibit the highest synergy at the lowest concentration. Conservative quantitative estimates of this synergistic effect were I = 0.24 at 50% inhibition, in terms of the Berenbaum "interaction index," indicating that the combined construct was approximately fourfold more potent than would be predicted on the basis of additive effects. The possibility of HIV escape from this inhibition is unlikely, because it requires simultaneous mutation of TAR and RRE in a manner in which both Tat and Rev preserve their respective functions. TAR-RRE combination decoys represent the first example of mathematically proven synergistic antiviral activity between two domains of the same molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lisziewicz
- Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Ross DT, Scherf U, Eisen MB, Perou CM, Rees C, Spellman P, Iyer V, Jeffrey SS, Van de Rijn M, Waltham M, Pergamenschikov A, Lee JC, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Myers TG, Weinstein JN, Botstein D, Brown PO. Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines. Nat Genet 2000; 24:227-35. [PMID: 10700174 DOI: 10.1038/73432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1573] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We used cDNA microarrays to explore the variation in expression of approximately 8,000 unique genes among the 60 cell lines used in the National Cancer Institute's screen for anti-cancer drugs. Classification of the cell lines based solely on the observed patterns of gene expression revealed a correspondence to the ostensible origins of the tumours from which the cell lines were derived. The consistent relationship between the gene expression patterns and the tissue of origin allowed us to recognize outliers whose previous classification appeared incorrect. Specific features of the gene expression patterns appeared to be related to physiological properties of the cell lines, such as their doubling time in culture, drug metabolism or the interferon response. Comparison of gene expression patterns in the cell lines to those observed in normal breast tissue or in breast tumour specimens revealed features of the expression patterns in the tumours that had recognizable counterparts in specific cell lines, reflecting the tumour, stromal and inflammatory components of the tumour tissue. These results provided a novel molecular characterization of this important group of human cell lines and their relationships to tumours in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Ross
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Weinstein JN. How a real time clinical data retrieval system might be applied to a tobacco cessation program. Tob Control 2000; 9 Suppl 1:I46. [PMID: 10688932 PMCID: PMC1766268 DOI: 10.1136/tc.9.suppl_1.i46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- Center for Evaluative Studies, Dartmouth Medical School, 7251 Strasenburgh Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. james.weinstein@dartmouth. edu
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Scherf U, Ross DT, Waltham M, Smith LH, Lee JK, Tanabe L, Kohn KW, Reinhold WC, Myers TG, Andrews DT, Scudiero DA, Eisen MB, Sausville EA, Pommier Y, Botstein D, Brown PO, Weinstein JN. A gene expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer. Nat Genet 2000; 24:236-44. [PMID: 10700175 DOI: 10.1038/73439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 895] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We used cDNA microarrays to assess gene expression profiles in 60 human cancer cell lines used in a drug discovery screen by the National Cancer Institute. Using these data, we linked bioinformatics and chemoinformatics by correlating gene expression and drug activity patterns in the NCI60 lines. Clustering the cell lines on the basis of gene expression yielded relationships very different from those obtained by clustering the cell lines on the basis of their response to drugs. Gene-drug relationships for the clinical agents 5-fluorouracil and L-asparaginase exemplify how variations in the transcript levels of particular genes relate to mechanisms of drug sensitivity and resistance. This is the first study to integrate large databases on gene expression and molecular pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Scherf
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Sciences, Building 37/5D-02, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
The phrase "molecular target-based drug discovery" usually implies an in vitro biochemical assay or battery of assays. One portion of the U.S. National Cancer Institute's drug discovery program, to the contrary, examines molecular targets for cancer therapy in a cell-based format. That approach has a number of significant limitations, but it has produced databases of significant utility on the activities and structures of tested compounds, as well as on molecular characteristics of the cell types used for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 37 Rm. 5D-02, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Shi LM, Fan Y, Lee JK, Waltham M, Andrews DT, Scherf U, Paull KD, Weinstein JN. Mining and visualizing large anticancer drug discovery databases. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 2000; 40:367-79. [PMID: 10761142 DOI: 10.1021/ci990087b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to find more effective anticancer drugs, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) screens a large number of compounds in vitro against 60 human cancer cell lines from different organs of origin. About 70,000 compounds have been tested in the program since 1990, and each tested compound can be characterized by a vector (i.e., "fingerprint") of 60 anticancer activity, or -[log(GI50)], values. GI50 is the concentration required to inhibit cell growth by 50% compared with untreated controls. Although cell growth inhibitory activity for a single cell line is not very informative, activity patterns across the 60 cell lines can provide incisive information on the mechanisms of action of screened compounds and also on molecular targets and modulators of activity within the cancer cells. Various statistical and artificial intelligence methods, including principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, stepwise linear regression, multidimensional scaling, neural network modeling, and genetic function approximation, among others, can be used to analyze this large activity database. Mining the database can provide useful information: (a) for the development of anticancer drugs; (b) for a better understanding of the molecular pharmacology of cancer; and (c) for improvement of the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
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Abstract
EDGAR (Extraction of Drugs, Genes and Relations) is a natural language processing system that extracts information about drugs and genes relevant to cancer from the biomedical literature. This automatically extracted information has remarkable potential to facilitate computational analysis in the molecular biology of cancer, and the technology is straightforwardly generalizable to many areas of biomedicine. This paper reports on the mechanisms for automatically generating such assertions and on a simple application, conceptual clustering of documents. The system uses a stochastic part of speech tagger, generates an underspecified syntactic parse and then uses semantic and pragmatic information to construct its assertions. The system builds on two important existing resources: the MEDLINE database of biomedical citations and abstracts and the Unified Medical Language System, which provides syntactic and semantic information about the terms found in biomedical abstracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rindflesch
- Lister Hill Center, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
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Tanabe L, Scherf U, Smith LH, Lee JK, Hunter L, Weinstein JN. MedMiner: an Internet text-mining tool for biomedical information, with application to gene expression profiling. Biotechniques 1999; 27:1210-4, 1216-7. [PMID: 10631500 DOI: 10.2144/99276bc03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The trend toward high-throughput techniques in molecular biology and the explosion of online scientific data threaten to overwhelm the ability of researchers to take full advantage of available information. This problem is particularly severe in the rapidly expanding area of gene expression experiments, for example, those carried out with cDNA microarrays or oligonucleotide chips. We present an Internet-based hypertext program, MedMiner, which filters and organizes large amounts of textual and structured information returned from public search engines like GeneCards and PubMed. We demonstrate the value of the approach for the analysis of gene expression data, but MedMiner can also be extended to other areas involving molecular genetic or pharmacological information. More generally still, MedMiner can be used to organize the information returned from any arbitrary PubMed search.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tanabe
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective, observational study. OBJECTIVES To identify outcome predictors of surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis is the most frequent indication for spine surgery in the elderly. More than 25% of surgical patients have a poor outcome, yet little is known about factors that predict the outcome of surgery. METHODS Surgery was performed on 199 patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, and they were observed for 2 years after surgery in four referral centers. Surgery consisted of decompressive laminectomy with or without arthrodesis. Outcomes included validated measures of symptom severity, walking capacity, and satisfaction with the results of surgery. Potential predictors of outcome included sociodemographic factors and physical examination, as well as radiographic, psychological, social, and clinical history variables. RESULTS The proportion of patients with severe pain decreased from 81% before surgery to 31% by 2 years afterward. The most powerful preoperation predictor of greater walking capacity, milder symptoms, and greater satisfaction was the patient's report of good or excellent health before surgery. Low cardiovascular comorbidity also predicted a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS Patient's assessments of their own health and comorbidity are the most cogent outcome predictors of surgery for spinal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Katz
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Birkmeyer NJ, Weinstein JN. Medical versus surgical treatment for low back pain: evidence and clinical practice. Eff Clin Pract 1999; 2:218-27. [PMID: 10623054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although low back pain is one of the most common health problems, it is still difficult to choose between surgical and medical treatment. OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence of the efficacy of surgical and medical treatment of the two most common indications for spinal surgery for low back pain--lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis--and to assess geographic variation in the use of surgery for these conditions in the United States. METHODS The MEDLINE database (1966-1999) was searched for all studies that compared surgical and medical treatments for low back pain. Data from the Health Care Financing Administration were used to examine geographic variation in spinal surgery rates for patients enrolled in Medicare (1996-1997). RESULTS Eight observational studies and one randomized clinical trial were identified. In general, these studies suggest better short-term outcomes (e.g., functional status and employability) with surgery than with medical approaches, but they indicate that long-term results are similar with both types of treatment. Methodologic flaws in the observational studies, particularly selection bias, preclude definitive conclusions about relative efficacy. In 1996 and 1997, more than 98,000 Medicare enrollees had surgery for disc herniation or spinal stenosis. Among hospital referral regions, rates of surgery for disc herniation varied 8-fold, from 0.24 to 1.96 per 1000 Medicare enrollees, and rates of surgery for spinal stenosis varied 12-fold, from 0.29 to 3.34 per 1000 Medicare enrollees. CONCLUSIONS The literature comparing the efficacy of surgical and medical treatment for low back pain is limited. Not surprisingly, the use of surgery for low back pain varies widely across the United States. To establish clinical consensus, we need better evidence about the efficacy of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Birkmeyer
- Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Park JB, Park SH, Weinstein JN, Loening S, Oster D. Application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECSWL) in orthopaedics. II. Dose-response and pressure distribution measurements. J Appl Biomater 1999; 2:161-70. [PMID: 10149081 DOI: 10.1002/jab.770020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In order to apply the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECSWL) technique to the loosening of the bone-cement interface for the extraction of the cement during revision arthroplasty it is essential to know the dose-response characteristics. The present study shows that the number of shocks needed to break the interface between a 2- and 6-mm-thick bovine femoral bone and bone cement is similar to the fatigue behavior of a material, that is, Log(N) = C(kV) + D, where N is the number of shock impulses, kV is the power setting of the lithotripter machine in kilovolts, and C and D are constants. Iso-pressure distribution of the traveling shock wave front through a simulated bone in a Plexiglass tube using Fuji pressure film showed quantitative pressure contours from which one can understand the effective area of shock wave and its distribution. The most effective area of the shock wave was about 1.5 cm in diameter at 23 and 25 kV with pressure at least 7.0 MPa which is more than sufficient to break the bone-cement interface in tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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Weinstein JN, Loening S, Park JB, Park SH, Oster D. Application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECSWL) in orthopaedics. III. In vitro and in vivo studies. J Appl Biomater 1999; 2:171-81. [PMID: 10149082 DOI: 10.1002/jab.770020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare the push-out strength of the treated and control samples obtained after implantation of intramedullary rod in canine femurs with bone cement to simulate the femoral stem implantation for 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Contralateral femur served as control. The result showed a significant decrease in push-out interfacial strength after shock wave treatment (average 48.4% decrease compared with control, p less than 0.0001) which is similar to the in vitro results. There was no significant difference if the shock treatment was applied and left for 2 weeks or 4 weeks compared to the ones tested immediately after sacrifice. There were some soft tissue damage immediately following shock treatment in the focal area but this returned to normal in 2 weeks. Human cadaveric femoral bone experiment results showed that results are similar for both human cadaveric femoral bones and the canine bone (the dosage level was higher for the human bone than canine). The number of impacts used to extract the bone cement plug out of a human femur segment (5-cm long) decreased about 68% at 23 and 25 kV treatment power level. These preliminary studies indicate that the shock wave can be utilized to reduce the interfacial strength of the bone and bone cement although more studies are needed to assess its efficacy in terms of cost, long-term effect on patients and the exact mechanism of the loosening before this technique can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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Park SH, Park JB, Weinstein JN, Loening S. Application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECSWL) in orthopedics. I. Foundations and overview. J Appl Biomater 1999; 2:115-26. [PMID: 10149079 DOI: 10.1002/jab.770020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we have reviewed the feasibility of using a shock wave lithotripter to loosen the interface between the bone and acrylic bone cement for revision arthroplasty. We have reviewed the physics of shock wave and its applications in medicine, especially its interaction with tissues. The calculations show that the energy is greatly reduced at the interface both in the soft tissue-bone interface and cement-bone interface. On the other hand, a tensile and compressive pressure can be operated at the cement-bone interface that can cause the interface to break if the pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the cement-bone interface. Subsequent papers will deal with in vitro and in vivo application of the shock wave in the treatment of the cement from the intramedullary canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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Carrier F, Georgel PT, Pourquier P, Blake M, Kontny HU, Antinore MJ, Gariboldi M, Myers TG, Weinstein JN, Pommier Y, Fornace AJ. Gadd45, a p53-responsive stress protein, modifies DNA accessibility on damaged chromatin. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:1673-85. [PMID: 10022855 PMCID: PMC83961 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.3.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/1998] [Accepted: 12/08/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report demonstrates that Gadd45, a p53-responsive stress protein, can facilitate topoisomerase relaxing and cleavage activity in the presence of core histones. A correlation between reduced expression of Gadd45 and increased resistance to topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitors in a variety of human cell lines was also found. Gadd45 could potentially mediate this effect by destabilizing histone-DNA interactions since it was found to interact directly with the four core histones. To evaluate this possibility, we investigated the effect of Gadd45 on preassembled mononucleosomes. Our data indicate that Gadd45 directly associates with mononucleosomes that have been altered by histone acetylation or UV radiation. This interaction resulted in increased DNase I accessibility on hyperacetylated mononucleosomes and substantial reduction of T4 endonuclease V accessibility to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers on UV-irradiated mononucleosomes but not on naked DNA. Both histone acetylation and UV radiation are thought to destabilize the nucleosomal structure. Hence, these results imply that Gadd45 can recognize an altered chromatin state and modulate DNA accessibility to cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carrier
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
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Heckman JD, Lee PP, Jackson CA, Relles D, Weinstein JN, Gebhardt MC, Simon MA, Callaghan JJ, D'Ambrosia RD. Orthopaedic workforce in the next millennium. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998; 80:1533-51. [PMID: 9801223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Heckman
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78282-7774, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Weinstein
- Surgical Outcomes Assessment Program, Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, USA
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Fan Y, Weinstein JN, Kohn KW, Shi LM, Pommier Y. Molecular modeling studies of the DNA-topoisomerase I ternary cleavable complex with camptothecin. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2216-26. [PMID: 9632354 DOI: 10.1021/jm9605445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present studies provide a three-dimensional model for the postulated ternary cleavable complex of topoisomerase I (top1), DNA, and camptothecin (CPT). Molecular simulations were done using the AMBER force field. The results suggest that a ternary cleavable complex might be stabilized by several hydrogen bonds in the binding site. In this proposed "drug-stacking" model, CPT is pseudointercalated in the top1-linked DNA cleavage site and interacts with the protein near its catalytic tyrosine through hydrogen bonding and stacking. The structural model is consistent with the following experimental observations: (i) the N3 position of the 5' terminal purine of the cleaved DNA strand is readily alkylated by 7-chloromethyl 10,11-methylenedioxy CPT; (ii) CPT generally tolerates substituents at positions 7, 9, and 10 but is inactivated by additions at position 12; (iii) 10,11-methylenedioxy (MDO) CPT is much more potent than 10,11-dimethoxy (DMO) CPT; (iv) the lactone portion of CPT is essential for top1 inhibitory activity; (v) 20S derivatives of CPT are much more potent than the 20R analogues; (vi) a catalytic tyrosine hydroxyl in top1 covalently links to the 3' terminal base, T, of the cleaved DNA strand; and (vii) top1 mutation Asn722Ser leads to CPT resistance. A total of 18 camptothecin derivatives with different DNA cleavage potencies were docked into the hypothetical cleavable complex binding site to test and refine the model. These studies provide insight into a possible mechanism of top1 inhibition by CPT derivatives and suggest rational approaches for the design of new CPT derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5D02, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The possible role of phospholipase A2 in an animal model for lumbar radiculopathy and mechanisms of epidural steroid injections were studied. OBJECTIVES To clarify the pathophysiologic mechanism of the recently proved animal model for lumbar radiculopathy and to characterize further the mechanisms of action of steroids. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There have been several reported animal models of peripheral neuropathy. Recently an animal model that shows reliable behavioral and neurochemical changes was proposed, and epidural steroid injections in this model were effective in the reduction of thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia. METHOD In a behavioral study, 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: Group I, loose ligature of the left L4 and L5 nerve roots with 4-0 chromic gut sutures and an epidural injection of 0.1 mL of saline at 3 days after surgery; Group II, same as Group I but with an epidural injection of 0.1 mL of betamethasone on the day before the operation; Group II, same as Group II except injection at 1 day after surgery; Group IV, same as Group II except injection at 3 days after surgery. To test the phospholipase A2 activity in the nerve roots and dorsal root ganglia after the operation, eight rats were killed at given intervals. Analysis of variance techniques were used to test behavioral pattern changes and phospholipase A2 activity across time in each group. RESULTS Thermal hyperalgesia reached its maximal point at 3 weeks after surgery in Group I, but in steroid injection groups, the recovery from hyperalgesia was faster than in Group I. However, there was no significant difference in recovery time among steroid injection groups. The level of phospholipase A2 activity was at its maximum at 1 week after surgery in Groups I and IV. It showed a steady reduction in the steroid group, whereas it remained relatively high and dropped rapidly after 3 weeks in the saline-treated group, and returned to the level of a normal nerve root at 6 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the behavioral pattern changes observed in the irritated nerve root model are caused in part by a high level of phospholipase A2 activity initiated by inflammation, and that the mechanism of action of epidural steroid injection in this model is inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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