1
|
Wong CS, Strehlow J, Broughton DP, Luedtke SV, Huang CK, Bogale A, Fitzgarrald R, Nedbailo R, Schmidt JL, Schmidt TR, Twardowski J, Van Pelt A, Alvarez MA, Junghans A, Mix LT, Reinovsky RE, Rusby DR, Wang Z, Wolfe B, Albright BJ, Batha SH, Palaniyappan S. Robust unfolding of MeV x-ray spectra from filter stack spectrometer data. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:023301. [PMID: 38341719 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We present an inversion method capable of robustly unfolding MeV x-ray spectra from filter stack spectrometer (FSS) data without requiring an a priori specification of a spectral shape or arbitrary termination of the algorithm. Our inversion method is based upon the perturbative minimization (PM) algorithm, which has previously been shown to be capable of unfolding x-ray transmission data, albeit for a limited regime in which the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient of the filter material increases monotonically with x-ray energy. Our inversion method improves upon the PM algorithm through regular smoothing of the candidate spectrum and by adding stochasticity to the search. With these additions, the inversion method does not require a physics model for an initial guess, fitting, or user-selected termination of the search. Instead, the only assumption made by the inversion method is that the x-ray spectrum should be near a smooth curve. Testing with synthetic data shows that the inversion method can successfully recover the primary large-scale features of MeV x-ray spectra, including the number of x-rays in energy bins of several-MeV widths to within 10%. Fine-scale features, however, are more difficult to recover accurately. Examples of unfolding experimental FSS data obtained at the Texas Petawatt Laser Facility and the OMEGA EP laser facility are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-S Wong
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Strehlow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D P Broughton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S V Luedtke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C-K Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Bogale
- Center for Energy Research, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - R Fitzgarrald
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Nedbailo
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J L Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Twardowski
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Van Pelt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - A Junghans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L T Mix
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R E Reinovsky
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D R Rusby
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Wolfe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Batha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Twardowski J, Nowak I, Stufkens DJ, Snoeck TL. Raman and infrared studies of homogeneous forms of acid phosphatase from rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984; 790:70-7. [PMID: 6477939 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(84)90333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectra of acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2) forms from rat liver in water solution, and infrared spectra of the same forms as thin films, have been investigated. The spectra show strong bands belonging to phosphodiester or phosphomonoester residues. These groups are modified during the postsynthetic modification of acid phosphatase and are probably connected with the process of bonding and splitting of mannose 6-phosphate and N-acetylglucosamine, in agreement with previous biochemical models for the intracellular transport of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolases to lysosomes. Some other bands in the infrared spectra are assigned to vibrations of N-H groups which may belong to N-acetylglucosamine.
Collapse
|
3
|
Twardowski J, Majcherska E. Rhythmic variations in acid phosphatase activity in the liver of newborn rats. Acta Physiol Pol 1983; 34:547-54. [PMID: 6679991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The rhythm of acid phosphatase activity in liver homogenates of newborn rats (aged about 14 days) was compared with a similar rhythm in adult rats (aged 4.5 months). Serial chromatographic investigations demonstrating isoenzyme patterns demonstrated age-related changes of this rhythm connected with the synthesis of the enzyme in newborn rats. The averaged activity of the enzyme in the liver homogenates of newborn rats was about 4 times lower than in adult rats. The maximal values of total enzyme activity of both isoenzymes after chromatographic separation in newborn rats were shifted by about 7 hours in relation to adult animals. Similar changes were observed in the case of the greatest maximal values of the activity ratios--subunit: both isoenzymes, and isoenzyme II: isoenzyme I. In adult rats these maximal values appeared during the night hours and in newborn rats during the day.
Collapse
|
4
|
Twardowski J, Lityńska A, Proniewicz LM, Domosławski J. Rhythmic changes of some lysosomal hydrolases activity from rat liver. Rhythmic changes of acid phosphatase synthesis. Chronobiologia 1981; 8:231-42. [PMID: 7307716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The activity of acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.), arylsulfatase (E.C.3.1.1.23.), beta-galactosidase (E.C.3.1.1.23.), and beta-acetylglucosaminidase (E.C.3.2.1.30.) in rat liver homogenates of 4.5 month-old male rats is presented in this paper. The degradation processes are observed in rat liver homogenate after incubation. The activity of acid phosphatase and beta-acetylglucosaminidase increases, the activity in one of beta-galactosidase is constant, and arylsulfatase decreases during the time of incubation. Furthermore, the maxima of the enzyme activities shift during the incubation in the time of a day. Gel filtration of acid phosphatase on the Sephadex G-150 Superfine and DEAE-cellulose columns determinate the mutual content of acid phosphatase subunits to isoenzymes I and II in various points of a day. The greatest content of acid phosphatase subunits versus both the isoenzymes content is at 02(24), and the greatest content of isoenzyme II versus the content of isoenzymes I appears at 07(12). From these data it is clear that the period of the isoenzyme II synthesis from the subunit amounts to 5 h, while 10 h are necessary to create the isoenzyme I originated from isoenzyme II. The comparison of acid phosphatase activity before and after the homogenate filtration on the Sephadex column indicates the increase of this enzyme activity after its separation from the other proteins and other components.
Collapse
|