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Li W, Churchill L, Procter-Gray E, Kane K, Cheng J, Clarke A, Ockene J. SEX DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL NEIGHBORHOODS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - L. Churchill
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - E. Procter-Gray
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - K. Kane
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - J. Cheng
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - A. Clarke
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - J. Ockene
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Olendzki B, Procter-Gray E, Magee MF, Youssef G, Kane K, Churchill L, Ockene J, Li W. Racial Differences in Misclassification of Healthy Eating Based on Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-Hour Dietary Recalls. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:787-798. [PMID: 28717809 PMCID: PMC5607776 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the agreement in nutrient intake and alternate healthy eating indices (AHEI) between a self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour recall (24HR) measurements of diet by race, among urban older women. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Urban neighborhoods in Washington, DC, USA. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling White and Black women aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS In 2014 and 2015, 49 White and 44 Black older women were queried on diet using both FFQ and 24-hour recalls. The correlation coefficients of 55 nutrient intake measures and agreements on healthy eating classification between the two instruments were compared overall and by race. RESULTS The mean correlation coefficient (rho) was 0.46 for Whites and 0.23 for Blacks. For 47 measures, rho was lower for Blacks. Whites had a strong correlation of ≥0.5 for 28 items, while Blacks had strong correlations for only 3 items. Based on FFQ, the mean (SD) of AHEI were 54.0 (10.3) for Whites and 45.9 (8.8) for Blacks (p<0.001). Based on 24HR, the mean (SD) were 43.9 (10.8) for Whites and 33.2 (9.6) for Blacks (p<0.001). Using 32 as the cutoff (40% of maximum AHEI score), 50% of Blacks and 14% of Whites were classified as eating unhealthy based on the 24HR, versus 2.6% and 0% based on the FFQ. CONCLUSION The FFQ has limited ability to accurately assess nutrient intake among older Black women, and tends to underestimate racial differences in healthy eating. The FFQ should be further improved for use in racial disparities research of healthy eating in older age, using a larger sample of older women with racial and geographic diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olendzki
- Wenjun Li, PhD, Health Statistics and Geography Lab, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School S4-314, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, Phone: 774-455-4215, Fax: 508-856-4543,
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Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Gass M, Lane DS, Aragaki AK, Kuller LH, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, Ockene J, Prentice RL. Breast cancer outcome and estrogen plus progestin use in postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Resnick SM, Espeland MA, Jaramillo SA, Hirsch C, Stefanick ML, Murray AM, Ockene J, Davatzikos C. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and regional brain volumes: the WHIMS-MRI Study. Neurology 2009; 72:135-42. [PMID: 19139364 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000339037.76336.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether menopausal hormone therapy (HT) affects regional brain volumes, including hippocampal and frontal regions. METHODS Brain MRI scans were obtained in a subset of 1,403 women aged 71-89 years who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). WHIMS was an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative, which consisted of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials: 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with or without 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in one daily tablet. Scans were performed, on average, 3.0 years post-trial for the CEE + MPA trial and 1.4 years post-trial for the CEE-Alone trial; average on-trial follow-up intervals were 4.0 years for CEE + MPA and 5.6 years for CEE-Alone. Total brain, ventricular, hippocampal, and frontal lobe volumes, adjusted for age, clinic site, estimated intracranial volume, and dementia risk factors, were the main outcome variables. RESULTS Compared with placebo, covariate-adjusted mean frontal lobe volume was 2.37 cm(3) lower among women assigned to HT (p = 0.004), mean hippocampal volume was slightly (0.10 cm(3)) lower (p = 0.05), and differences in total brain volume approached significance (p = 0.07). Results were similar for CEE + MPA and CEE-Alone. HT-associated reductions in hippocampal volumes were greatest in women with the lowest baseline Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores (scores <90). CONCLUSIONS Conjugated equine estrogens with or without MPA are associated with greater brain atrophy among women aged 65 years and older; however, the adverse effects are most evident in women experiencing cognitive deficits before initiating hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Resnick
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, Biomedical Research Center/04B317, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Brunner R, Dunbar-Jacob J, Leboff MS, Granek I, Bowen D, Snetselaar LG, Shumaker SA, Ockene J, Rosal M, Wactawski-Wende J, Cauley J, Cochrane B, Tinker L, Jackson R, Wang CY, Wu L. Predictors of adherence in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Trial. Behav Med 2009; 34:145-55. [PMID: 19064373 PMCID: PMC3770154 DOI: 10.3200/bmed.34.4.145-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors analyzed data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Trial (CaD) to learn more about factors affecting adherence to clinical trial study pills (both active and placebo). Most participants (36,282 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years) enrolled in CaD 1 year after joining either a hormone trial or the dietary modification trial of WHI. The WHI researchers measured adherence to study pills by weighing the amount of remaining pills at an annual study visit; adherence was primarily defined as taking > or = 80% of the pills. The authors in this study examined a number of behavioral, demographic, procedural, and treatment variables for association with study pill adherence. They found that relatively simple procedures (ie, phone contact early in the study [4 weeks post randomization] and direct social contact) later in the trial may improve adherence. Also, at baseline, past pill-use experiences, personal supplement use, and relevant symptoms may be predictive of adherence in a supplement trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brunner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Zapka JG, Merriam P, Ockene J. Smoking cessation benefits in HMOs. HMO Pract 1997; 11:27-33. [PMID: 10165551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A survey was undertaken in the Spring of 1994 to understand the types of smoking cessation services offered by HMOs to one state's employees. Responses documented that the vast majority of HMOs offered nicotine replacement therapy, as well as behavioral classes and courses, with no difference in availability of programs by HMO model type. Considerable variance was found among plans with respect to the structure of the services, and the conditions for accessing benefits. This variation in part may reflect the lack of empirical evidence concerning which approach is most effective. HMOs have provided leadership within the health services and insurance industry with respect to inclusion of cessation benefits. A challenge for HMOs is to design coordinated systems for their smoking cessation services including development of appropriate monitoring systems. Such monitoring will allow plans to better assess participation and effectiveness, and to make benefit and operational decisions on the basis of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Zapka
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
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Royce JM, Corbett K, Sorensen G, Ockene J. Gender, social pressure, and smoking cessations: the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) at baseline. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44:359-70. [PMID: 9004370 DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine gender differences in the perception of social constraints against smoking and to explore the role of other sociodemographic and smoking factors that influence the perception of social pressure. Baseline data from the 20 U.S. sites in the National Cancer Institute's Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) were analyzed. We found that women were less likely than men to be heavy smokers and to report that smoking had affected their health, but more likely to report behavior indicating physiological addiction (timing of first cigarette). At all smoking levels, women were about twice as likely as men to report feeling pressure to quit, after adjusting for education, income, ethnic group, age, and other factors. The source of pressure, however, was different: more women report pressure from their children, whereas more men report pressure from friends and coworkers. Women were equally likely as men to make quit attempts, after adjusting for other factors, but were less likely to remain abstinent for at least 10 days. Women, regardless of education, ethnicity, and age, reported a greater tendency to ask permission before smoking in non-restricted public places. College-educated men were less likely than men without college education to smoke without asking in non-restricted places, but education did not influence whether women asked permission. For both sexes, smoking level and nicotine dependence were significant predictors of lighting up without asking in public places, after adjustment for other variables. We discuss these findings and their implications for the gender gap in smoking cessation and women's conflicting pressures to stop/continue smoking. Tobacco control efforts are discussed within the context of gender differences in social norms, roles, socialization, and communication cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Royce
- American Health Foundation, New York, USA
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Sorensen G, Goldberg R, Ockene J, Klar J, Tannenbaum T, Lemeshow S. Heavy smoking among a sample of employed women. Am J Prev Med 1992; 8:207-14. [PMID: 1524856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the phenomenon of heavy smoking among women and factors related to it is of considerable public health importance. Whereas lighter smokers have been more successful in their cessation attempts, the percentage of smokers who smoke more than 25 cigarettes per day has increased in recent years. This article examines the hypothesis that, compared to lighter smokers, female heavy smokers will report more responsiveness to internal cues to smoke, less interest in quitting, more difficulty with previous cessation attempts, more uncertainty about cessation strategies, and more concern about weight gain as a result of quitting. We collected data in 1984 through a self-administered survey completed by 874 women employed as nurses in acute care, chronic care, and home care nursing in Worcester, Massachusetts; we base our analyses on data collected from 158 light and moderate smokers and 67 heavy smokers. Our findings suggest that, compared to lighter smokers, heavy smokers may depend more on nicotine and are likely to respond to a broader array of cues to smoke, factors that appear to contribute to heavy smokers' greater difficulties with quitting. These female heavy smokers are just as likely as lighter smokers to have made previous attempts to quit and want to quit just as much. Major barriers to quitting for female heavy smokers include a lack of confidence in their ability to quit, insufficient tools to succeed with cessation attempts, and fear that weight gain will accompany quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sorensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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Ockene J, Kristeller JL, Goldberg R, Ockene I, Merriam P, Barrett S, Pekow P, Hosmer D, Gianelly R. Smoking cessation and severity of disease: The Coronary Artery Smoking Intervention Study. Health Psychol 1992; 11:119-26. [PMID: 1582380 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.11.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We tested the effectiveness of an individually delivered behavioral multicomponent smoking intervention (SI) against offering advice only (AO) to 267 patients after coronary arteriography. After 6 months, 51% of AO patients and 62% of SI patients reported abstinence. Validated rates were 34% and 45% for AO and SI patients, respectively. Logistic regression analyses, controlling for severity of illness, stage of change, and self-efficacy, among other variables, showed that, at 6 months, the SI had the most effect for patients with more severe coronary artery disease (CAD) who had been admitted with a myocardial infarction (95% confidence interval = 2.05, 124.85). At 12 months, only severity of disease mediated SI effects (95% confidence interval = 3.10, 58.00). Similar results were seen for cotinine-validated cessation. This study confirms the effectiveness of individually administered SI for more seriously ill patients with CAD and raises questions as to how to better intervene with those individuals with less severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ockene
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on smoking cessation and relapse for 6 yers of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the relationship between variables measured at the beginning of the trial and smoking cessation and relapse for special intervention and usual care participants. RESULTS The variables positively associated with smoking cessation in both the SI and the UC groups included age, education, and past success in quitting; there was a negative association with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The expectation of quitting was positively associated with cessation in the special intervention group only, while life events, alcohol, and the presence of a wife who smokes were significant predictors of reduced cessation for the usual care group. The special intervention program may have overcome obstacles which interfered with cessation among the usual care participants. Associations with relapse were generally stronger in the usual care group than in the special intervention group. For usual care participants, multivariate analyses showed that education, past success in quitting smoking, alcohol, and life events were associated with relapse rates. For special intervention participants, only alcohol emerged as a significant predictor. Conclusion. The data are relevant in terms of factors that govern smoking cessation and relapse for adult smokers who take part in formal intervention programs and for those who are left to modify their behavior on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hymowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103
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Quirk M, Ockene J, Kristeller J, Goldberg R, Donnelly G, Amick T, Kalan K. Training family practice and internal medicine residents to counsel patients who smoke: improvement and retention of counseling skills. Fam Med 1991; 23:108-11. [PMID: 2037209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This investigation builds on an earlier study by describing the final results of a training program that teaches internal medicine and family practice residents to counsel patients to stop smoking. In this study, 198 residents participated in a three-hour training program which included small group discussion and role-playing exercises. Videotaped observations of role-playing performances were used to assess behavioral outcomes related to counseling skills for 104 residents who completed pre-, immediate post-, and long-term follow-up testing. The present findings support previous results that show the training program has a significant positive effect on physician smoking cessation counseling skills. A subsample of residents continued to exhibit improved counseling skills one year after the initial educational interventions, suggesting that these skills can be retained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quirk
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655
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Heimendinger J, Thompson B, Ockene J, Sorensen G, Abrams D, Emmons K, Varnes J, Eriksen MP, Probart C, Himmelstein J. Reducing the risk of cancer through worksite intervention. Occup Med 1990; 5:707-23. [PMID: 2237700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This chapter examines existing activities reported in the literature in the areas of smoking, nutrition, and screening; explores the prominent theories of behavior change that have guided some of these activities; and presents a model for worksite cancer prevention programs that is currently being tested in a large trial. A major theme of this chapter is the need for simultaneous changes in individual behaviors and the worksite environment. For each factor (smoking, nutrition, and screening) the discussion is divided into interventions for individuals and those for the environment or organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heimendinger
- Health Promotion Sciences Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
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Kuller LH, Ockene J, Meilahn E, Svendsen KH. Relation of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to lung cancer mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132:265-74. [PMID: 2372006 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For men participating in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, the authors evaluated the relation between the baseline forced expiratory volume in one second and lung cancer mortality among smokers between the third and tenth years of follow-up (1973-1974 to 1984). This measure of ventilatory function was a powerful predictor of lung cancer deaths, with rates that increased from 3.02 per 1,000 person-years in the lowest quintile of forced expiratory volume to 0.43 in the highest quintile. This relation was not weakened by adjustments for smoking dose, including number of cigarettes smoked per day, tar and nicotine content, duration of smoking, or age at onset of smoking. Nor was forced expiratory volume related to time between its determination and lung cancer death. If these observations can be verified in other studies, the forced expiratory volume in one second may identify smokers at very high risk of lung cancer and, hence, in need of more aggressive preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Kuller
- U. of Pittsburg Graduate School of Public Health, Dept. of Epidemiology, PA 15261
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Abstract
A group of 182 smokers in a CHD risk factor intervention program were prospectively followed for 4 years to note the relationship of selected psychosocial factors to long-term outcomes in smoking cessation. The results of the study suggest that the combined effects of high levels of presumed stress and low self-reliance (measured by a multimode method) have predictive value in determining failure in long-term follow-up. The results were linked to a possible treatment-person interaction and to current theory on conditioned emotional states and addictive smoking.
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Ockene J, Kristeller JL, Goldberg R, Ockene I, Merriam P, Barrett S, Pekow P, Hosmer D, Gianelly R. Smoking cessation and severity of disease: the Coronary Artery Smoking Intervention Study. Psychol Health 1992. [PMID: 1582380 DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.11.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We tested the effectiveness of an individually delivered behavioral multicomponent smoking intervention (SI) against offering advice only (AO) to 267 patients after coronary arteriography. After 6 months, 51% of AO patients and 62% of SI patients reported abstinence. Validated rates were 34% and 45% for AO and SI patients, respectively. Logistic regression analyses, controlling for severity of illness, stage of change, and self-efficacy, among other variables, showed that, at 6 months, the SI had the most effect for patients with more severe coronary artery disease (CAD) who had been admitted with a myocardial infarction (95% confidence interval = 2.05, 124.85). At 12 months, only severity of disease mediated SI effects (95% confidence interval = 3.10, 58.00). Similar results were seen for cotinine-validated cessation. This study confirms the effectiveness of individually administered SI for more seriously ill patients with CAD and raises questions as to how to better intervene with those individuals with less severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ockene
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655
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